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Background Study On Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor

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Syazani Hussaini
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197 views4 pages

Background Study On Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor

Uploaded by

Syazani Hussaini
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Student 4 Reaction Engineering

Mohammad Syazani Bin Hussaini

55213115307

1.0 Background study

Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor(CSTR) is a steady state operation that flow


through the system, thus no accumulation. A steady state must be achieved where
the flow rate into the reactor measures up to the flow rate out, for generally the tank
would empty or overflow.

CSTR is a common model that always being used for a chemical reactor in chemical
engineering. Chemical reactors regularly have huge heat effects, so it is vital to most
likely include or expel heat from them. In a CSTR, the heat is included or evacuated
by righteousness of the temperature contrast between a jacket fluid and the reactor
fluid. Frequently, the heat exchange liquid is pumped through agitation nozzle that
circles the fluid through the jacket at a high speed. CSTR also can be used in series
configurations either in single CSTR or more than two CSTR connected in series to
produce higher conversion. There is no spatial variation of concentration or
temperature in CSTR. In a well-mixed reactor, the output structure is
indistinguishable to composition of the material inside the reactor, which is a function
of residence time and rate of reaction.

There are three kinds of phases present in CSTR , it is liquid phase, gas-liquid
reaction and solid-liquid reaction. It is mainly conducted for a homogeneous liquid-
phase reaction and reasonable for viscous fluid. In the laboratory, it might likewise be
utilized for a gas-phase reaction for experimental measurement, especially for a
catalytic reaction. The CSTR is utilized for gas-liquid reaction when a gas reacts with
a liquid in the liquid phase. The gas molecules move from the gas phase into the
liquid phase. The gas is presented beneath the impeller. Gas-Liquid reaction will
shrouded in later Section. Reactants are constantly presented into the reactor while
products are continuously evacuated. The product will in general be of an
increasingly reliable quality from a continuously reactor in light of the fact that the
reaction parameters are preferred controlled over in batch operations.
Several advantages of CSTR reactor are the good controllability and mixing because
an optimal temperature or concentration is needed compared to PFR reactor.
Besides that, a variety of the CSTR is the loop reactor which is moderately
straightforward of construction and had low operating cost. Furthermore, CSTR
reactor also easy to handle and clean. The disadvantage of CSTR is all reaction
happens at the lowest concentration of reactant among inlet and outlet. For typical
kinetics, in which rate of reaction rA decreases cA also will decrease, this implies a
more prominent volume of reactor is expected to get a desired conversion. For
abnormal kinetics, the opposite would be valid. In addition, disadvantage for this
reactor is its conversion per unit volume of the reactor is littlest compared with other
flow reactors. By passing and diverting conceivable this reactors have poor agitation.
Reactant added too mixture which is rich in product in this reactor will influence the
quality and yield.

2.0 Application of reactor in industry

CSTR is widely used in the industry processing mainly in liquid phase low reactions.
CSTR also can be used for single or continuously in series and CSTR can be used
in the pharmaceutical industry. For example, two stage continuous process was as of
late detailed for business manufacture of statin intermediates that are utilized in the
assembling of atorvastatin (Lipitor™), at present the single biggest income creating
ethical product available. Specialists from a similar organization have distributed
their work with respect to persistent handling for creating somewhere in the range of
50 and 60 tons for each time of diazomethane, while keeping up the stock of this
reactive gas at under 80g. The diazo-methane production unit is a piece of an
incorporated multistage continuous process that produces key intermediates for the
most recent age of HIV protease inhibitor drugs.
CSTR have been created and effectively utilized for a long time. Tubular reactors,
loop reactors and late advances finishing in a few plans of microreactors have
empowered the specialists to have the proper instruments to conduct continuous
reactions. One such reactor is the spinning tube-in-tube (STT) system being
created .A key element of the STT reactor's plan is having the capacity to correctly
control the liquid elements of the reaction flow to accomplish almost momentary and
complete molecular scale mixing of the reactants. The gap between the spinning and
the stationary tube is decreased to under 0.25 mm that changes over a volume
based stream to an area based flow.

Figure1: spinning tube-in-tube (STT)

Figure 2: Tubular reactor

Another case of a fruitful microreactor configuration is an interchangeable


microreactor. The structure of this reactor makes it simple to join it into a coordinated
system. Every individual reactor is the measure of tape with a hold up volume of
1.8ml. The high surface to volume proportion gives superb heat exchange and
improved blending as in the past case of STT reactor. Utilizing the microreactor
structure, researcher have distributed their work on fruitful multi step blend of
ciprofloxacin. One more case of a little continuous reactor configuration is that of a
spinning disk reactor. The spinning disk reactor (SDR) has been observed to be a
truly appropriate option in contrast to stirred tank reactors, particularly for responses
including inherently fast kinetics.

Figure 3: Spinning Disk Reactor(SDR)

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