STUDY OF PROJECTS BY BILL AND MELINDA

FOUNDATION

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS

FOR
MASTER OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (MMS)
2017 – 2019

SUBMITTED BY
VIREN B KHATRI
ROLL NO.: M-17-24

PROJECT GUIDE
PROF. GAZIA SAYED

IES MANAGEMENT COLLEGE AND RESEARCH CENTRE

BANDRA (W), MUMBAI
 IES Management College and Research Centre
Bandra (W), Mumbai

Declaration

I hereby declare that this report, submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
award of Select your course, to IES Management College and Research Centre is my
original work and not used anywhere for award of any degree or diploma or fellowship or
for similar titles or prizes.

I further certify that without any objection or condition, subject to the permission of the
company where I did my management project, I grant the rights to IES Management
College and Research Centre to publish any part of the project, if they deem fit in
journals/Magazines and newspapers etc without my permission.

Place: Mumbai _______________________

Date: 28/06/2019 Signature
Viren B Khatri
Select your course M-17-24

i
 IES Management College and Research Centre,
Mumbai

Certificate from the Guide

This is to certify that the project titled Click here to enter text. has been submitted in
partial fulfilment for the award of Select your course, 2017 – 2019 of IES
Management College and Research Centre, is a result of the bonafide project work
carried out by Mr. Viren B Khatri under the supervision and guidance of Prof. Gazia
Sayed
No part of this report has been submitted for the award of any other degree, diploma,
fellowship or other similar titles or prizes. The work has also not been published in
any journals/ Magazines.

--------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------
-
Guide: Prof. Gazia Sayed Director: Dr. Dinesh D. Harsolekar
Place: Mumbai Place: Mumbai
Date: 04/04/2019 Date:

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 Acknowledgements

I am using this opportunity to express my gratitude to everyone who supported me

throughout the course of this MBA project. I am thankful for their aspiring guidance,
invaluably constructive criticism and friendly advice during the project work. I am sincerely
grateful to them for sharing their truthful and illuminating views on a number of issues
related to the project.

I would like to thank my seniors and managers in office who have helped my guide
throughout this project and giving their feedback on improvising upon the content and the
quality of project.

I would also like to thank my project faculty guide Prof. Gazia Sayed who gave me an
opportunity to work on this project and all the people who provided me with the facilities
being required and conductive conditions for my MBA project.

Sincerely,

Viren B Khatri

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Table of Contents
Executive Summary _____________________________________________________ 1
Chapter 1 _____________________________________________________________ 2
1.1. Introduction to the Industry ____________________________________________ 2
1.2. Introduction to the Project _____________________________________________ 4
Chapter 2 _____________________________________________________________ 5
2.1 Literature Review ________________________________________________________ 5
Chapter 3 ____________________________________________________________ 11
3.1 Research Methodology ___________________________________________________ 11
3.2 Scope and Limitations ___________________________________________________ 11
Chapter 4 ____________________________________________________________ 12
4.1 Data Analysis & Findings ________________________________________________ 12
Chapter 5 ____________________________________________________________ 26
5.1 Conclusions ____________________________________________________________ 26
5.2 Recommendations ______________________________________________________ 27
References____________________________________________________________ 28
Annexures ____________________________________________________________ 29

List of figures:
Figure 1 Key Stats ................................................................................................................ 13
Figure 2 Sub units of Bill & Melinda Foundation ............................................................... 14
Figure 3 Sanitation Value Chain .......................................................................................... 17
Figure 4 Africans trained to use e-Libraries ....................................................................... 21
Figure 5 Improving the Agriculture yields........................................................................... 22
Figure 6 Financial summary ................................................................................................ 25
Figure 7 Worldwide Presence .............................................................................................. 25
Figure 8 Funding Areas in 2017 .......................................................................................... 29
Figure 9 Financial Budget ................................................................................................... 29
Figure 10 Global Development expenditure ........................................................................ 30
Figure 11 Global Health expenditure .................................................................................. 30
Figure 12 Global Growth & Opprtunity .............................................................................. 31
Figure 13 US division .......................................................................................................... 31
Figure 14 Global Policy & Advocacy expenditure .............................................................. 32

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 Executive Summary

The project is fully based on how Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has grown out
of small dream which was envisioned by both Bill and Melinda Gates. How giving
small gifts to society and thereby making earth a best place to live is all conveyed
through the projects carried out by the Foundation.

Warren buffet being a CEO of a giant company Berkshire Hathaway, contributed

towards the foundation if his terms and conditions were satisfied. And he became a
third member of the foundation

This project entails how the foundation established in US, saw a dream to improve
billion lives. They soon targeted areas like Africa, Middle East and Asia.

India and China being very thickly populated countries in the world had their own
challenges. More the population more is the fund required and more the poverty
prevails. Hence government single handed cannot handle those weaker section of the
society and hence there is a need of Non-governmental Organizations like Bill and
Melinda Foundations.

Bihar and Uttar Pradesh being one of the slowest growing states in the country require
the maximum help and hence various projects were launched keeping in mind
objectives of central and state government. And it is through innovation and use of
technology which has made difference in lives of people and overall growth of the
country as a whole

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 Chapter 1
1.1. Introduction to the Industry
Every company having net worth of rupees five hundred crore or more, or
turnover of rupees one thousand crore or more or a net profit of rupees five
crore or more during any financial year shall constitute a Corporate Social
Responsibility Committee of the Board consisting of three or more directors,
out of which at least one director shall be an independent director.

The Board's report under sub-section (3) of section 134 shall disclose the
composition of the Corporate Social Responsibility Committee.

The Corporate Social Responsibility Committee shall,—

(a) Formulate and recommend to the Board, a Corporate Social

Responsibility Policy which shall indicate the activities to be undertaken by
the company as specified in Schedule VII;

(b) Recommend the amount of expenditure to be incurred on the activities

referred to in clause (a); and

(c) Monitor the Corporate Social Responsibility Policy of the company from
time to time.

The Board of every company referred shall,—

(a) after taking into account the recommendations made by the Corporate
Social Responsibility Committee, approve the Corporate Social
Responsibility Policy for the company and disclose contents of such Policy
in its report and also place it on the company's website, if any, in such manner
as may be prescribed; and

(b) Ensure that the activities as are included in Corporate Social

Responsibility Policy of the company are undertaken by the company.

The Board of every company, shall ensure that the company spends, in every
financial year, at least two per cent of the average net profits of the company
made during the three immediately preceding financial years, in pursuance of
its Corporate Social Responsibility Policy:

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Provided that the company shall give preference to the local area and areas
around it where it operates, for spending the amount earmarked for Corporate
Social Responsibility activities:

Provided further that if the company fails to spend such amount, the Board
shall, in its report made under clause (o) of sub-section (3) of section 134,
specify the reasons for not spending the amount.

Explanation.—for the purposes of this section “average net profit” shall be

calculated in accordance with the provisions of section 198.

(Ministry of Corporate Affairs, n.d.)

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1.2. Introduction to the Project
Bill and Melinda foundation, a philanthropic arm of Microsoft. The
foundation has been formed to tackle some of the toughest challenges faced
around the world. These challenges are extreme poverty and poor health in
some developing countries around the world. It has been observed that the
education system has been a failure in US, and hence it has been also a
challenge for them. There is a famous belief by founders stating that “All
lives have equal value”.

Foundation has very well used technology in unique way to improve quality
of life and thereby giving an opportunity to people to get an access to basic
needs of life and also improving health status.

Apart from basic needs they have also concentrated on primary education by
making people aware about impact of having education and how it leads to a
better life.

They have not restricted themselves to only few areas but have also tried to
innovate by helping farmers. They have made them educate about how to
improve the yield of the crop and how to grow more crop with use of new
technology.

They have worked on few deadly diseases and have found new tools to
prevent those. E.g. like diabetes has been a deadly disease in India and has
also been a challenge for developing countries like India. Also, there has been
several treatments to tackle deadly disease caused by Ebola Virus in Africa.

They believe that few projects they fund would fail, but their aim is to extend
their philanthropic service which even governments and businesses aren’t
able to provide.

The purpose of this study is to understand how the philanthropic services

provided by Foundation have impacted and improved the quality of life

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 Chapter 2
2.1 Literature Review
1. The Evolution of the System of Rice Intensification as a Socio-
Technical Phenomenon: A Report to the Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundation

This document reports the findings and conclusions of a short exploratory

study into the emergence, spread and impacts of the System of Rice
Intensification (SRI). SRI is a crop management system that has been depicted
as a more productive and more ecologically sustainable method for cultivating
rice. It is said to be particularly appropriate, accessible and beneficial for poor
and marginal farmers because it can achieve substantial increases in
productivity and grain yield without the need for improved seeds or chemical
inputs. It has also been reported that SRI methods can produce much higher
yields while consuming much less water. These claims have provoked
controversy among some scientists.

With the goal of moving the debates about SRI forward, this research project
was designed to evaluate the current state of knowledge about the origins,
spread and impacts of SRI, to examine the mechanisms and processes that have
helped to spread the system internationally, and to identify key knowledge
gaps. The project has made several useful advances. First, the report shows
that SRI was shaped not only by close observation of rice plants, but also by
the resource-constrained setting of Madagascar during the 1970s and 1980s,
where the system was originally developed. In particular, it was designed to
suit the capacities of poor and marginal Malagasy farmers and their agro-
ecological and institutional context.

Second, our review of literature on the biophysical mechanisms involved in

SRI and studies on the adoption and impacts of the system has made progress
identifying areas of knowledge that are fairly well established and the many
areas where gaps in knowledge remain. Third, there is a dearth of detailed and
reliable information on the international spread of SRI. Fourth, it is clear that
the adoption of SRI methods is associated with quite substantial changes in
allocations of inputs, especially labour, water and fertilizer. These include

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changes to the temporal distribution of labour demand and the gender division
of labour. The available literature allows few firm conclusions to be drawn
regarding the impacts of these changes, which theoretically may be positive or
negative for different households or groups. Finally, substantial variations
have been found in the ways that SRI is specified in different locations and in
the scientific literature compared to grey literature. Further research will be
required to make sense of these patterns....

SRI raises important questions about the connections between agricultural

research and agricultural development, the mobilization of social and
professional networks, the exploitation of scientific knowledge,
communication networks, and learning processes. The report concludes by
identifying a range of questions and proposing an integrated, interdisciplinary
research approach for making further progress in the understanding of this
important phenomenon.

(Berkhout & Glover, 2011)

2. How Can Bill and Melinda Gates Increase Other People’s Donations
to Fund Public Goods?

We develop a simple theory which formally describes how charities can

resolve the information asymmetry problems faced by small donors by
working with large donors to generate quality signals. To test the model, we
conducted two large-scale natural field experiments. In the first experiment, a
charity focusing on poverty reduction solicited donations from prior donors
and either announced a matching grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates
Foundation, or made no mention of a match. In the second field experiment,
the same charity sent direct mail solicitations to individuals who had not
previously donated to the charity, and tested whether naming the Bill and
Melinda Gates Foundation as the matching donor was more effective than not
identifying the name of the matching donor. The first experiment demonstrates
that the matching grant condition generates more and larger donations relative
to no match. The second experiment shows that providing a credible quality
signal by identifying the matching donor generates even more and larger
donations than not naming the matching donor. Importantly, the treatment

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effects persist long after the matching period, and the quality signal is quite
heterogeneous — the Gates’ effect is much larger for prospective donors who
had a record of giving to “poverty-oriented” charities. These two pieces of
evidence support our model of quality signals as a key mechanism through
which matching gifts inspire donors to give.

(Karlan & List, 2012)

Innovation

Innovative behavior follows from human‟s intrinsic motivation to improve

tried ways of doing things.

Innovation is often seen as the process of turning an invention into practice,

whether this is in way of a new product or new practices. For this to happen a
prospective innovator (a firm, individual or other agent) will need to “(...)
combine several types of knowledge, capabilities, skills and resources”
(Fagerberg, 2005, p. 5). Furthermore, innovations should not be treated as a
homogenous thing, but rather more dynamic and lengthy process (Fagerberg,
2005). An innovation can be defined or identified by the newness of the idea,
practice or object where it is introduced, rather than whether or not it is a whole
new concept to the world (Slappendel, 1996)

Innovation in this paper is defined in its broadest terms, thus; any new
products, processes and ideas applied to global health spending, research
funding and innovation or distribution of products. Such a definition of
innovation is useful in terms of global health in particular, because significant
innovations can come in the form of new institutional setups, just as well as
the invention of new drugs or other interventions.

Innovation in Non-Profit Organization

Foundations belong under the umbrella of non-profit organizations (together

with clubs and cooperative associations, among others). Historically, the
focus of innovation studies has primarily been on private-for profit
organizations (Zimmermann, 1999). In this paper, just as in Zimmermann, the
assumption is that non-profit organizations (NPOs) also play a significant role
in the economy, specifically in innovating new products for low revenue

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markets in the developing world, as with for example drug discoveries and
distribution of new products.

Zimmermann claims that although there has been little research done on the
effects of innovation outside the private sector, the other large sectors, such as
that of NPOs and the public sector also play an important role in promoting the
well being of the individual, which is „the final objective of all economic
activity‟, and as such deserves to be carefully analyzed. Zimmermann‟s article
considers the general role of innovation in NPOs in the German case, but its
findings are relevant to innovation in foundations in the global health field,
nonetheless. As the article is concerned with the role of innovation in high
income countries it is assumed that there are no constraints on the availability
of capital or labor, making the combination of new products and processes ,
hence innovation, the factor that allows the economy to move ahead of
competing economies(Zimmermann, 1999). While the assumptions about
limitless capital and labor is unrealistic in the global health field, the
conclusion that innovation can be a significant driving force is certainly of
importance, perhaps particularly because funding is still scarce. Zimmermann
also assumes that innovation can attract „the necessary factors of production‟,
in his case, from inside or outside the country in question. In global health the
same principle could be true, for example if innovation can create new markets
for therapeutics. The significance of foundations in the global health field(as
an example of NPOs) is underscored by multiple articles(Kickbusch, 2000;
McCoy, Chand, & Sridhar, 2009; McCoy, Kembhavi, Patel, & Luintel, 2009;
NKCHS, 2010; Walt & Buse, 2000).

In the same article Zimmermann discusses how NPOs could through

innovation and growth bridge the gap left by a public sector rendered
increasingly impotent by the effects of globalization which have limited the
political freedom of action of countries. The extent to which this is true in the
global health field is hard to asses, as, paradoxically, the globalization can be
seen as one of the reasons for the growing involvement of foundations in global
health

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It has been assumed that the NPO sector has been less efficient as it lacks
incentive in form of profits; however, Zimmermann states that many modern
NPOs are “characterized by a strong motivation, freedom of ideas and
competition among ideas”. In terms of environmental factors, borrowing from
Zimmermann, I assume that „lack of finances, the degree of competition, the
possibility of protecting from the risk of innovation etc‟ is of importance for
innovation in a foundation. As foundations lack the profit making incentive
Zimmermann mentions personal and social acknowledgement as such an
incentive. Since foundations are otherwise lacking in extrinsic incentive it
needs to be substituted by an intrinsic incentive. The extent to which this is
relevant to the unit of analysis in this thesis will be discussed later.

According to Zimmermann NPOs are engaged in different fields of activities.

The fields of activities can be defined in terms of output which is to a degree
determined by the mission of the organization. Outputs can vary from
production of public goods, private goods to advocacy and others. The types
of output that a foundation wants to see should therefore strongly influence
what it chooses to fund.

In this context it is natural to ask: How does the Gates Foundation fund science,
technology and innovation?

Zimmermann (1999) states that it is simple to discern who the innovating

person is, both in private and non-profit organization; that is, in Schumpeterian
terms the entrepreneur. However, the foundation is complex with many levels
of decision making. It should be noted that the individualist perspective of
innovation has been criticized. While entrepreneurs are important this
perspective might be simplistic as it assumes that innovative ideas originate
with, and are developed by one individual. Other studies have emphasized the
importance of leaders and elite groups for innovation in
organizations(Slappendel, 1996). It seems likely that innovations in a
foundation could stem from multiple sources before they are integrated as new
ideas into the organization. Cooperation and communication with recipient
organizations, recipient countries, supra-national institutions, other NGOs, or
ideas from people living with diseases could all lead to innovation, as well as

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intra-organizational communication. Due to the complexity of the global
health arena and the foundations working within it, it seems that a system
perspective that focuses “(...) on the workings of the linkages of the system”
(Fagerberg, 2005 p13) is more pertinent for the purpose of this thesis than the
individualistic approach.

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 Chapter 3

3.1 Research Methodology

The research conducted for this study is truly a secondary one. Data is
extracted from the facts and figures that the foundation publishes either
through annual reports or through annual letters.

Research Design

This is a purely a qualitative research and it is a descriptive type of research

where data has been taken from different sources in order to study different
projects and initiatives taken by the foundation to make a change in the life
of people.

3.2 Scope and Limitations

The scope of project is limited to only few projects undertaken the foundation
and does not cover every details that a project should entail.

Also there is no primary research undertaken and hence the opinion are also
secondary. They are the views of the foundation and of different researchers
who have undergone primary research through interviews.

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 Chapter 4

4.1 Data Analysis & Findings

Before starting with detailed description of the projects and all initiatives taken
by Bill and Melinda foundation, one should have a look at the history.

History

It all starts with the feeling that one has “to give something back to the society”.
And both Bill Gates and Melinda French had the same belief which that “if the
life happens to bless you, one should use those gifts very wisely as one can”.

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), previously branded as the 'William
H. Gates Foundation', is a private foundation founded by Bill and Melinda
Gates. Based in Seattle, Washington, it was launched in 2000 and is reported
to be the largest private foundation in the world, holding $50.7 billion in assets.
The primary aims of the foundation are, globally, to enhance healthcare and
reduce extreme poverty, and, in the U.S., to expand educational opportunities
and access to information technology. The foundation is controlled by its three
trustees: Bill and Melinda Gates, and Warren Buffett. Other principal officers
include Co-Chair William H. Gates, Sr. and Chief Executive Officer Susan
Desmond-Hellmann.

Warren Buffett contributed to the foundation approximately 10 million

Berkshire Hathaway Class B shares which was approximately $5 Billion.

(Wikipedia)

1997

There was a profound impact on the thought process of Bill and Melinda when
they saw millions of children mal-nourished and on the verge of dying. This
was a worst thing that a mankind can ever see in their life.

They also started with their own library with free internet access with a dream
of personal computing for everyone and everywhere.

And thus in 1997 it was a first visit for Bill Gates in India. There he volunteered
towards administering oral polio vaccine to kids.

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1998

It was first Global initiative taken by foundations towards gifting families

through proper vaccine program PATH (Program for Appropriate Technology
in Health).

1999

The foundation joins Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations (GAVI)
which ensures that there very high access to vaccinations globally. And it was
forecasted that GAVI will provides various lifesaving vaccines to millions of
children over 70 developing countries.

The Gates Millennium Scholars Program was established with the goal of
increasing number of minority students who get an advanced degree.

2000 – 2009

This was a crucial phase for the foundations. In 2000, they implemented their
first project of giving a free access of internet to public libraries. But at the
same time they also realized that there is a need of giving more attention to
global health and hence they started saving lives of people around the world.

Figure 1 Key Stats

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The Bill and Melinda Foundation has predominantly worked with thousands
of partners in India, Africa, Europe, South America and in United States.
(Gates Foundation)

Bill &Melinda
Gates
Foundation

Global Global Policy & Global Growth

Global Health United States
Development Advocacy & Opportunity
Division Division
Division Division Division

Figure 2 Sub units of Bill & Melinda Foundation

Global Development Division

The main objective of this division is to combat extreme poverty.
There have been many areas where the division has worked in order to remove
people from extreme poverty. They are:
 Gates Cambridge Scholarship
 Financial Assistance
 Agricultural Development
 Water, Sanitation and hygiene
Gates Cambridge Scholarship

Cambridge being one of the renowned universities in the world has always
attracted wealthy and affluent students from around the world. Seeing this
pattern over the years had made Bill Gates think.

There are many students in US who are highly capable of joining the institute
but are not financially well off. This is a biggest impediment towards the
progress and finding true talents across the world and also in USA.

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Hence in October 2000, William Gates established a scholarship program
which gives an opportunity for students across the world to be a part of such a
big university.

Over the years foundation has continued to contribute funds and have made it
highly competitive and largest endowment fund in the world. It is one of the
highly demanded scholarship because only 0.3% students get it.

Financial Assistance

The foundation has supported countries through various initiatives to help the
bottom layer of society by bringing them into main stream of the society.

This is mainly done through financial inclusion.

Generally, the poverty is such a biggest enemy that it deprives people from
getting the privileges that they ought to get.

When talking about banking services or getting advantage of any particular

scheme, the middleman is one who takes away the maximum benefit and
nothing ever reaches the actual beneficiary.

Thus Micro Finance plays an important role. Also certain government benefits
like Direct Transfer Benefit (DTB) plays and important role in bringing those
under privileged into the main stream.

Thus foundation has helped in granting $35 million, which supports many
developing countries by creating savings account, insurance and other
financial services by making them available to people earning even less than
$2 per day.

Foundation has also granted a sum money to conduct field research and answer
the questions of the citizens of impoverished countries.

A $1.5 million grant allows Grameen Foundation to approve more microloans

that support Grameen's goal of helping five million additional families, and
successfully freeing 50 percent of those families from poverty within five
years.

Agricultural Development

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Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) has also contributed towards
keeping a constant supply in order to meet the rising demand of the world.

In one such case BMGF has granted International Rice Research Institute
$19.9 million and have given them a challenge to come up with a research
wherein a new variety of rice can be produced in order to achieve a challenge
in future two decades.

The challenge is to increase production of rice by nearly 70% in order to meet

demand of the world in next two decades.

And International Rice Research Institute came up with a new variety named
Golden Rice, with a better nutritional value in order to combat Vitamin A
deficiency.

BMGF has also initiated a new program named Alliance for a Green
Revolution in Africa (AGRA) in which it has joined hands with Rockefeller
foundation.

Hence BMGF has taken various steps when it comes to taking Agriculture to
a next level.

Water, sanitation and hygiene

Water, Sanitation and hygiene initiative (WASH) was just launched just for
learning perspective but later became a Full Fledged program.

This was just an experiment conducted with an aim of giving poor people an
access to sustainable sanitation services.

The effort was towards providing a non-piped sanitation services without any
use of sewer. Also the water requirement is very less.

This initiative by taken because the government was not taking imitative
towards sewage construction and improvising upon sanitation.

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 Figure 3 Sanitation Value Chain

The foundation has taken the issue of sanitation very gravely because there
have been widespread diseases due to the infection caused. The sanitation was
a major problem in parts of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.

Open defecation has been a biggest problem and India is one of the country
with huge population which does not have an access to proper sanitation
facility and hence Foundation has sponsored my Organizations in India who
have continuously working to improve the status of sanitation in India.

Foundation has actively participated in using technology to improve sanitation

under “Reinvent the toilet challenge” where the technology like “omni
processor” helps in converting Excreta into a beneficial product such as energy
or into manure used for improving the nutrient quality of soil and thus linking
it with improvement in Agricultural yield.

There have been many research centers and institute which have been working
on improving upon the sanitation and have been granted a money to make see
the vision which the foundation had seen.

The division has also many contributions to charity during many catastrophic
events like terrorist attack, earthquake and during outbreak of Ebola Virus in
West Africa.

Global Health Division

The funds allocated and donated across the globally are mainly to fight against
few deadly diseases like AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria.

The foundation has mainly concentrated on diseases of the poor like Malaria
being an important disease to fight against. Many institutions and research

17
centers are being sponsored to come out with new means and ways to tackle
this disease.

Also the deaths from Measles have dropped my 90% since 2000.

It has been seen that the number of highly trained doctors were very few in
West Africa and thus Gates have taken an initiative known as “brain-drain”
which adds to the skill of existing doctors and thus training them in a better
way to tackle these diseases. It has also been observed that there have been
many training sessions which have been conducted in order to meet the goals
of the foundation.

Also, concentrating on few diseases has changed the basic needs for nutrition
and have improved upon overall health of the community.

There has been many sessions conducted by foundation in order to increase the
need of vaccination. Making people aware of such deadly diseases and how it
can be a preventive measure to tackle diseases through vaccination.

There have been many special grants like:

 In 2006, foundation provided $86 million as the fund attempting to

eradicate portfolio
 GAVI alliance was also given various funds which amounted to around
$750 million.
 Children’s vaccine program, run by Program for Appropriate
Technology in Health (PATH) also received donation of $27 million to
help vaccinate children against Japanese encephalitis.
 There have been many funds given for the HIV research and have been
shared by 16 research organizations across the world with a shared
objective of fighting against this disease

(Wikipedia)

There foundation also concentrated on health of baby and mother. This was
a very chronic problem in 1990s. So, their aim was to ensure that mother
and child remain healthy after and before delivery and also during delivery.

18
As the stats says that the number of maternal deaths between 1990 and
2015 have dropped by 44 percentage. Still 800 women die every day due
to various medical problems like severe bleeding, infection, high blood
pressure, and complications during delivery.

New-born constitutes around 46 percent of total infant mortality rate and

their survival highly depends on survival of mother.

Implementation of proven and cost effective interventions has led to

improvement in health of both new born and mother in last decade or so.

United States Division

This division is specially created in order to tackle various problems and

challenges that arise in USA.

In USA, the grants have been provided in order to have a planned

parenthood by avoiding abortion and encouraging use of contraption have
led to a better family planning. They have also shifted to global perspective
and are concentrating on developed countries where the problem is much
more severe as compared to developing countries.

People now have enough access to different e-sources as well as free

internet services which has drastically not only changed the life of common
people but has also impacted certain start-ups which lacked enough
funding from government.

Also, education has been a key focus for improving life of people in USA.
First of all there has been a endowment fund for people getting access to
further studies. Different scholarships like Gates Cambridge Scholarship
which has been for several good students who do not have an ability to pay
their fees.

Also there have been many scholarships and funding related to the field of
science and technology, which further gives an exposure to Computer
Science.

(Wikipedia)

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Discovery Center

People have started making difference and have been changing the world
in an extraordinary way.

This is only possible with proper mentoring and sessions. Thus BMGF
have inspired people to work towards betterment of all and how to tackle
challenges in life.

Here, there is also a mentoring on how people are changing lives and
making it a better place to live. Hence it is through innovation and changing
technology which has improved and enriched lives of people.

It is often said that youth play a very important role in shaping the
economic development of any country. Nowadays, they are been used as
yardstick to measure the rate at which growth can take place.

Hence it is very important to imbibe the feeling of giving back to society

inside youth. Hence, through discovery centers youths are taking a great
interest in volunteering by participating into different activities and being
a part of mentorship program.

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Country-wise impact on poverty

The foundation has its presence in 5 to 6 major economics of the world

which includes:

 Africa
 China
 Europe
 India
 Middle East

Africa

Africa has been a country with rich resources at the same time many
challenges. They are focused in this continent and are working with
government very closely. They have been concentrating on Academia, the
private sector and civil society to transform the continent as a whole and
making it a better place to live

Figure 4 Africans trained to use e-Libraries

The foundation is mainly focused on 10 countries in Africa. They have
been supporting government in varied areas which emphasizes health and
nutrition; disease prevention, treatment, and research; water, sanitation,

21
and hygiene; agriculture; financial services for the poor; and policy and
advocacy.

China

China has achieved remarkable success in addressing health inequity and

poverty over the past decades. Its domestic reforms, increasing global
engagement and emerging capacity for innovation only serve to reinforce
China’s potential as a catalyst for development worldwide.

Figure 5 Improving the Agriculture yields

Since the inauguration of our China office in 2007, we have been focused
on unlocking that potential in a way that benefits China and the rest of the
world. In working towards this goal, we continue to support China in
overcoming domestic challenges, leverage China’s growing innovation
capacity to supply high-quality, affordable health products to those in need,
and assist China in becoming a stronger partner for global health and
development.

(Gates Foundation)

China has been a super economy but have also lacked in few areas. Like
large portion of their population in lower-Middle class. This was an
obstruction for China towards its development.

22
BMGF has actively worked towards various aspects in order to improve
the standard of living. They have lifted around 700 million people from
abject poverty. They have been a thorough role model for many other
countries.

India

India is one of the fastest developing economy and its maximum

population lives in rural area. Hence it is an opportunity for Foundation to
make lives better. In states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Orissa where the
growth rate is very low are the target states for the foundation.

Bihar and Uttar Pradesh have a combined population of around 300 million
people. These states are burdened with disease and there are
disproportionate needs that the government is working on.

Bihar, one of the densely populated state which is showing growth in recent
years. But still it is one of the country’s poorest states.

The biggest challenges faced is in the field of healthcare and it becomes

even harder to reach people because around 90% of 104 million people live
in rural areas.

In 2010 there was a partnership with the government focusing on women

and child care. The mission named Ananya (Hindi word for “Unique) was
launched to work on private sector and community organizations to serve
many health related issues. It includes sanitation, child immunization,
nutrition, family planning and controlling infectious diseases.

Ananya’s goal is in synchronization with the state government’s target. Its

aim is to meet national health target and to contribute towards making
India’s progress towards the relevant millennium goal.

Ananya focus in Bihar has been on 4 key aspect:

 Improving the skills and knowledge of community health workers

 Strengthening the ability of primary care facilities to provide
services to women and children

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  Improving the quality of services provided by private clinics and
hospitals
 Expanding the role of women’s self-help groups and community
organizations in encouraging good health practices

Uttar Pradesh is also one among slowest growing economy of the nation.
Hence in 2012, after launch of partnership with Bihar to improve maternal
and child health, a similar kind of project was proposed for Uttar Pradesh
too. The problems here are somewhat similar but different like maternal
mortality rate is 50 percent higher than the national average.

The state has been poor on various other parameters too like child
mortality, malnutrition, immunization rates and access to family planning.

Our work in Uttar Pradesh aims to reach mothers in places where they
already receive care, either through the public health system or private
providers. We collaborate with government and nonprofit partners to test
and refine approaches to improving facility care, training community
health workers, expanding delivery of proven interventions, improving
healthcare management and oversight, and expanding private-sector
delivery of primary care. We are also working to develop a monitoring and
evaluation system for public health, with the goal of improving healthcare
delivery.

(Key Regions (Bihar and UP))

The public health

24
Figure 6 Financial summary

Figure 7 Worldwide Presence

25
 Chapter 5
5.1 Conclusions
After studying this report I conclude that poverty is the biggest enemy of
Humans as said by Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam. Hence fighting against it is a
biggest challenge.

The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has been working very diligently
over last 2 decades to improve the lives across whole globe.

Being a philanthropic arm of one of the biggest fortune 10 companies of the

world which is predominantly into technology and has been transforming
lives of people using technology.

Countries like India and Africa, have large population living in rural area. But
the challenges are different in both the countries. India being one of the fastest
growing economy in the world and Africa being one of the slowest.

It is very clear from the above study that India is overflowing with ambition
and innovation. If all the innovators from every sector come together to make
maximum out of the situation by using their special skillset to the mix, in
order to achieve the aim at faster rate.

It is also important that the government and local Non-Government

Organization contribute towards development of society and also to achieve
the same dream that the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has seen.

The idea of giving back to society has not only just helped but also has made
life worth of people living across the globe.

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5.2 Recommendations
This is a study project conducted on a Corporate Social Responsibility and
hence the project describes various projects being undertaken by the
foundation.

After studying the different aspects of foundation and thereby coming to

know how this foundation has transforms millions of life across the globe.
This Philanthropic work is worth it and one can expand this project to get
more detailed knowledge of how challenges were converted into
opportunities and further one can conduct a primary research in areas of Bihar
and Uttar Pradesh.

27
 References

(n.d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

(n.d.). Retrieved from Gates Foundation: https://www.gatesfoundation.org/Who-We-

Are/General-Information/History

(n.d.). Retrieved from Gates Foundation: https://www.gatesfoundation.org/Where-We-

Work/China-Office

(n.d.). Retrieved from Key Regions (Bihar and UP):

https://www.gatesfoundation.org/Where-We-Work/India-Office/Key-Regions

28
 Annexures

Figure 8 Funding Areas in 2017

Figure 9 Financial Budget

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Figure 10 Global Development expenditure

Figure 11 Global Health expenditure

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Figure 12 Global Growth & Opprtunity

Figure 13 US division

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 Figure 14 Global Policy & Advocacy expenditure

HOW WE WORK WITH THE FIELD

The issues we engage in are wildly disparate, but they share the characteristics of being
deeply rooted, dynamic, and complex. None will be solved easily and quickly, and
none will be solved through our efforts alone.

We do all of our work in collaboration with grantees and other partners, who join with
us in taking risks, pushing for new solutions, and harnessing the transformative power
of science and technology. We strive to engage with our grantees and partners in a
spirit of trust, candid communication, and transparency. Our collective efforts also
depend on the support and resources of governments, the private sector, communities,
and individuals.

HOW WE DEVELOP STRATEGY

In each of our divisions, we develop goals and strategies before allocating resources
and making investments. We continually collect and share data on our progress, reflect
on lessons learned, and make course corrections as needed. Essential to this process is

32
ongoing dialogue with our grantees and partners—which is embedded throughout our
strategy lifecycle.

At this stage of the foundation’s growth, our divisions and strategies are already in
place. We reflect on and review each strategy annually, and make adjustments to our
implementation plan toward achieving our goals.

HOW WE MAKE INVESTMENTS

Within each strategy, which has an allocation of resources, we collaborate with grantee
and partner organizations to develop proposals that align with our strategic priorities
and the organization’s focus and capabilities. An important part of this process is
reaching agreement on what success will look like for the investment.

We use a standard four-phase process to develop all of our grants and contracts. The
duration of each phase depends on the complexity of the project as well as the capacity
and geographic location of the prospective partner.

Phase 1: Concept Development. Our program officers work to identify ideas that
support our strategic priorities, in consultation with foundation colleagues,
researchers, policymakers, and other partners in the field. This phase concludes with
an internal decision that a concept is aligned to a strategy, and we should proceed with
development work.

Phase 2: Pre-Proposal. We use a variety of ways to explore and refine concepts, with
the help of organizations in the field. Regardless of the approach, we remain
committed to understanding the perspective of others, in order to further shape the
proposed body of work. This phase ends with the decision to solicit a grant or contract
proposal.

-Direct solicitation. When we know that an organization is well-suited to perform the

work, we directly solicit an early phase concept memo or proposal.

-Discussion. In some cases, we invite one or more organizations to discuss the concept
with us and explore their interest and their capacity to undertake the work. If the
organization has the expertise, capacity, and interest, we will invite them to submit a
concept memo or proposal.

33
-Request for proposal (RFP): When we want to broaden our network or fund multiple
organizations for a project, we may issue an RFP. Public RFPs are posted on our
website; private RFPs are directed to specific organizations.

Phase 3: Investment Development.We give applicants guidelines and templates for

developing a proposal, a budget, and a results framework and tracker. A program
officer reviews submitted materials with internal and, at times, external experts and
works with the applicant to integrate recommended changes. We also complete our
due diligence, confirm the applicant organization’s tax status, determine how to
structure the transaction, and assess risk. Our legal and financial analysis teams may
also participate during this phase.

Investment proposals are reviewed at various levels, with more levels of review for
grants and contracts that are more complex. A foundation executive makes the final
decision about whether to fund the proposed grant or contract. Before funded activities
can commence, the foundation and the partner organization sign an agreement that
includes intended results, targets, milestones or reporting deliverables, and a payment
schedule.

Phase 4: Management and Close. During the life of an investment, the program officer
and partner discuss how they will work together and keep in close communication to
understand progress and challenges of ongoing work. By maintaining quality
interactions and clear and consistent communication, they are able to share feedback
early and often. Occasionally a program officer or foundation staff member will
participate on advisory committees, and occasionally take a seat on the board of the
organization.

At the end of the project, the partner will work with the program officer to submit a
final report that summarizes the results achieved and lessons learned.

HOW WE STRUCTURE GRANTS

We structure grants in a way that makes sense from a financial perspective while also
funding partners for the cost of delivering results, supported by open and honest
dialogue about the resources required. As grant proposals are developed, we try to gain
a complete and accurate understanding of the total cost to execute the project
efficiently and effectively.

34
In order to expedite global health research and to develop sustainable research
capacity, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation periodically reviews its funding model
to universities and other research partners. It is important to us that our grantees
understand our current funding model as it relates to the different approaches taken by
other funders. Foundations have flexibility in accounting for facilities and
administrative (F&A) or “indirect costs” as “direct costs,” unlike the federal
government. For example, project management, lab charges, and data/IT charges that
are related to a specific project are allowable as direct costs in a Gates Foundation
grant. Thus, item by item analysis is required to accurately compare a Gates
Foundation grant versus a grant funded by another entity. Details regarding our
Grantee Indirect Cost Policy can be found here.

HOW WE MEASURE AND EVALUATE RESULTS

From the outset of the grantmaking process, we work with partners to define the
overall results we hope to achieve and the data needed to measure those results. We
call this approach outcome investing.

To give our partners flexibility in how they achieve results, we do not require them to
report on all of their activities. Instead, we focus on purposefully measuring the most
critical metrics of progress that support continued learning, adjustment, and alignment.
However, the nature and frequency of measurement depends on the type of work. For
example, scientific research projects may be measured differently than efforts to
expand vaccine coverage. Watch this video for more information on our Outcome
Investing approach.

Evaluation is another collaborative learning tool that provides us and our partners with
feedback so we can improve, adjust, and decide how best to achieve outcomes. We
work to ensure that our partners have the capacity and support to generate quality
evidence.

Our foundation evaluation policy sets out parameters for evaluation and explains how
and why we use evaluation and where variation is warranted. We acknowledge the
ongoing debate about evaluation methods in many fields in which we work. We avoid
one-size-fits-all prescriptions and strive to make selective, high-quality evaluation an
integral part of how we carry out our work.

35
Leadership

 Bill Gates, Co-chair and Trustee

 Melinda Gates, Co-chair and Trustee
 Warren Buffett, Trustee
 William H. Gates Sr., Co-chair
 Sue Desmond-Hellmann, Chief Executive Officer
 Chris Elias, President, Global Development
 Rodger Voorhies, President, Global Growth & Opportunity
 Trevor Mundel, President, Global Health
 Mark Suzman, Chief Strategy Officer and President, Global Policy and
Advocacy
 Allan C. Golston, President, United States Program
 Connie Collingsworth, Chief Business Operations Officer, Operations
 Carolyn Ainslie, Chief Financial Officer, Operations
 Steven Rice, Chief Human Resources Officer, Operations

Foundation Facts

Current number of foundation employees: 1,541

Total grant payments since inception (through Q4 2017): $45.5 billion

Total 2017 Direct Grantee Support: $4.7 billion

Total 2016 Direct Grantee Support: $4.6 billion

Foundation Trust Endowment: $50.7 billion

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