Techni

cal
Semi
narRepor
tOn

DRI
PIRRI
GATI
ON

SUBMI
TTEDI
NPARTI
ALFULFI
LLMENTOFTHEREQUI
REMENTFOR AWARDOFTHE
DEGREEOF

BACHELOROFTECHNOLOGYI
NCI
VILENGI
NEERI
NG

SUBMI
TTEDBY
P.
RANJI
THKUMAR (
15K81A0137)

Undert
hegui
danceof
Dr
.SOUNDARRAJAN

(
Assoc.
Prof
essor
)

DEPARTMENTOFCI
VILENGI
NEERI
NG
STMARTI
N’SENGI
NEERI
NGCOLLEGE
DHULAPALLY-
SECUNDERABAD,
TELANGANA(
INDI
A)-
500010
 CONTENTS

CHAPTER-
1 :I
NTRODUCTI
ON
CHAPTER-
2 :COMPONENTSOFDRI
PIRRI
GATI
ON
2.
1:PUMPI
NGSET
2.
2:FI
LTRAI
ONSYSTEM
2.
2.1:
SANDFI
LTER
2.
2.2:
SCREENFI
LTER
2.
3:MAI
NLI
NES
2.
4:SUBMAI
NLI
NES
2.
5:LATERALS
2.
6:EMI
TTERS
CHAPTER-
3 :TYPESOFDRI
PIRRI
GATI
ONSYSTEM
3.
1:SURFACEDRI
PIRRI
GATI
ONSYSTEM
3.
2:SUBSURFACEDRI
PIRRI
GATI
ONSYSTEM
3.
3:SPRAYI
RRI
GATI
ON
3.
4:PULSEI
RRI
GATI
ON
CHAPTER-
4 :FI
ELDOFAPPLI
CATI
ON
CHAPTER-
5 :ADVANTAGESANDDI
SADVANTAGES
CHAPTER-
6 :CONCLUSI
ON
 CHAPTER-
1
I
NTRODUCTI
ON

 Themainobjecti
veofpract
ici
ngagri
cul
turei
stoproduceopti
mum
yi
eldswhichinturni
stheproductofi
nter
act
ionbetweenadequat
ely
suppl
iedgrowthfact
ors.

Ir
ri
gati
onmaybedefi
nedastheprocessofsuppl
yi
ngwat
ert
olandby
art
if
ici
almeansf
ort
hepurposeofcult
ivat
ion.

WHATI
SDRI
PIRRI
GATI
ON?
 Alsoknownast r
ickl
eormicroorlocalizedir
rigat
ion,dr
ipi
rri
gati
onis
amet hodthatsaveswaterandfert
il
izerbyal l
owingwatertodri
p
slowlytotheplantroot
s,eit
herontot hesoilsurf
aceordirect
lyonto
therootzone,throughanetworkofval ves,
pipes,tubi
ngandemi t
ter
s.

I
n1964,Sy
mchaBlass,
anIsrael
iengi
neerdev
elopedt
hef
ir
st
pat
ent
eddri
pir
ri
gati
onsyst
em.

Inthewor l
d,USAhasthelar
geareaunderdripi
rr
igat
ion.I
nIndia,
dri
p
system isadoptedi
nstat
esofTelanganaMaharasht
ra,TamilNadu,
Karnataka,AndhraPr
adesh,
Madhy aPradeshandGujarat
.
 CHAPTER-
2
COMPONENTSOFDRI
PIRRI
GATI
ON

2.
1:PUMPI
NGSET
 Tocr
eateapressur
eofabout2.
5kg/
sqcm t
oregul
atet
heamountof
wat
ertobesuppled.
i

 HEAD:
Thewat
erl
i
ftedf
rom t
hesour
ceofsuppl
yisst
oredi
nahead
tank,usual
ly3*
3*3m si
ze,
rest
ingonar
aisedpl
atf
ormt
omai
ntai
n
pressureheadabout4t
o5m.
2.
2:FI
LTRAI
ONSYSTEM
 Tofi
l
terthewat
erinordert
oremov
ethesuspendedpar
ti
cl
es
(i
mpuri
ti
es)i
nwater.

 Fi
lt
rati
onofi
rr
igat
ionwat
eri
sessent
ial
toprev
entcl
oggingof
emitt
erswhi
chcanbeamajorprobl
em i
nthedri
psyst
em.

2.
2.1:
SANDFI
LTER
Sandf i
l
tersareusedforwaterpurif
icati
on.Therear
ethreemaintypes
:r
apid(gravi
ty)sandfi
l
ters,
upwar dflowsandfil
ter
sandsl owsandfil
ter
s
al
lthreemet hodsareusedextensiv
el yi
ntheir
ri
gati
onthroughoutthe
world
2.
2.2:
SCREENFI
LTER
Whensur facewat eri susedf ortr
ickleir
ri
gation,screensareoftenusedas
secondaryfil
ters,af terorganicmat t
erhasbeenr emov edwi thmedi afil
ter
s.
Inthiscapaci
tyt heypr eventwashedoutmedi afrom enter
ingthei r
rigati
on
system.Whenwel lwat erisusedf orirr
igati
on,ascr eenfil
termaybeused
asapr imaryfil
ters, oritmaybesecondar ytoav ortexsandsepar ator,
dependingont hemi neralparti
cl
el oadinthewat er.A200meshscr eensis
usedof t
enint r
icklei rri
gation.Wat erfi
l
terwitha200meshscr eenwi l
l
containonlyparticlesofv eryfi
nesandorpar ti
cl
esofev ensmal lersizes.

2.
3:MAI
NLI
NES
Itisadist
ri
but
ionsystem i
ndr
ipsy
stem.Rigi
dPVCandhighdensi
ty
polyethyl
enepipesar
eusedasmainpipestomi
nimi
zecorr
osionand
cloggi
ng.

 Pipesof65mm di
amet
erandwi
thpr
essur
erat
ingof4t
o10
kg/sq.
cm ar
eused.
2.
4:SUBMAI
NLI
NES
 Thesubmaindistri
butest
hesamedischar
getoallt
hel
ater
alsf
it
ted
toit
.
I ti
susual
lyconnectedtot
hemainl
inesthr
oughacontr
olval
ve
assembly
.
 Usuall
ypi
pesof25-50mm diaandl
engthareused.

2.
5:LATERALS
2.
6:EMI
TTERS
 Theseconnectt
othet
ubi
nganddel
i
verwat
eratasl
ow,
consi
stent
rat
e.

 Thedr
ipper
sdi
schar
geabout2-
4Lt/
hour

 Spaci
ngoft
hedr
ipperi
sbasedonI
ntr
arowspaci
ng

I
tisoft
wotypes;
 POINTSOURCE
 LI
NESOURCE
 CHAPTER-
3
TYPESOFDRI
PIRRI
GATI
ONSYSTEM

3.
1:SURFACEDRI
PIRRI
GATI
ONSYSTEM
 Thewateri
sappl
i
edbyt
hel
ater
alsanddr
ipper
spr
esentont
hesoi
l
sur
face.

3.
2:SUBSURFACEDRI
PIRRI
GATI
ONSYSTEM
 Thelat
eral
sarebur
iedbel
owt hesoi
l
.Thewat
eri
sdi
rect
lysuppl
i
ed
tot
herootzoneofthepl
ants
3.
3:SPRAYI
RRI
GATI
ON
 Suppl
ywat
erasasmal
lspr
ay,
mistorf
ogt
othesoi
lsur
face.

3.
4:PULDEI
RRI
GATI
ON
 Suppl
i
eswat
erinser
iesofpul
sesordi
schar
geswi
thani
nter
val
of5,
10or15mi
nutes.
 CHAPTER-
4
FI
ELDOFAPPLI
CATI
ON

 Dr
ipi
rri
gati
oni susefulf
orcropsl
ike;
 FRUITCROPS
Banana,Grapes,
Cit
rus,
Pomegranate,
Pineappl
e,Papaya,
Water
mel
on,
Sweetl ime, Mango
 VEGETABLECROPS
Cabbage,cauli
fl
ower,
Okra,
Potat
o,Tomato,Oni
on,Chil
l
i,
Radi
sh,
Bri
nj
al,
French.
 COMMERCI ASugarcane, Cotton,Groundnut
 CHAPTER-
5
ADVANTAGESANDDISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES
 Simpli
cit
y
 Lowpumpi ngneeds
 Automation
 Adaptati
on
 Jointmanagementofirr
igat
ion
 Reducedwat eruseet
c.

DI
SADVANTAGES
 Requi
resaneconomici
nvest
ment
 Requi
resmaint
enanceandhi
ghqual
i
tywat
er
 Leakr
epair
 CHAPTER-
6

CONCLUSI
ON

 Dr
ipir
ri
gat
ioni
sasubsurf
acemet
hodofi
rr
igat
ingwat
erwi
thhi
gher
wat
erdemandsinar
idr
egi
on.

I
tmaynotbeappl
i
cabl
etoal
lfar
ms.

 Dr
ipi
rr
igat
ioni
ncr
easey
iel
ds.