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Meeting 7

1. The document summarizes a meeting that covered listening to an IELTS test, reading a passage about ants providing healthcare to injured nestmates, a speaking activity on animal conservation in Indonesia, and a language focus on direct and indirect speech. 2. The reading passage discussed a study finding that when ants are injured and release a pheromone, nurse ants will intensively groom and lick their wounds to clot the blood and increase survival rates. Injured ants that lost limbs but received treatment could later move at speeds of healthy ants. 3. The language focus defined direct speech as using quotation marks and no tense changes, while indirect speech reports words using reporting verbs and tense changes as needed

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38 views4 pages

Meeting 7

1. The document summarizes a meeting that covered listening to an IELTS test, reading a passage about ants providing healthcare to injured nestmates, a speaking activity on animal conservation in Indonesia, and a language focus on direct and indirect speech. 2. The reading passage discussed a study finding that when ants are injured and release a pheromone, nurse ants will intensively groom and lick their wounds to clot the blood and increase survival rates. Injured ants that lost limbs but received treatment could later move at speeds of healthy ants. 3. The language focus defined direct speech as using quotation marks and no tense changes, while indirect speech reports words using reporting verbs and tense changes as needed

Uploaded by

Firdaus Billy
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Meeting 7

1. Listening to IELTS

2. Reading
A passage is given and the students read it and answer the questions that follow.

3. Speaking Activity

4. Language Focus: Direct and Indirect Speech


I. Listening to IELTS
Section 1
Questions 1-10

Complete the notes below by writing one word and/or a number only for each answer:

II. Reading

The following article is entitled “Ants show organized healthcare and treat wounded comrades”
written by Marc Bekoff, Ph.D. from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/animal-
emotions/201802/ants-show-organized-healthcare-and-treat-wounded-comrades

Dr. Frank and his team report that when ants are injured, they release a pheromone (a
chemical signal) that tells other ants that something is wrong. In the current study, the
researchers discovered that when injured ants who were suffering from missing legs that were
bitten off by termites were carried back to their nest by other ants, nest-mates, called "nurse"
ants, routinely took care of the open wounds by intensely grooming and licking them. Their
saliva clotted the blood and the treatment increased the survival of ants who received care.
The researchers also learned that injured ants were examined by caregivers who probe
them with their antennae, and that the injured individuals were probed more than twice as
often as healthy ants (link is external). Concerning how this healthcare truly worked for those
ants who were treated, the researchers note, "Lack of treatment increased mortality from 10%
to 80% within 24 h, most likely due to infections. Wound clotting occurred extraordinarily fast
in untreated injured individuals, within 10 min." After treatment, ants were able to reach
running speeds displayed by healthy ants even when they were missing one or two legs.
In addition to showing that treatment by grooming and licking had a strongly positive effect
on the survival of treated ants, the researchers also discovered that severely injured ants who
lost five legs were not rescued. They hypothesized that this had to do with the lack of
responsiveness of the injured individuals. A truly fascinating observation is that lightly-injured
ants behaved as if they were more injured when they were near nest-mates, and there was
differentiated treatment within the nest.

Are these ants compassionate beings?


It's not known what's driving this system of care. Dr. Frank doesn't think it's compassion,
but rather a drive to keep their numbers up. He notes (link is external), "The behaviour
probably doesn’t arise from feelings of compassion...but because the ants’ survival depends
upon it. Matabele ants live in small colonies with low birth rates, and their taste for termites
means each ant risks mortal injury every day."
Regardless of why the ants do what they do, this study shows that we're not alone in the
arena of organized healthcare, with the first good other than human example coming from
termite-eating ants. While this might sound rather surprising to some people, when one
understands the complex social systems that have evolved in ants (link is external), it's really
not all that unexpected.

Questions
1. What happened when an ant gets injured?
2. What do the nurse ants do?
3. Why can the injured ants be rescued?

III. Speaking Activity


A. Why is it important to conserve animals?
B. Which species are endangered in Indonesia? Why is it so?

IV. Language Focus: Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct and indirect speech can be a source of confusion for English learners. Let's first define the
terms, then look at how to talk about what someone said, and how to convert speech from direct
to indirect or vice-versa.
You can answer the question What did he say? in two ways:
● by repeating the words spoken (direct speech)
● by reporting the words spoken (indirect or reported speech).

Direct Speech
Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use direct speech in writing,
we place the words spoken between quotation marks (" ") and there is no change in these
words. We may be reporting something that's being said NOW (for example a telephone
conversation), or telling someone later about a previous conversation.
Examples
● She says, "What time will you be home?"
● She said, "What time will you be home?" and I said, "I don't know! "
● "There's a fly in my soup!" screamed Simone.
● John said, "There's an elephant outside the window."
Indirect Speech
Reported or indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the
tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask', and we may use the
word 'that' to introduce the reported words. Inverted commas are not used.
She said, "I saw him." (direct speech) = She said that she had seen him. (indirect speech)

'That' may be omitted:


She told him that she was happy. = She told him she was happy.

'Say' and 'tell'


Use 'say' when there is no indirect object:
He said that he was tired.

Always use 'tell' when you say who was being spoken to (i.e. with an indirect object):
He told me that he was tired.

'Talk' and 'speak'


Use these verbs to describe the action of communicating:
He talked to us.
She was speaking on the telephone.

Use these verbs with 'about' to refer to what was said:


He talked (to us) about his parents.

Exercise
Fill in the blanks with only one suitable verb.
1. “I’m working in Dallas today.”
He said he __________________________ in Dallas that day.
2. “I think he will win the election.”
She said she _____________ he _______________________ the election.
3. “Anna lives in London.”
Peter says Anna ________________ in London.
4. “My father is going to visit us next week.”
Frank said his father ____________________________________ them the following week.
5. “They bought a brand new Mercedes!”
She said they ______________________________ a brand new Mercedes.
6. “I have worked at the company since 1997.”
She said she _________________________ at the company since 1997.
7. “They are watching TV at the moment.”
She said they ___________________________ TV at that moment.
8. “Francis drives to work every day.”
He said Francis ____________________ to work every day.
9. “Alan thought about changing his job last year.”
Alan said that he had thought about changing his job the previous year.
10. “George went to the hospital last night.”
Peter said that George __________________ to the hospital the preceding night.

V. Writing
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