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Experiment Physcs

This document summarizes the results of an experiment on electromagnetic induction. In Part I, different solenoids with varying numbers of turns were used to measure induced emf. In Part II, a solenoid with a constant length and diameter was used to measure induced emf at different frequencies. Calculations were shown to determine the permeability of free space. Sources of error in the experiment and steps to improve it were discussed, such as inaccuracies in measurement and reducing random error. The conclusion states that induced emf increases linearly with coil turns and the estimated permeability of free space.

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Konrad Warren
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56 views3 pages

Experiment Physcs

This document summarizes the results of an experiment on electromagnetic induction. In Part I, different solenoids with varying numbers of turns were used to measure induced emf. In Part II, a solenoid with a constant length and diameter was used to measure induced emf at different frequencies. Calculations were shown to determine the permeability of free space. Sources of error in the experiment and steps to improve it were discussed, such as inaccuracies in measurement and reducing random error. The conclusion states that induced emf increases linearly with coil turns and the estimated permeability of free space.

Uploaded by

Konrad Warren
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STPM Experiment 9 Electromagnetic Induction (Second Term)

Title: Induced e.m.f.

Results:

Part I:

Type of Number of Induced e.m.f., ε/V


solenoid, C turns, N 1 2 Mean
C1 10
C2 20
C3 30
C4 40
C5 50
Centroid (30, 0.007)

Part II:

No. Length of the solenoid, Diameter of the Root mean square


l/cm coil C3, D/cm current across the
solenoid, Ir.m.s./mA
1 19.00 4.54 10.00
2 19.00 4.54 10.00
3 19.00 4.54 10.00
4 19.00 4.54 10.00
5 19.00 4.54 10.00
Average 19.00 4.54 10.00

Frequency of the Induced e.m.f., ε/V


a.c. signal, f/Hz 1 2 Mean
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
Centroid (1700, 0.0075)
Calculation:

Part II:

𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑑


𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ, 𝑛 =
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑑, 𝑙
300
= = 1.579x103 𝑚−1
19.00x10−2
𝜋𝐷2 𝜋(4.54x10−2 )2
𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝐶3 , 𝐴 = = = 1.62x10−3 𝑚2
4 4
0.01050 − 0.00450 0.00600
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ 𝜀 𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡 𝑓, 𝑠 = =
2300 − 1100 1200
= 5.00x10−6 𝑉 𝐻𝑧 −1

𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝜀𝑟.𝑚.𝑠. = 2𝜋𝑓𝑁𝐴𝜇0 𝑛𝐼𝑟.𝑚.𝑠.

𝑠 = 2𝜋𝑁𝐴𝜇0 𝑛𝐼𝑟.𝑚.𝑠.

𝑠 5.00𝑥10−6
𝜇0 = =
2𝜋𝑁𝐴𝑛𝐼𝑟.𝑚.𝑠. 2𝜋(30)(1.62x10−3 )(1.579x103 )(10.00x10−3 )
= 1.04x10−6 𝐻 𝑚−1

Discussions:

(a) Precautions
(i) The rheostat itself is also a solenoid and should be placed away from the
other apparatus.
(ii) All connections of wire and other devices must be in good contact.
(iii) Carry out the experiment reasonably fast to prevent wires from heating up.
(iv) The current is kept constant throughout the experiment.
(b) Sources of error
(i) Inaccurate diameter D of the coil C3 obtained due the layer of plastic
within the coil.
(ii) End error of the meter rule used due to wear and tear.
(iii) Instrument drift of the signal generator.
(iv) Nearby magnetic source and magnetic fields may have slightly interfered
with the experimental since magnetism affects all matter.
(v) Difficulty to keep the current constant as we have fluctuating reading on
the multimeter.
(c) Steps to overcome the weakness of the experiment
(i) Use a new metre rule.
(ii) Take into account the thin layer of plastic within the coil when measuring
the diameter of the coil C3.
(iii) Repeat the experiment for a several times to reduce random error and
increase the accuracy of the results.

Conclusion:

The induced e.m.f. increases linearly with the number of turns of the coil.

The estimated value of permeability of free space, µ0 is 1.04x10-6 H m-1.

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