Formatted: Font color: Text 1

A New DBA Algorithm for Improving the

Performance of Multi-OLT PON in Downstream
Direction

Abstract —In this era of optical communication, the splitter in a time division multiple access manner [4]. For
passive optical network (PON) with multiple optical line improving the bandwidth sharing efficiency, in the multi-OLT
terminals (multi-OLT) will play a vital role for both the PON system, bandwidth allocation in the downstream channel
data and voice communications of multiple service should be dynamic in nature. Because fixed bandwidth
providers. In the downstream data transmission of multi- allocation (FBA) scheme is not efficient in term of bandwidth
OLT PON, the existing algorithms are not effective to utilization [4]. Therefore, to enrich the bandwidth utilization
for downstream direction dynamic bandwidth allocation
allocate the bandwidth for multiple service providers. This
(DBA) algorithm is required. Commented [SS1]: Due to Lack of fairness
paper proposes a new DBA algorithm for downstream
channel of the multi-OLT PON system called fair and In [5, 6], a new DBA algorithm has been proposed for
weight-based bandwidth allocation (FWBA) algorithm. In Multi-OLT PON system. In this Multi-OLT PON, each OLT
the proposed scheme, we have considered a multi-OLT handles data packet of a particular service provider
PON system that combines fiber-to-the-home network independently. This algorithm used different maximum
(FTHN), wireless sensor network (WSN), femto network window size for different service providers that improve
(FN), and cable television . The performances of the bandwidth sharing efficiency. This algorithm improved by
FWBA scheme have been analyzed on the basis of Monir Hossen and Masanori Hanawa later which was known
transmission delay, idle-time as well as traffic handling as adaptive limited DBA (ALDBA) [7]. ALDBA scheme
capacity. The comparative analysis of simulation results provides realistic network traffic mode that support more than
show that the proposed scheme performs better than the one network.
existing scheme. An architecture was proposed for multi-OLT PON which Commented [SS2]: [Need some Numerical value]
was taking multiple uplink wavelengths in upstream [8, 9].
Keywords -– Multi-OLT PON, DBA, FTTH, WSN, FN, The architecture can avoid the requirement of a complicated Formatted: Font: Bold, Do not check spelling or
CATV DBA algorithm to improve the efficiency of bandwidth grammar
sharing and management in the upstream channel. Avobe all
these are concern into upstream transmission of PON system Formatted: Font: Bold, Do not check spelling or
I.INTRODUCTION but now we want to focused into downstream transmission of grammar
PON system.
The passive optical network (PON) system is a key Formatted: Font color: Text 1
technology that enriched quality of services (QoSs) for In downstream transmission, guaranteed limited DBA
multiple service providers connected in a single access (GLDBA) scheme was proposed for multi-OLT PON system
network [1]. For the broadband access network, PON is the [10]. This scheme is the modified version of upstream LBDA
best solution because it is capable for fulfilling the bandwidth scheme that provide services using single network. GLDBA
demand of multiple service providers [2]. In the single optical scheme was improved later that bring flexibility for managing
line terminal (OLT) based PON system, downstream data downstream bandwidth among multiple OLTs. [1]. However
packets are broadcasted to multiple optical network units bandwidth utilization technique is not introduced here.
(ONUs) using the full bandwidth of the channel. That is why, A shared-bandwidth DBA (SBA) scheme was proposed by
in the multi-point control protocol (MPCP) of single OLT Rawshan and Park [11]. In this scheme, the authors solved the
PON system, the data transmission in the downstream drawback of a fixed bandwidth mechanism only for two-OLT
direction is known as point to multi-point network [3]. PON system. For the downstream channel in a multi-OLT
However, in the multi-OLT PON system, a single downstream PON, a dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithm was
channel should be shared by multiple OLTs. Here, each OLT proposed [4]. This algorithm introduced different weight
broadcast data to the corresponding ONUs using passive factors on the basis of bandwidth demands of different users.
A concept named ‘bandwidth-transfer work’ used for
maximizing the efficiency of the DBA algorithm. But this
algorithm was performed in a single network. Beside this the
weight factor introduced was not deterministic and bandwidth
allocation technique was complex here.
In this paper, we propose a new DBA algorithm to solve
the bandwidth allocation problem for downstream
transmission of multi-OLT PON system. The algorithm is
called fair and weight-based bandwidth allocation (FWBA)
algorithm. In this algorithm, downstream bandwidth is fairly
distributed to the OLTs according to the weights of the data
packet of the service providers connected to those OLTs. That
means, the bandwidth allocation of the OLT will be given on
the basis of packet length of the service provider connected to Figure 1. Typical architecture for downstream PON system
that OLT. The proposed DBA algorithm improves the traffic using four OLTs.
handling capacity and reduces the idle-time as well as
transmission delay of the OLTs in multi-OLT PON system.
Performances of the proposed FWBA scheme are evaluated by B. Proposed Method
numerical simulation. From the simulation results it is Formatted: Font color: Text 1
confirmed that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing Before explain proposed method we want to discussed about
scheme in terms of idle-time and end-to-end packet delay. existing that means fixed bandwidth allocation scheme. In
multi OLT PON downstream transmission system total
The rest of the paper is organized in following sections. transmission time cycle are divided among OLTs.
Section I consists of introduction of the paper. In section II,
we explain about the principle of the proposed scheme. According to existing that means fixed bandwidth allocation
Section III presents performance evaluation and simulation scheme the total time cycle are divided among OLTs equally
results. Finally, the paper is concluded in section IV. although all OLTs are not same network as well as containing
different data packet length which is shown in figure 2. In this Commented [SS3]: Change the format
case the lower data required OLTs can’t make proper use of
their assigned time slot and hence time slot will be wastage and
II.NETWORK ARCHITECTURE AND PROPOSED METHOD extra bandwidth are required for higher data required OLTs Formatted: Font color: Text 1
In this section, we provide detail explanation about the cause their assigned time slot are not sufficient for data
network architecture of the downstream multi-OLT PON transmission .
system . Next we discuss about fixed bandwidth allocation
scheme for downstream transmission and finally explain the
proposed DBA scheme for downstream transmission with TOTAL TIME CYCLE ( )
bandwidth allocation technique for multiple OLTs PON
system.
OLT 1 (FTTH) OLT 2 (CATV) OLT 3 (FN) OLT 4 (WSN)
A. Network Architecture 25%T 25%T 25%T 25%T Formatted: Font color: Text 1
Fig.1 shows the typical structure of downstream PON
system. A tree tropology- based hybrid PON consists of four FTTH = 1500 Bytes
ONU Packet
OLTs of different network located on the tree side. The four GUARD CATV = 1500 Bytes
(1-16) FN = 1200 Bytes Length
OLTs consist of FTTH access network, CATV , Frame to BAND WSN = 1000 Bytes
Network (FN) and WSN service provider with different packet
length are multiplexed here. The multiplexed OLTs are
connected to several ONUs, which are located on the leave
portion, through optical fiber links using a 1:16 optical splitter
/combiner . These ONUs are connected with end users and the
number of users is varied time to time. In case of multi-OLT
downstream transmission the time slot that means channel
bandwidth are divided into OLTs and data are transmitted from
OLTs to ONUs using their corresponding bandwidth. For this
reason to achieve bandwidth utilizing efficiency and provide
required bandwidth for all OLTs bandwidth allocation
technique improvement is crying need now-a-days . Figure 2. Time slot division of Downstream transmission
for existing method .

To solving these problem we proposed a dynamic bandwidth

allocation (DBA) algorithm. In proposed method total time
cycle T is divide into four parts for four OLTs according their Here, W_max = maximum bandwidth of each ONU.
packet length . In case of four OLTs of different network data
packet length are different. For FTTH & CATV data length T_cycle = allocated time cycle for each OLT.
1500 bytes , for FN data length 1200 bytes and for WSN data N = No. of ONU.
length 1000 bytes. The time slot are divided among them
respectively 28.28%, 28.85%, 21.1%, 19.2%. which is shown Gt = Guard time.
in figure 3. The algorithm performed by following equations :
Idle time calculation :
𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑅
𝑖𝑓 𝑊 Rftth < 𝑊 𝑚𝑎𝑥
max
TOTAL TIME CYCLE (TCycle) 𝑊𝑓𝑡𝑡ℎ − 𝑊𝑓𝑡𝑡ℎ
𝑇 ftth
𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑙𝑒−𝑓𝑡𝑡ℎ ={ (1)
0, if 𝑊 Rftth ≥ 𝑊 𝑚𝑎𝑥
ftth
OLT 1 (FTTH) OLT 2 (CATV) OLT 3 (FN) OLT 4 (WSN)
28.85%T 28.85%T 23.1%T 19.2%T 𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑅 R 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑇 𝑊catv − 𝑊catv ; 𝑖𝑓 𝑊catv < 𝑊catv
𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑙𝑒−𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑣 ={ R 𝑚𝑎𝑥 (2)
0, ; if 𝑊 catv ≥ 𝑊catv
FTTH = 1500 Bytes
ONU CATV = 1500 Bytes Packet
GUARD
(1-16)
FN = 1200 Bytes Length 𝑇
𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑊𝑓n 𝑅
− 𝑊𝑓n ; 𝑖𝑓 𝑊 Rfn < 𝑊 𝑚𝑎𝑥
fn
BAND WSN = 1000 Bytes 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑙𝑒−𝑓𝑛 ={
0, ; if 𝑊 Rfn ≥ 𝑊 𝑚𝑎𝑥
fn
Figure 3. Time slot division of dDownstream transmission 𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑅 R
𝑊wsn − 𝑊wsn ; 𝑖𝑓 𝑊wsn < 𝑊 𝑚𝑎𝑥
wsn
for proposed method . 𝑊 𝑇𝑖𝑑𝑙𝑒−𝑤𝑠𝑛 = { R
0, ; if 𝑊wsn ≥ 𝑊 𝑚𝑎𝑥
wsn

The time slot division is done by using following equation Total_idle_time = 𝑊 𝑇𝑖𝑑𝑙𝑒−𝑓𝑡𝑡ℎ + 𝑊 𝑇𝑖𝑑𝑙𝑒−𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑣 + 𝑊 𝑇𝑖𝑑𝑙𝑒−𝑓𝑛 +
𝑊 𝑇𝑖𝑑𝑙𝑒−𝑤𝑠𝑛
Total Time cycle:
𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑇 = 𝑇𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥
= 4*𝑊𝑓𝑡𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑎𝑥
+ 4 ∗ 𝑊𝑤𝑠𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑥
+4 ∗ 𝑊𝑓𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑥
+ 4 ∗ 𝑊𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑣 Extra Load calculation ;
𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝐵𝑓𝑡𝑡ℎ = 𝐵𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑣 = 1500𝑏𝑦𝑡𝑒𝑠, R
𝑊𝑓𝑡𝑡ℎ max
− 𝑊𝑓𝑡𝑡ℎ ; 𝑖𝑓 𝑊 Rftth > 𝑊 𝑚𝑎𝑥
ftth
𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝐵𝑓𝑛 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥
1200 𝑏𝑦𝑡𝑒𝑠, 𝐵𝑤𝑠𝑛 = 1000 𝑏𝑦𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑊 𝑇𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎−𝑓𝑡𝑡ℎ = {
0, ; if 𝑊 Rftth ≤ 𝑊 𝑚𝑎𝑥
ftth

𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑚𝑎𝑥

𝐵𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝐵𝑓𝑡𝑡ℎ + 𝐵𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑣 + 𝐵𝑓𝑛 + 𝐵𝑤𝑠𝑛 max
𝑊 R − 𝑊catv 𝑚𝑎𝑥
; 𝑖𝑓 𝑊 Rcatv > 𝑊catv
𝑊 𝑇𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎−𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑣 = { catv
𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑚𝑎𝑥 0, ; if 𝑊 Rcatv ≤ 𝑊 𝑚𝑎𝑥
catv
𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑇𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 × 𝐵𝑓𝑡𝑡ℎ
𝑇𝑓𝑡𝑡ℎ = = 28.85% T R
𝑊𝑓n max
− 𝑊𝑓n ; 𝑖𝑓 𝑊 Rfn > 𝑊 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝐵𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 fn
𝑊 𝑇𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎−𝑓𝑛 = {
𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑚𝑎𝑥 0, ; if 𝑊 Rfn ≤ 𝑊 𝑚𝑎𝑥
fn
𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑇𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 × 𝐵𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑣
𝑇 𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑣 = =28.85% T
𝐵𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑊 R − 𝑊wsn
max R
; 𝑖𝑓 𝑊wsn 𝑚𝑎𝑥
> 𝑊wsn
𝑊 𝑇𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎−𝑤𝑠𝑛 = { wsn
𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑚𝑎𝑥 0, ; if 𝑊 Rwsn ≤ 𝑊 𝑚𝑎𝑥
wsn
𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑇𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 × 𝐵𝑓𝑛
𝑇𝑓𝑛 = = 21.1% T Total_extra = 𝑊 𝑇𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎−𝑓𝑡𝑡ℎ + 𝑊 𝑇𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎−𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑣 + 𝑊 𝑇𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎−𝑓𝑛 +
𝐵𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑊 𝑇𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎−𝑤𝑠𝑛
𝑇𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥
× 𝐵𝑤𝑠𝑛
𝑇 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑤𝑠𝑛 = = 19.2% T
𝐵𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 III.SIMULATION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION Formatted: Font color: Text 1
In every DBA algorithm, the allocation of transmission In this section, we have evaluated the performance of the
windows to the ONUs depends on the requested window size proposed downstream DBA scheme in terms of average packet
W_R and maximum window size W_max . in this scheme the delay, Extra Window time requirement and idle time
maximum window size depends on the allocated time cycle bandwidth utilization. We also have compared these results of
like 𝑇 𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑚𝑎𝑥 the proposed WFBA scheme with existing scheme.
ftth , 𝑇 catv , 𝑇 fn 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇 𝑤𝑠𝑛 respectively FTTH,
CATV, FN and WSN network OLTs. The proposed FWBA scheme used four OLTs containing
The maximum window size is determined by following different packet length and sixteen ONUs with different offer
equation : loads. Furthermore, we assumed that the downstream
transmission speed was 1Gbps total allocated time cycle was 2
W_max = (T_cycle -N*Gt)/N ; ms. MATLAB software is used for the simulation and
uniformly distributed pseudorandom integers command is used 1.14 Formatted: Justified
for random data packets are generation. FWBA (2 ms)
DBA (2 ms)
1.04

Delay (ms)
0.94

0.84
Simulation parameters are summaries in following Table I.
In this section, we have evaluated the performance of the
proposed downstream DBA scheme in terms of average 0.74
packet delay and bandwidth utilization. We also have 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
compared these results of the proposed DBA scheme with Packet Load
existing FBA scheme.
1.2
TABLE I. SIMULATION PARAMETERS
DBA (T=2ms) FBA (T= 2ms)

Symbol Description Value 1.1

Number of OLT 4
Delay (ms)

N Number of ONUs 16 1

Tcycle Lengths of cycle times 1 -3 ms

TG Guard time 5 µs 0.9
Ru Transmission speed 1 Gbps
TE Length of Ethernet overhead 576 bits
0.8
TR Length of Report message 304 bits
L1 Packet length for FTTH 1500 bytes
L2 Packet length for CATV 1500 bytes 0.7
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
L3 Packet length for FN 1200 bytes
L4 Packet length for WSN 1000 bytes Packet Load
k Maximum number of packets 10 (a)
Figure .4(b) show the comparison of extra time requirement
Formatted: Justified
vs offered loads for 2 ms time cycle between the existing and
proposed FWBA scheme for transmission speed 1 Gbps.. The
Figure 4(a) shows the comparison of average packet delay vs FWBA provide better result than the existing method for extra Formatted: Normal, Justified, Space After: 8 pt, Line
offered loads between the existing and proposed FWBA window requirement purpose for the different offer load. No spacing: Multiple 1.08 li
scheme for transmission speed 1 Gbps. The simulation result extra time requirement for the offer loads 0 to 0.4 and 0 to 0.5
shows that the average packet delay is decreases for FWBA for existing scheme and FWBA scheme respectively. When
scheme than existing scheme. In case of 16 ONUs for the offer the offer loads exceed 0.5 both existing and FWBA scheme
load 0.5 and 1.0 , the maximum delay for existing FBA have extra time requirement. But the simulation result shows
scheme are 0.87 ms and 1.12ms respectively , on the other that, the needed extra time requirement is decreases for
hand the maximum delay for proposed FWBA scheme are FWBA scheme than existing. The FWBA scheme reduce the
0.78 ms and 1.03 ms respectively. The FWBA provide better required extra time 17.6% and 62.5% than existing scheme
result than existing method for average delay purpose. for the offer load 1.0 and 0.6 respectively. Formatted: Font: (Default) +Body (Calibri)
 offered loads. Moreover, the proposed scheme also provides Formatted: Font: 8 pt, Small caps, Not Expanded by /
better downstream bandwidth utilization by reducing extra Condensed by
window time requirement and idle time compared to the
existing scheme for any acceptable range of the simulation
parameters.
In future we want to improve the proposed FWBA scheme
for different transmission time cycle.
In this paper, we have proposed a new DBA algorithm to
improving the performance of the bandwidth utilization
efficiency for downstream PON system. This paper also
evaluates and compares the performance of the proposed
scheme with the existing FBA scheme in terms of the packet
(b) transmission delay, extra time required and idle time
Figure .4(c) show the comparison of idle time vs offered utilization. From the simulation results we can confirm that the
proposed DBA scheme have less delay than the existing FBA
loads for 2 ms time cycle between the existing and proposed Formatted: Font color: Text 1
FWBA scheme for transmission speed 1 Gbps. The FWBA scheme for both the cases of average and maximum delay for
provide better result than the existing method for extra
the offered load. Moreover, the proposed scheme also provides Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman, 10 pt
better downstream bandwidth utilization compared to the
window requirement purpose for the different offer load. No
existing scheme for any length of the time cycle and any Formatted: List Paragraph, Justified, Numbered +
idle time remain for the offer loads 0 to 0.4 for the both acceptable range of the simulation parameters. Level: 1 + Numbering Style: 1, 2, 3, … + Start at: 1 +
existing and FWBA scheme. When the offer loads exceed 0.4 Alignment: Left + Aligned at: 0.19" + Indent at: 0.44",
both existing and FWBA scheme have idle time. But the Don't adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Don't
simulation result shows that, the idle time is decreases for adjust space between Asian text and numbers
FWBA scheme than existing. The FWBA scheme reduce the
idle time 7.4% and 10% than existing scheme for the offer V.REFERENCES Formatted: Font: (Default) Times New Roman
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