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DSDSD

This document contains 4 problems related to topology: 1. Show that two defined topologies O1 and O2 on the set of complex numbers C are indeed topologies, and determine when the identity map between them is continuous. 2. Show that the subspace topology on a subset A of a metric space (X,d) coincides with the topology induced by the restricted metric d|A×A. 3. Find an example of a subset A of the real interval [0,1] that, when iteratively taking closures and complements, produces many distinct new subsets. 4. Use topological definitions to prove that the set of prime numbers is infinite by showing any

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Ana Mirtskhulava
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21 views

DSDSD

This document contains 4 problems related to topology: 1. Show that two defined topologies O1 and O2 on the set of complex numbers C are indeed topologies, and determine when the identity map between them is continuous. 2. Show that the subspace topology on a subset A of a metric space (X,d) coincides with the topology induced by the restricted metric d|A×A. 3. Find an example of a subset A of the real interval [0,1] that, when iteratively taking closures and complements, produces many distinct new subsets. 4. Use topological definitions to prove that the set of prime numbers is infinite by showing any

Uploaded by

Ana Mirtskhulava
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Topology I

Problem Set 1 H. Reich/F. Levikov


Summer Term 2019 Due: 18.04.2019, 14:00

Problem 1
Let O0 be the usual topology on C. We define two further systems of subsets of
C called O1 and O2 as follows.
(i) A subset U ⊂ C lies in O1 if U = ∅ or if U = C \ F for some finite set F .
(ii) The empty set lies in O2 . A non-empty subset U lies in O2 if U ∈ O0 and
additionally [−1, 1] ⊂ U .
Show that O1 and O2 are topologies on C. For which i, j ∈ {0, 1, 2} is the
identity id : (C, Oi ) → (C, Oj ) a continous map?

Problem 2
Let (X, d) be a metric space and let A be a subset of X, then

d |A×A : A × A → [0, ∞)

is a metric on A. Show that the topology induced from this metric on A coincides
with the subspace topology of A in X. Here of course we equip X with the
topology induced from the metric d.

Problem 3
Beat the record! Let A be a subset of a topological space X. In this exercise we
write a(A) = A for the closure (german: Abschluss) of A in X and k(A) = X \A
for the complement (german: Komplement). Iterating the two processes closure
and complement one produces new subsets out of A like

a ◦ k ◦ a(A) = a(k(a(A))) or a ◦ k(A) = a(k(A)).

Find an example for a subset A ⊂ [0, 1] ⊂ R for which you obtain in this way a
large number of different new subsets. The highest number wins!
Remark: The maximal possible number is finite and bigger than 10!

Problem 4
A topological proof of the fact that there exist infinitely many primes: For x ∈ Z
and n ∈ N \ {0} set
An (x) = {x + ny | y ∈ Z} ⊂ Z.
A subset U ⊂ Z is called open if
for all x ∈ U there exists an n ∈ N \ {0} with An (x) ⊂ U .
Verify:
(i) This definition yields a topology on Z.
(ii) The set An (x) is open and closed.
(Please turn over.)
(iii) Every non-empty open set contains infinitely many elements.
(iv) Let P = {2, 3, 5, . . . } be the set of prime numbers, then
[
Z \ {−1, 1} = Ap (0).
p∈P

(v) Show that the assumption that P is finite leads to a contradiction.

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