Scribd
Upload
59 views

Primary Wave (P Wave)

The document discusses seismic waves generated by earthquakes and different types of seismic waves. It describes primary (P) waves and secondary (S) waves, which are the two types of body waves. P waves can pass through fluids while S waves cannot. Suspension P-S logging is used to determine shear (VS) and compression (VP) wave velocity profiles in soils and rocks. This involves generating impulse sources at the surface or at depths in a borehole while receivers are located at depths or on the surface. Travel times are recorded to plots and determine maximum velocities of soil layers.

Uploaded by

Min Miyn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
59 views

Primary Wave (P Wave)

The document discusses seismic waves generated by earthquakes and different types of seismic waves. It describes primary (P) waves and secondary (S) waves, which are the two types of body waves. P waves can pass through fluids while S waves cannot. Suspension P-S logging is used to determine shear (VS) and compression (VP) wave velocity profiles in soils and rocks. This involves generating impulse sources at the surface or at depths in a borehole while receivers are located at depths or on the surface. Travel times are recorded to plots and determine maximum velocities of soil layers.

Uploaded by

Min Miyn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Source:

1. Ps logging for site response analysis in Dhaka City, A.S.M Fahad Hossain (2015)
2. Use of PS logging and ground response analysis using DEEPSOIL in BUET-
JIDPUS,BUET, Dhaka; A.S.M Fahad Hossain et.al (2015)

____________________________________________________________________________

 An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that
creates seismic waves.
 Seismic waves are generated by the release of energy during an earthquake.
 Two types of seismic waves are generated at the earthquake focus:
1. Body waves spread outward from the focus in all directions.
2. Surface waves spread outward from the epicenter to the Earth‘s surface, similar to
ripples on a pond. These waves can move rock particles in a rolling motion that very few
structures can withstand. These waves move slower than body waves

There are two types of Body Waves:

Primary Wave (P wave)


The P-wave, where P stands for Primary wave or Pressure wave and it is formed from
alternating compressions and rarefactions the particles in the solid have vibrations along (or
parallel to) the travel direction of the wave energy. P wave can pass through a fluid (gas or
liquid) and arrives at recording station first. Figure 2.1 shows the P wave.
Secondary Wave (S wave)
The S-wave, where S stands for Secondary wave or Shear wave, moves as a shear or
transverse wave, so motion is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation S-waves are
like waves in a rope. S-waves are slower than P waves, and speeds are typically around 60% of
that of P waves in any given material. This wave cannot pass through a fluid (gas or liquid).
Figure 2.2 shows the S wave.

Suspension P-S logging is one of the available methods for determining the shear and compression wave
velocity (VS and VP) profiles in both soil and rock formations

Suspension logging test can be performed using:

 Seismic down-hole technique


The impulse source of energy is generated at the ground surface near the top of the borehole, in
which one or multiple geophones are lowered at predetermined depths,
 Seismic up-hole technique
Waves are generated at various depths in the borehole and receivers are located along the
ground surface.

The up-hole and down-hole techniques are a more economical alternative to the cross-hole technique;
only one borehole is needed.

The down hole seismic test requires only 1 borehole (preferably a 2.5-3 inch diameter hole with PVC pipe
installed up to the depth in which competent soil or rock is reached) to be used for the geophone receiver.
Usually PVC pipes are used to permanently stabilize the hole. The standard for the test technique is set
forth in the ASTM D4428/D4428M.
R2

R1

S
Travel time of the body waves (S- and P-waves) between each geophone and the source are
recorded. Recorded travel time is then plotted versus depth as in the seismic refraction test.
These plots are then used to determine the maximum compression and shear wave velocities;
VC max and VSmax of all soil layers (SW-AJA, 1972; Woods, 1994; Gazetas, 1991).
Presentation of data:

You might also like