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1.introduction and Operations

Complex numbers are composed of a real part and an imaginary part. Some key points: - Complex numbers can be added, subtracted, multiplied, and divided. Operations follow similar rules as real numbers but also consider the imaginary parts. - The conjugate of a complex number is the same real part but the opposite sign imaginary part. Multiplying a complex number by its conjugate eliminates the imaginary part. - Powers of i follow a repeating pattern: i, -1, -i, 1, i, -1, etc. - Examples are provided demonstrating how to perform each operation on complex numbers and write the results in standard form.

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MC Cantimbuhan
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53 views

1.introduction and Operations

Complex numbers are composed of a real part and an imaginary part. Some key points: - Complex numbers can be added, subtracted, multiplied, and divided. Operations follow similar rules as real numbers but also consider the imaginary parts. - The conjugate of a complex number is the same real part but the opposite sign imaginary part. Multiplying a complex number by its conjugate eliminates the imaginary part. - Powers of i follow a repeating pattern: i, -1, -i, 1, i, -1, etc. - Examples are provided demonstrating how to perform each operation on complex numbers and write the results in standard form.

Uploaded by

MC Cantimbuhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS

COMPLEX NUMBERS
Complex Numbers

Complex numbers are composed of two parts a real part


and an imaginary part. We call this standard form.
Examples
5 + 4i
Real Part Imaginary Part
The number i  i  1
1
Try to figure out the following:
2
i 
2
 1  1
i  i i 
3 2
 1  1    1
i  i  i  1  1  1
4 2 2
Powers of i
• i1 =i i5 =i i9 =i

• i2 = 1 i6 = 1 i10 = 1

• i3 = i i7 = i i11 = i

• i4 =1 i8 =1 i12 =1
and so on.
Simplifying Examples
• i17 • i4

1 1
i4 =1 4
  1
i 1

i17 = 4
(i )4
•i
= 1•i
=i
Complex Numbers (adding and subtracting)

When adding or subtracting complex numbers we must


add/subtract the real parts of both complex numbers. And
then add/subtract the imaginary parts of both complex
numbers

Example:
(2 + 3i) + ( -3 – 4i ) =
(2-3) + (3i – 4i) =
-1 - i

Example:
(2 + 3i) - ( -3 – 4i ) = ( 2 + 3i ) + 3 + 4i
(2 + 3) + (3i + 4i) =
5 + 7i
Standard 6.0 Add and subtract complex numbers

Write the expression as a complex number in


standard form.
a. (8 – i) + (5 + 4i) b. (7 – 6i) – (3 – 6i) c. 10 – (6 + 7i) + 4i

SOLUTION

a. (8 – i) + (5 + 4i) = Definition of complex addition


(8 + 5) + (–1 + 4)i
= 13 + 3i Write in standard form.
b. (7 – 6i) – (3 – 6i) = Definition of complex subtraction
(7 – 3) + (–6 + 6)i
= 4 + 0i Simplify.
=4 Write in standard form.
Add and subtract complex numbers

c. 10 – (6 + 7i) + 4i = Definition of complex


[(10 – 6) – 7i] + 4i subtraction
= (4 – 7i) + 4i Simplify.
= 4 + (–7 + 4)i Definition of complex
addition
= 4 – 3i Write in standard form.
GUIDED PRACTICE

Write the expression as a complex number in standard


form.
7. (9 – i) + (–6 + 7i)

ANSWER

8. (3 + 7i) – (8 – 2i)

ANSWER

9. –4 – (1 + i) – (5 + 9i)

ANSWER
GUIDED PRACTICE

Write the expression as a complex number in standard


form.
7. (9 – i) + (–6 + 7i)

ANSWER 3 + 6i

8. (3 + 7i) – (8 – 2i)

ANSWER –5 + 9i

9. –4 – (1 + i) – (5 + 9i)

ANSWER –10 – 10i


Multiply complex numbers

Write the expression as a complex number in standard


form.

a. 4i(–6 + i) b. (9 – 2i)(–4 + 7i)

SOLUTION

a. 4i(–6 + i) = –24i + 4i2 Distributive property


= –24i + 4(–1) Use i2 = –1.
= –24i – 4 Simplify.
= –4 – 24i Write in standard form.
Examples: Multiplying
• (2  4i)(3 + 5i) • (7 + 3i)2

 2(3)  2(5i )  4i (3)  4i (5i )  7  2(7)(3i )  (3i )


2 2

 6  10i  12i  20i 2  49  42i  9i 2

 6  2i  20( 1)  49  42i  9(1)


 26  2i  40  42i
EXAMPLE 4 Multiply complex numbers

b. (9 – 2i)(–4 + 7i)
= –36 + 63i + 8i – 14i2 Multiply using FOIL.
= –36 + 71i – 14(–1) Simplify and use i2 = – 1 .
= –36 + 71i + 14 Simplify.
= –22 + 71i Write in standard form.
Divide complex numbers

Before we can divide we must understand what a conjugate is.


Conjugate- Is an identical complex number but, in the imaginary part the sign
changes.
Why is the conjugate important? It is important because when we multiply a
complex number by its conjugate the imaginary part disappears.

Examples of conjugates:
-3 + 2 i -3–2i

4– i 4+i
Divide complex numbers

Write the quotient 7 + 5i In standard form.


1  4i

7 + 5i = 7 + 5i 1 + 4i
1 – 4i 1 – 4i 1 + 4i Multiply numerator and
denominator by 1 + 4i, the
complex conjugate of 1 – 4i.
7 + 28i + 5i + 20i2
= Multiply using FOIL.
1 + 4i – 4i – 16i2

7 + 33i + 20(–1)
= Simplify and use i2 = -1.
1 – 16(–1)

–13 + 33i
= Simplify.
17
For real numbers a and b, • Example
5  3i
(a + bi)(a  bi) = a + b .
2 2
2i
(5  3i )(2  i )

(2  i )(2  i )
10  5i  6i  3i 2

The product of a complex 


4i 2

number and its conjugate is 


7  11i
always a real number. 5
7 11i
 
5 5
Write the expression as a complex number in standard form.

i(9 – i) 13. 5
11.
1+i

ANSWER ANSWER

12. (3 + i)(5 – i) 14. 5 + 2i


3 – 2i

ANSWER ANSWER
Write the expression as a complex number in standard form.

i(9 – i) 13. 5
11.
1+i

ANSWER 5 5 i
1 + 9i ANSWER –
2 2

12. (3 + i)(5 – i) 14. 5 + 2i


3 – 2i

11 16 i
ANSWER 16 + 2i ANSWER +
13 13

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