Ong Siong Guan (7E4B3535/18057036) Reservoir Engineering Fundamentals Assignment 1

Question 1.1

Identify the fluid contacts present (if any) across the formation, with depths referenced to a
sub-sea (SS) datum.
The field unit for depth and pressure are ft and psi respectively.

The depth reference to sub-sea datum can be converted from the given depth relative to kelly
brushing by the Equation 1.
3.28084𝑓𝑡
𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ (𝑆𝑆) = (𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑘𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑏𝑟𝑢𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔 (𝑚) | ) − 75𝑓𝑡 … Equation 1
1𝑚

Table 1 shows the formation pressure with respect of depth measured relative to kelly brushing
and with referenced to sub-sea datum, while Figure 1 shows the graph of formation pressure
against the depth referenced to sub-sea datum in the Canning Basin.

Depth (RKB) /m Depth (SS) / ft Formation Pressure (psia)

3523 11483.3993 4973.0
3528 11499.8035 4974.3
3529 11503.0844 4974.6
3530 11506.3652 4974.8
3531 11509.6460 4975.1
3532 11512.9269 4975.4
3536 11526.0502 4978.3
3540 11539.1736 4982.9
3543 11549.0161 4986.3
3546 11558.8586 4989.8
3549 11568.7012 4993.2
3556 11591.6670 5002.8
3560 11604.7904 5008.5
3570 11637.5988 5023.0
3572 11644.1605 5025.9
3586 11690.0922 5046.1
Table 1: Formation Pressure with Respect to Formation Depth
Ong Siong Guan (7E4B3535/18057036) Reservoir Engineering Fundamentals Assignment 1

GRAPH OF PRESSURE VERSUS DEPTH OF

CANNING BASIN
DEPTH / FTSS
11450.000011500.000011550.000011600.000011650.000011700.000011750.0000
4960.0
y = 0.0805x + 4048
4970.0

4980.0
FORMATION PRESSURE, PSIA

y = 0.3264x + 1216.4

4990.0

5000.0
y = 0.4372x - 64.708
5010.0

5020.0

5030.0

5040.0

5050.0
Gas Gradient Oil Gradient Water Gradient

Figure 1: Graph of Formation Pressure Against Formation Depth of Canning Basin

From the graph, the gradient for each zone can be identified as below.

𝑑𝑃
( ) = 0.0805 𝑝𝑠𝑖/𝑓𝑡
𝑑𝐷 𝑔𝑎𝑠

𝑑𝑃
(𝑑𝐷) = 0.3264 𝑝𝑠𝑖/𝑓𝑡
𝑜𝑖𝑙

𝑑𝑃
(𝑑𝐷) = 0.4372 𝑝𝑠𝑖/𝑓𝑡
𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟

By applying Equation 2, Equation 3 and Equation 4, we can calculate the C value for water, oil
and gas zone respectively.

𝑑𝑃
𝑃(𝑝𝑠𝑖) = (𝑑𝐷) × 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ (𝑓𝑡) + 14.7 + 𝐶𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 … Equation 2
𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟

𝑑𝑃
𝑃(𝑝𝑠𝑖) = (𝑑𝐷) × 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ (𝑓𝑡) + 𝐶𝑜𝑖𝑙 … Equation 3
𝑜𝑖𝑙

𝑑𝑃
𝑃(𝑝𝑠𝑖) = (𝑑𝐷) × 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ (𝑓𝑡) + 14.7 + 𝐶𝑔𝑎𝑠 … Equation 4
𝑔𝑎𝑠
Ong Siong Guan (7E4B3535/18057036) Reservoir Engineering Fundamentals Assignment 1

Taking one point at water zone, where depth is 11604.7904ft, and formation pressure is 5008.5psi.

Applying Equation 2,

𝑑𝑃
𝑃(𝑝𝑠𝑖) = (𝑑𝐷) × 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ (𝑓𝑡) + 14.7 + 𝐶𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟

5008.5 = 0.4372 ×11604.7904 + 14.7 + 𝐶𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟

𝐶𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = −79.81𝑝𝑠𝑖

Taking one point at oil zone, where depth is 11526.0502ft, and formation pressure is 4978.3psi.

Applying Equation 3,

𝑑𝑃
𝑃(𝑝𝑠𝑖) = (𝑑𝐷) × 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ (𝑓𝑡) + 𝐶𝑜𝑖𝑙
𝑜𝑖𝑙

4978.3 = 0.3264 ×11526.0502 + 𝐶𝑜𝑖𝑙

𝐶𝑜𝑖𝑙 = 1216.197𝑝𝑠𝑖

At water-oil contact (WOC), Poil = Pwater. Hence, equating Equation 2 and Equation 3 will
results in the depth of WOC.

𝑑𝑃 𝑑𝑃
(𝑑𝐷) × 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ (𝑓𝑡) + 14.7 + 𝐶𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = (𝑑𝐷) × 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ (𝑓𝑡) + 𝐶𝑜𝑖𝑙
𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑖𝑙

0.4372 × 𝐷 + 14.7 − 79.81 = 0.3264 ×𝐷 + 1216.197

𝐷 = 11564.1426𝑓𝑡
Ong Siong Guan (7E4B3535/18057036) Reservoir Engineering Fundamentals Assignment 1

Taking one point at gas zone, where depth is 11503.0844ft, and formation pressure is 4974.6psi.

Applying Equation 4,

𝑑𝑃
𝑃(𝑝𝑠𝑖) = (𝑑𝐷) × 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ (𝑓𝑡) + 𝐶𝑔𝑎𝑠
𝑔𝑎𝑠

4974.6 = 0.0805 ×11503.0844 + 𝐶𝑔𝑎𝑠

𝐶𝑔𝑎𝑠 = 4048.602𝑝𝑠𝑖

At gas-oil contact (GOC), Pgas = Poil. Hence, equating Equation 3 and Equation 4 will results in
the depth of WOC.

𝑑𝑃 𝑑𝑃
(𝑑𝐷) × 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ (𝑓𝑡) + 𝐶𝑔𝑎𝑠 = (𝑑𝐷) × 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ (𝑓𝑡) + 𝐶𝑜𝑖𝑙
𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝑜𝑖𝑙

0.0805 × 𝐷 + 4048.602 = 0.3264 ×𝐷 + 1216.197

𝐷 = 11518.524𝑓𝑡

Therefore,

OWC is located at 11564.1426ft.

GOC is located at 11518.524ft.

Ong Siong Guan (7E4B3535/18057036) Reservoir Engineering Fundamentals Assignment 1

Calculate the various fluid gradients and densities.

From Figure 1, the gradient for each zone can be identified as below.

𝒅𝑷
(𝒅𝑫) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟎𝟓 𝒑𝒔𝒊/𝒇𝒕
𝒈𝒂𝒔

𝒅𝑷
(𝒅𝑫) = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟐𝟔𝟒 𝒑𝒔𝒊/𝒇𝒕
𝒐𝒊𝒍

𝒅𝑷
(𝒅𝑫) = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟑𝟕𝟐 𝒑𝒔𝒊/𝒇𝒕
𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓

Equation 5 can be applied to calculate the density of the fluid.

𝑑𝑃 𝜌
(𝑑𝐷) = 144 … Equation 5

For gas,

𝑑𝑃 𝜌
(𝑑𝐷) = 144
𝑔𝑎𝑠

𝜌
0.0805 = 144

𝜌 = 11.592𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡 3

For oil,

𝑑𝑃 𝜌
(𝑑𝐷) = 144
𝑜𝑖𝑙

𝜌
0.3264 = 144

𝜌 = 47.0016𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡 3
Ong Siong Guan (7E4B3535/18057036) Reservoir Engineering Fundamentals Assignment 1

For water,

𝑑𝑃 𝜌
(𝑑𝐷) = 144
𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟

𝜌
0.4372 = 144

𝜌 = 62.957𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡 3

Therefore,

ρgas = 11.59lb/ft3

ρoil = 47.00lb/ft3

ρgas = 62.96lb/ft3
Ong Siong Guan (7E4B3535/18057036) Reservoir Engineering Fundamentals Assignment 1

Comment on the hydrostatic pressure regime of the reservoir.

Taking one point at water zone, where depth is 11604.7904ft, and formation pressure is 5008.5psi.

Applying Equation 2,

𝑑𝑃
𝑃(𝑝𝑠𝑖) = (𝑑𝐷) × 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ (𝑓𝑡) + 14.7 + 𝐶𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟

5008.5 = 0.4372 ×11604.7904 + 14.7 + 𝐶𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟

𝐶𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = −79.81𝑝𝑠𝑖

Since the C value is not equal to zero, this indicate that this is an abnormal pressure reservoir. The
negative value indicates the reservoir is under pressure by 79.81psi, showing that tectonics have
shifted the reservoir upwards.
Ong Siong Guan (7E4B3535/18057036) Reservoir Engineering Fundamentals Assignment 1

Question 1.3

Identify the gas oil contact.

Density of water at reservoir condition can be determined by using Equation 6.
1
(𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 )𝑟𝑒𝑠 = ×(𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 )𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 … Equation 6
𝐵𝑤

By applying Equation 6,
1
(𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 )𝑟𝑒𝑠 = × (𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 )𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒
𝐵𝑤
1
(𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 )𝑟𝑒𝑠 = × 65.40
1.022

(𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 )𝑟𝑒𝑠 = 63.99𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡 3

Applying Equation 5 to determine the pressure gradient of water in the reservoir.

𝑑𝑃 𝜌
(𝑑𝐷) = 144
𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟

𝑑𝑃 63.99
(𝑑𝐷) =
𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 144

𝑑𝑃
(𝑑𝐷) = 0.444𝑝𝑠𝑖/𝑓𝑡
𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟

Assuming the reservoir is a normal pressure reservoir, i.e. Cwater = 0.

At water-oil contact (WOC), where the depth is equal to 2800 ftss, Poil = Pwater. Hence,
𝑑𝑃 𝑑𝑃
(𝑑𝐷) × 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ (𝑓𝑡) + 14.7 + 𝐶𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = (𝑑𝐷) × 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ (𝑓𝑡) + 𝐶𝑜𝑖𝑙
𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑖𝑙

𝑑𝑃
0.444 × 2800 + 14.7 = (𝑑𝐷) ×2800 + 𝐶𝑜𝑖𝑙 … Equation 7
𝑜𝑖𝑙

For the oil zone, taking the depth of 2700ft, and pressure of 1225psi, applying Equation 3,
𝑑𝑃
𝑃(𝑝𝑠𝑖) = (𝑑𝐷) × 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ (𝑓𝑡) + 𝐶𝑜𝑖𝑙
𝑜𝑖𝑙

𝑑𝑃
1225 = (𝑑𝐷) ×2700 + 𝐶𝑜𝑖𝑙 … Equation 8
𝑜𝑖𝑙
Ong Siong Guan (7E4B3535/18057036) Reservoir Engineering Fundamentals Assignment 1

Solving Equation 7 and Equation 8 simultaneously,

𝑑𝑃
(𝑑𝐷) = 0.329𝑝𝑠𝑖/𝑓𝑡
𝑜𝑖𝑙

𝐶𝑜𝑖𝑙 = 336.7𝑝𝑠𝑖

𝐺𝑂𝑅 = 300𝑠𝑐𝑓/𝑠𝑡𝑏

Assuming the production takes place 24 hours,

𝑞𝑜𝑖𝑙 = 1000𝑠𝑡𝑏/8ℎ𝑟𝑠

𝑞𝑜𝑖𝑙 = 3000𝑠𝑡𝑏/𝑑𝑎𝑦

Taking basis of 1 day,

𝑉𝑜𝑖𝑙 = 3000𝑠𝑡𝑏

𝑉𝑔𝑎𝑠,𝑠𝑐 = 𝑞𝑜𝑖𝑙 × 𝐺𝑂𝑅 × 1𝑑𝑎𝑦

𝑞𝑔𝑎𝑠 = 3000 ×300

𝑞𝑔𝑎𝑠 = 900000𝑠𝑐𝑓

𝑃𝑉
Given [𝑛𝑧𝑅𝑇] is a constant, therefore,

𝑃𝑉 𝑃𝑉
[ ] =[ ]
𝑛𝑧𝑅𝑇 𝑠𝑐 𝑛𝑧𝑅𝑇 𝑟

14.7 × 900000 1184 × 𝑉

[ ] =[ ]
1 × (460 + 60) 𝑠𝑐 0.825 ×(460 + 100) 𝑟

𝑉𝑔𝑎𝑠,𝑟 = 9927.66𝑓𝑡 3
Ong Siong Guan (7E4B3535/18057036) Reservoir Engineering Fundamentals Assignment 1

Given γgas = 0.7,

𝛾𝑔𝑎𝑠 = 0.7

𝜌𝑔𝑎𝑠,𝑠𝑐
= 0.7, where 𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟,𝑠𝑐 = 0.0763 lb/ft3
𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟,𝑠𝑐

𝜌𝑔𝑎𝑠,𝑠𝑐
= 0.7
0.0763

𝜌𝑔𝑎𝑠,𝑠𝑐 = 0.05341 𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡 3

𝜌𝑔𝑎𝑠,𝑠𝑐 ×𝑉𝑔𝑎𝑠,𝑠𝑐
𝜌𝑔𝑎𝑠,𝑟 =
𝑉𝑔𝑎𝑠,𝑟
0.05341×900000
𝜌𝑔𝑎𝑠,𝑟 =
9927.66
𝜌𝑔𝑎𝑠,𝑟 = 4.842 𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡 3

Applying Equation 5,

𝑑𝑃 𝜌
(𝑑𝐷) = 144
𝑔𝑎𝑠

𝑑𝑃 4.842
(𝑑𝐷) =
𝑔𝑎𝑠 144

𝑑𝑃
(𝑑𝐷) = 0.0337𝑝𝑠𝑖/𝑓𝑡
𝑔𝑎𝑠

Taking one point at gas zone, where depth is 2450ft, and formation pressure is 1184psi.

Applying Equation 4,

𝑑𝑃
𝑃(𝑝𝑠𝑖) = (𝑑𝐷) × 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ (𝑓𝑡) + 𝐶𝑔𝑎𝑠
𝑔𝑎𝑠

1184 = 0.0337 ×2450 + 𝐶𝑔𝑎𝑠

𝐶𝑔𝑎𝑠 = 1101.435𝑝𝑠𝑖
Ong Siong Guan (7E4B3535/18057036) Reservoir Engineering Fundamentals Assignment 1

At gas-oil contact (GOC), Pgas = Poil. Hence, equating Equation 3 and Equation 4 will results in
the depth of WOC.

𝑑𝑃 𝑑𝑃
(𝑑𝐷) × 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ (𝑓𝑡) + 𝐶𝑔𝑎𝑠 = (𝑑𝐷) × 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ (𝑓𝑡) + 𝐶𝑜𝑖𝑙
𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝑜𝑖𝑙

0.0337 × 𝐷 + 1101.435 = 0.329 ×𝐷 + 336.7

𝐷 = 2589.69𝑓𝑡

Therefore, GOC is located at 2589.69ft.

Estimate the height of the oil column.

𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 = 𝐷𝑊𝑂𝐶 − 𝐷𝐺𝑂𝐶

𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 = 2800 − 2589.69

𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 = 𝟐𝟏𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝒇𝒕

Ong Siong Guan (7E4B3535/18057036) Reservoir Engineering Fundamentals Assignment 1

Question 1.4

Calculate the Stock Tank Oil Initially in Place (STOIIP) from the geologist’s volumetric
estimate.

Stock Tank Oil Initially in Place (STOIIP) can be calculated by using Equation 9.

𝑉∅(1−𝑆𝑤𝑟 )
𝑆𝑇𝑂𝐼𝐼𝑃 = … Equation 9
𝐵𝑜𝑖

Applying Equation 9,

𝑉∅(1−𝑆𝑤𝑟 )
𝑆𝑇𝑂𝐼𝐼𝑃 = 𝐵𝑜𝑖

14×106 ×37×0.75×0.20×(1−0.13) 6.2898𝑏𝑏𝑙

𝑆𝑇𝑂𝐼𝐼𝑃 = ( 𝑚3 | )
1.56 1𝑚3

𝑆𝑇𝑂𝐼𝐼𝑃 = 𝟐𝟕𝟐. 𝟓𝟓𝑴𝑴𝒔𝒕𝒃

Identify the drive mechanism(s) occurring during production.

Table 2 shows the details of the reservoir after being produced, while Figure 2 shows the
diagnostic plot for the reservoir.

Table 2: Reservoir Production Data

Ong Siong Guan (7E4B3535/18057036) Reservoir Engineering Fundamentals Assignment 1

Diagnostic Plot for Reservoir

3500 12.000000

3000 10.000000
Formation Pressure / psi

2500 8.000000

GOR / Msc/stb
Water Cut
2000 6.000000

1500 4.000000

1000 2.000000

500 0.000000

0 -2.000000
0.000000 10.000000 20.000000 30.000000 40.000000
Oil Produced (% of OIIP)
Reservoir Pressure GOR Water cut

Figure 2: Diagnostic Plot for Reservoir

From Figure 2, the low in water cut (approximate 0) indicate that the reservoir is not under water
drive. If the reservoir is under water drive, there should be a noticeable water cut.

It can be noticed that the formation pressure drops gradually as more oil are being produced. As
more oil being produced, the gas in the gas zone expand and pushes the oil into the production line.
By observing the rate of pressure drop, we can again deduce that the reservoir is not under water
drive as water drive will keep the pressure constant at early stage.

The gas-oil ratio (GOR) continuously increases, with a slower rate in the early stage and increases
rapidly at the later stage of the production stage. As more oil being produced, the gas level getting
lower down and reaching the production tubing level, and enter the production line. Once the gas,
i.e. the GOR reaches the production well, the GOR will start to increases rapidly as more gas being
produced. Hence, we can deduce that the drive mechanism in the reservoir is gas cap drive.
Ong Siong Guan (7E4B3535/18057036) Reservoir Engineering Fundamentals Assignment 1

Estimate the bubble point pressure and Rsi and determine whether the reservoir is saturated
or undersaturated.
Rsi is the gas solubility which indicates the volume of dissolved gas stored within an amount of
oil. Referring to Figure 2 GOR section, it can be noticed that at the early stage of the production
stage, the GOR remains constant at 1Mscf/stb. As mentioned before, the gas will not be produced
in the early stage until the GOC reaches the production well. This also indicates that 1Mscf of gas
will evolved from 1stb of oil upon reaching the surface. The gas solubility can be further estimated
by using the Equation 10.
𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐺𝑎𝑠 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒
𝑅𝑠𝑖 = … Equation 10
𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑂𝑖𝑙 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒

Applying Equation 10,

𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐺𝑎𝑠 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒
𝑅𝑠𝑖 = 𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑂𝑖𝑙 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒
62×106
𝑅𝑠𝑖 = 60000

𝑅𝑠𝑖 = 𝟏𝟎𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟑𝒔𝒄𝒇/𝒔𝒕𝒃

Therefore, the gas solubility, Rsi in this reservoir is approximately equal to 1Mscf/stb.

Bubble point pressure is the pressure where first bubble formed in the liquid. In this reservoir, as
the drive mechanism identified in the earlier part is gas drive, indicating that the reservoir is a two-
phase reservoir, clearly the reservoir pressure is lower than bubble point pressure. Therefore, the
bubble point of the reservoir can be concluded as 2900psi or any value above 2900psi.

Since there is gas zone and oil zone present in the reservoir, hence the reservoir is undersaturated
as it is not a single-phase reservoir.
Ong Siong Guan (7E4B3535/18057036) Reservoir Engineering Fundamentals Assignment 1

Calculate the recovery factor and comment on whether this value is typical of the drive
mechanism interpreted from the production data.
Recovery Factor can be determined by using Equation 11.
𝑂𝑖𝑙 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑
𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟, 𝑅𝐹 = … Equation 11
𝑂𝑖𝑙 𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝐼𝑛 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒

Applying Equation 11,

𝑂𝑖𝑙 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑
𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟, 𝑅𝐹 = 𝑂𝑖𝑙 𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝐼𝑛 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒

94×106
𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟, 𝑅𝐹 = 272.55×106

𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟, 𝑅𝐹 = 0.345

𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟, 𝑅𝐹 = 34.5%

The typical range of recovery factor for a gas cap drive mechanism is 20% to 40%. A recovery
factor of 34.5% indicates that the reservoir is under gas cap drive mechanism as it fall within the
range of recovery factor for a gas cap drive mechanism.