“ IOT Based Wearable Smart Health Monitoring System”

A seminar report submitted in partial fulfillment of

the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Technology
by
(RUTUJA GORAKHNATH VARTALE)
Class:TY Div:I
Roll no:04 GR no:172126

Under the guidance of

(Prof.Dr.S.M.Lambhor)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

VISHWAKARMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (An
Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University)
Academic Year 2019-20

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 CERTIFICATE
VISHWAKARMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Department of Electronics Engineering

This is to certify that the report entitled “IOT Based Wearable Smart Health
Monitoring System” has been submitted in the academic year 2019-20 Sem VI
by

“RUTUJA VARTALE Class:TY

Roll No: 04 GR NO:17212”

Under the supervision of Prof.Dr.S.M.Lambhor in the partial fulfillment of

the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics
Engineering
(Prof.Dr.S.M.Lambhor) (Prof.Dr.Vijay Gaikwad
Guide Head of electronics Dept.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is matter of great pleasure for me to submit this report on “IOT Based

Wearable Smart Health Monitoring System”, as a part of curriculum for
award of “Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics.
I am thankful to my guide Prof.Dr.S.M.Lambhor
Associate Professor in Electronics Engineering Department for my constant
encouragement and able guidance.
I am also thankful to Prof Dr.V.D.Gaikwad, Head, Electronics Engineering
Department for his valuable support.

I take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude

towards those, who have helped me in various ways, for preparing my
seminar. At the last but not least, I am thankful to my parent, who had
encouraged & inspired me with their blessings.

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 IOT Based Wearable Smart Health Monitoring System

Abstract

An important part of our life, internet has enabled many machines and devices
we use in everyday life to be monitored and controlled remotely through Internet
of Things (IOT) technology. Thanks to IOT technology, smart health applications
have become a rapidly growing sector. For individuals with heart disease, the
Heart Rate (HR), Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Body Temperature (BT)
values are considered vital signs that must be measured regularly. In this study, an
android-based application is developed that can monitor HR, HRV and CT
parameters for cardiovascular patients who should be under constant observation.
The measuring system, which consists of wearable sensors, constantly measures
patient signs. Then send the measured signals to android interface via wireless
connection. If the predetermined critical values for the patient are exceeded, the
HR, HRV, CT values and also the real time location of patient is sent both to
family members and doctor as e-mail and twitter notification. The wearable
measurement system allows patients to be mobile in their own social environment,
allowing them to live their lives in confidence.
Keywords: Internet of things, smart health, Arduino pro mini, pulse sensor.

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 1. Introduction:

IOT was first proposed by Kevin Ashton in 1999.It is a communication

network in which physical objects are interconnected with each other or with
larger systems. This network collects billions of data from the very different
devices we use in everyday life and transforms them into usable information.
Today, there are about 20 billion devices in the world that interact with each
other, and by 2025 it is estimated to go up to 75 billion devices. This shows that
in the coming years cities that we live with IOT will become smart cities that
will keep pace with the more paced and planned life. This transformation will
offer us many opportunities to make our life easier. One of these important
opportunities is the e-health services that are closely related to all of us.
IOT applications in the health sector are increasing day by day. People
living in rural areas cannot benefit from preventive health services due to lack
of infrastructure. As a result, deaths occur very early in these regions. In
addition, with the rapid aging of the world population, the needs of the elderly
for life support are increasing with the change of family structure. In addition to
chronic heart disease, there is a high probability that the patient will lose his or
her life as a result of excessive fatigue of the heart during sleep at night,
especially in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). Devices that provide
continuous monitoring of these patients are very expensive and sensitive and
require trained personnel to use them. It is possible for such patients to be
followed up continuously with wearable health devices while maintaining their
daily lives in the social environment.
These wearable devices continuously measure the patient's heart values and,
when a symptom of a heart attack has occurred, may send information about
the patient's health condition to the family members and the doctor. HR and
HRV are used primarily as a diagnostic tool for heart and non-cardiac diseases
such as heart failure, aging, Parkinson's disease, diabetes.
IOT is a new reality that completely changes our daily life. It is also a
way to revolutionize modern health care by providing more personalized and
preventive care. Thanks to IOT technology, mutual information sharing among
various smart devices has been facilitated anywhere in the world. In this
environment, studies on smart health services, which can provide remote
diagnosis of the disease, are also accelerated. Thanks to low cost, low power
consumption and high performance, devices that can collect patient heart data
can be sent to the patient's family or doctor by smart phone applications.

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 Continuous monitoring of a person's health through wearable biomedical
devices is now possible with many wearable health kits. However, real-time
analyzes and estimates, warnings and alarms on health hazards are not
adequately addressed in these devices.
In this study, a wearable device is designed to measure vital values
such as HR, HRV, and CT, which directly concern heart health. The pulse sensor
on the device and the heart related data from the patient's fingertip are analyzed
with the Arduino Pro Mini controller. The results of this analysis are transferred
to the patient's mobile phone via Bluetooth connection.
Thanks to the "Smart Health" interface created with the Blynk application
developer, the data transmitted to the mobile phone is displayed on the screen in
real time. When the patient's vital parameters reach critical levels, an audible-
visual alert is sent to the patient and family members with the Android-based
application. Concurrently, this data and the patient's position information are sent
to the patient's family members and the her/his doctor as e-mail and twitter
notification. The main purpose of the device is to increase the chances of survival
by providing medical assistance to the patient within the first few hours in case of
a possible heart attack.

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 2. Materials and Methods

Parameters such as HR, HRV and BT, which are considered to be important
health status indicators, have a tremendous diagnostic value. Until recently,
continuous monitoring of these physiological parameters has been possible only
in the hospital environment, and nowadays with the development of wearable
technology, these parameters can be monitored accurately, continuously and in
real time.

2.1 PPG Concepts

HR is the number of heart beats per minute and unit of HR is "bpm" (beats per
minute). Every person's HR value can be different and many factors affect HR,
such as body movements, emotional state, hunger, toughness, air temperature.
HR values for ordinary people are considered normal between 60 and 100 beat
per minute.
In athletes, normal HR can be reduced to 50 or even 40. For this reason, sports
people over time can strengthen their heart muscles and pump more blood at a
time than normal people. The famous cyclist racer Lance Armstrong has been
reported to have thrown the ball 32 bpm at rest.
Apart from HR, very important heart-related values can be measured and
depending on these, some diseases can be diagnosed. PPG is the recording of
electrical activity in the heart to examine the functioning of the heart muscle and
neural transmission system. In Figure 1 shows the values on a PPG signal that
provide important findings about the heartbeat study.

Figure 1. PPG signal.

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Some of these values are HRV, PR, QRS interval, RR interval, QT interval and ST
interval.
Heart rate variability (HRV): Heart rate variability is an important parameter in
determining cardiac autonomic functions. HRV varies according to
psychophysiological conditions such as stress, relief, exercise, as well as age and
health. It is obtained by examining short-term (3-5 min) or long-term (24 h)
signals.
PR interval : PR interval is the time between the P wave and the QRS complex.
Normal PR interval is between 120-200 ms.
QRS interval: Normal QRS interval is between 70-100 ms.
RR interval, IBI (Inter beat interval): It's the time between two heart beats. This
time varies depending on the heart rate. Normal RR interval is between 600-
1000 ms.
QT interval: QT interval is the time from the beginning of the QRS complex to
the end of the T wave. QT interval and HR are inversely proportional. It also
varies with age and sex. Normal range is 320-440 ms.
ST interval : ST interval is inversely proportional to HR and the normal range is 0-
150 ms.

2.2 Pulse Sensor

The heartbeat is detected by the reflection of the light emitted by the green LED
on the APDS-9008 light sensor. In Figure 2 shows the circuit diagram of the
pulse sensor. The low pass filter used at the output of the light sensor clears the
signal from high frequency noise.
After the output of the filter, the signal is amplified by the MCP-6001 Op-Amp.
The analog signal from this amplifier has a frequency of 0,5 to 4 Hz.

Figure 2. Pulse Sensor Circuit diagram.

The sensor output voltage, which varies from 0.25 to 1.5V, is converted into an
output signal with an offset value of 512 adc. This output is normalized around

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 V / 2 which is half the supply voltage. If the sensor cannot make a contact, the
V / 2 value is taken from the sensor output.

Figure 3. Pulse Sensor front and back sides.

The light emitted by the green LED in Figure 3 is reflected back to the APDS-
9008 light sensor in every heart beat, depending on the oxygen saturation in
the finger blood. This sensor responds to variations in light intensity and the
amplitude of the output signal depends on the amount of light.

2.3 Arduino Pro Mini Microcontroller

The Arduino Pro Mini is a low cost 8 bit controller that is the smallest of the
Arduino series. Due to its small size, it is often preferred in battery operated
and portable applications. For Arduino Pro Mini has 3.3V/5V voltage and 8/16
MHz frequency options.

Figure 4. Pinout diagram of Arduino Pro Mini

The digital input-output number is 14 and 6 of them can be used as PWM output.
It also has 6 analog input pins in 10 bit resolution. In Figure 4 shows the Arduino
pro mini pinout diagram and Table 1 gives technical specifications.

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Table 1. Technical specifications of Arduino Pro Mini.
Specifications Value
MCU 8 bit
ATmega328P
Frequency 16 MHz
Input/output 14xDIO
ADC Pin 6x10 Bit
Operating 5V
Voltage
IO Current 40 mA
Program 32kB
Memory
Wi-Fi -

It can be programmed by external programmers using the Rx and Tx pins of the

Arduino Pro Mini. The size of the controller is about 1/6 of the Arduino UNO.

2.4 HC-06 Bluetooth Module

Bluetooth is a communication protocol that uses the frequency band 2,4-2.48 GHz,
which is often used in short distance communications applications. The
communication distance between Bluetooth modules is usually between 10 and 20
m.

Figure 5. The front and back side of the HC-06 Bluetooth module.

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This distance has been increased by about 100 meters with new technologies.
However, these newly developed Bluetooth modules are not produced in the
modular structure suitable for amateur projects yet.

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 Arduino Software(IDE):
The open source Arduino IDE editor allows you to write code and easily load it
to the controllers via USB. The Arduino IDE supports many different controllers
besides Arduino kits (Uno, Pro Mini, Mega, Due etc.). This software works on
Windows, Mac OS X and Linux.
The Arduino IDE is written in the Java language and is based on the language
named Processing/Wiring. The libraries are written in C and C ++ languages and
compiled with AVR-GCC and AVR Libc. The code for the "Smart Health" has
been developed using this interface. It is also compatible with advanced
controllers such as Blynk, ESP, Onion Omega, Raspberry Pi, STM32. These
specification of the controllers with bluetooth feature such as ESP32 can be used
for closed circuit communication by consuming low energy on-line. Thanks to all
these features Blynk; IOT offers solutions for developers at low prices and these
users can also benefit from the cloud service at the same time.

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 3. System Architecture

In wearable smart health monitoring system, Arduino Pro Mini is used as

controller and HC-06 Bluetooth module for communication. The pulse sensor is
used to collect physiological signals and the sensitive temperature sensor is used
for BT measurement. The general structure of the proposed system for smart
health practice is shown in Figure 7. The system consists of Arduino Pro Mini,
Blynk application, HC-06 Bluetooth module and physiological sensors.

Figure 8. Arduino Pro Mini-based smart health measurement system.

The Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) temperature sensor used for BT
measurement is connected to A1 analog input of the controller. The NTC
temperature sensor changes the resistance value depending on the temperature.
The resistance value of the NTC is inversely proportional to sensitive
temperature measurement applications. The sensor output is not linear, so the
resistance values corresponding to each temperature measured in the program
are written in a table. Generally, these values are presented in tables. The circuit
is first installed on a board where necessary tests and trials were carried out. The

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 inter beat interval (IBI) can be calculated using the PPG wave obtained from the
pulse sensor. he temperature and the sensitivity is very high. Due to its cheap,
stable, and small structure, it is preferred in most sensitive temperature
measurement applications. The sensor output is not linear, so the resistance
values corresponding to each temperature measured in the program are written
in a table. Generally, these values are presented in tables The circuit is first
installed on a board where necessary tests and trials were carried out. The inter
beat interval (IBI) can be calculated using the PPG wave obtained from the pulse
sensor.
Microcontroller code is set to measure the IBI with the timing between moments
when the signal crosses 50% of the wave amplitude during this fast-upward
ramp (PT), as shown in Figure 10. BPM is an average value from every previous
10 IBI beat value.

Figure 10. PPG signal for two consecutive heartbeats.

High resolution sampling is very important to ensure that the timing between
heartbeats is accurately measured. For this, Timer2 interrupt is set to 2ms. In this
way a timing resolution with a frequency of 500 Hz is obtained. The analog
output of the Pulse Sensor is then read when each interrupt occurs. The highest
(P) and lowest (T) values of the PPG signal must be determined in order to obtain
a correct amplitude measurement. The thresh variable is initialized at 512 and
changes over the course of the study to find the point corresponding to 50% of
the amplitude. In order to avoid noise and false readings, the time corresponding
to 3/5 of the IBI value must be passed before the signal is updated. If the
threshold value is greater than 50% of the signal amplitude and the time period is
greater than 3/5 of the IBI, the IBI values are stored in a 10-element sequence.

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Figure 11. PPG signal for consecutive heartbeats.

(1)
(2)
As shown in Figure 11, after a total of 10 consecutive IBI registrations, the BPM
value is obtained in ms by taking the average of the total IBI values. The
formulas for calculating the IBI value are given in equations 1 and 2. Thanks to
the SMART HEALTH application installed on the mobile phone, all vital data
sent wirelessly by
Arduino Pro Mini can be displayed in real time. In Figure 12a you can see the
"SMART HEALTH" Blynk android interface, in Figure 12b the e-mail sent to
the patient's family members and doctor via internet, and in Figure 12c the sent
twitter notification.

Figure 12. (a) Blynk "SMART HEALTH" User Panel, (b) e-mail notification, (c)
twitter notification.

The location information of the GPS module which is the members and his/her
doctor as a notification. A sample unit of mobile phones can be used by the
Blynk e-mail notification relevant this situation is shown in application. When
a critical event occurs, the application Figure 12b. sends the patient's location
information to the family

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Real-time PPG signal obtained from the Arduino IDE Serial Monitor, (b) HR,
IBI values and real-time values of the PPG signal.
shows the real-time image of the PPG signal obtained from the serial
monitor of the arduino IDE. The serial monitor also displays instantaneous
HR and IBI values alongside the PPG signal. Figure 13b shows real-time
numerical values of HR, IBI and PPG signals. The successive values of the
pulse sensor form the PPG signal. HR and IBI values are obtained from
these signals as a result of calculations.

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 4. Conclusion

Today, many services can be reached with internet technology and the number
of applications that use this technology is constantly increasing. IoT
technology is expanding day by day to include different sectors and
applications. One of them is the smart health sector and this sector offers
incredible opportunities for us with new applications. The monitoring of the
patients, who should be kept under constant surveillance, in the hospital
environment is very difficult with the existing infrastructure and methods.
Patients under surveillance in hospitals are dependent on bedding and this
makes the patients uncomfortable. Many health problems that require early
diagnosis may cause vital problems for the patient because they cannot be
monitored on time. Early diagnosis is unbelievably important for patients with
heart disease.
In this study, a wireless patient monitoring system is developed that allows
patients to be mobile in their social areas. The developed system
continuously measures the heart rate and body temperature of the patient
and provides monitoring and tracking through an android based interface.
When the patient's vital data reaches a predetermined limit value, the
mobile application alerts the patient and the people in the vicinity. This
warning is made at a volume level that people near the patient can hear. If
there is nobody in the vicinity of the patient who can help him, the patient's
heart rate, body temperature, and coordination information are sent to
family members and the doctor as e-mail and twitter notifications. The
main purpose of the device is to make provide that they get medical aid as
soon as possible, in case of a possible discomfort for heart diseases. So
there will be an increased chance of survival of patients

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