Scribd
Upload
31 views

Condition) .: Shock Waves in The Traffic Stream

1) Shock waves occur in traffic flow as a result of bottlenecks that suddenly reduce road capacity, such as accidents, lane reductions, or traffic signals turning red. 2) There are four types of shock waves: frontal stationary, backward forming, backward recovery, and rear stationary with forward recovery. 3) Shock wave speed is calculated based on the flow and density of traffic upstream and downstream of the shock wave. Shock waves can cause safety issues when drivers experience sudden changes in traffic conditions.

Uploaded by

Coreen Malabanan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
31 views

Condition) .: Shock Waves in The Traffic Stream

1) Shock waves occur in traffic flow as a result of bottlenecks that suddenly reduce road capacity, such as accidents, lane reductions, or traffic signals turning red. 2) There are four types of shock waves: frontal stationary, backward forming, backward recovery, and rear stationary with forward recovery. 3) Shock wave speed is calculated based on the flow and density of traffic upstream and downstream of the shock wave. Shock waves can cause safety issues when drivers experience sudden changes in traffic conditions.

Uploaded by

Coreen Malabanan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Malabanan, Coreen Mae H.

CE-4204

SHOCKWAVES IN TRAFFIC STREAM

The flow of traffic along a stream can be considered similar to a fluid flow.

Shock Waves in the traffic stream

 Byproduct of traffic congestion and queueing on highway due to


sudden reduction of capacity of highway (known as bottle neck
condition).

 They are transition zones between two traffic states that move
through a traffic environment.

 Shockwaves are one of the major safety concerns for transportation agencies because the sudden
change of conditions drivers experience as they pass through a shockwave often can cause accidents.

 The sudden reduction in capacity could be due to crash, reduction in the number of lanes, restricted
bridge sizes, work zones, a signal turning red and so forth.

TYPES OF SHOCK WAVES

1. Frontal stationary shock waves – formed when the capacity suddenly reduces to zero at an
approach.
2. Backward forming shock waves – formed when the capacity is reduced below the demand flow
rate resulting in the formation of queue upstream of the bottleneck.
3. Backward recovery shock waves – formed when the demand flow rate becomes less than the
capacity of the bottleneck or the restriction causing the capacity reduction in the bottleneck is
removed.
4. Rear stationary and forward recovery shock waves – formed when the demand flow rate
upstream of a bottleneck is first higher that the capacity of the bottleneck and then the demand flow
rate reduces to the capacity of the bottleneck.

VELOCITY OF SHOCK WAVES

Variables:

q Flow
C Capacity
k Density
𝑢 Speed
𝑢𝑟 Relative speed
𝑢𝑤 Shock wave speed
N No. of vehicles crossing
wave boundary
t Time
Formulas:

Shock wave speed (𝑢𝑤 ) Relative speed (𝑢𝑟 )


With 𝑢1 equal to the space mean speed of vehicles
(𝑞2 − 𝑞1 ) in the area, the speed relative to the line 𝑤 is
𝑢𝑤 =
(𝑘2 − 𝑘1 )
𝑢𝑟1 = 𝑢1 − 𝑢𝑤
The number of vehicles crossing
the line w from area P during a time period t is

𝑁 = 𝑢𝑟1 𝑘1 𝑡

SHOCK WAVES AND QUEUE LENGTHS DUE TO RED PHASE AT A SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION

Space time diagram at a signalized intersection

Shock Wave at Signalized Intersection

𝒒𝟐 − 𝒒𝟏 𝒒𝟏 − 𝒒𝟐 𝒒𝟏 Length of queue at the end of red signal = 𝑟 𝑥 𝜔13


𝝎𝟏𝟐 = = = = 𝒖𝟏
𝒌𝟐 − 𝒌𝟏 𝒌𝟏 − 𝒌𝟐 𝒌𝟏 where r = length of red signal indication

𝒒𝟏 − 𝒒𝟑 𝒒𝟏 − 𝟎 𝒒𝟏 Maximum queue length,


𝝎𝟏𝟑 = = =
𝒌𝟏 − 𝒌𝟑 𝒌𝟏 − 𝒌𝒋 𝒌𝟏 − 𝒌𝒋 𝑟𝜔13 𝜔34
̅𝑆𝑇
̅̅̅ =
𝜔34 − 𝜔13
𝒒𝟐 − 𝒒𝟑 𝟎 − 𝟎 Additional time,
𝝎𝟐𝟑 = = =𝟎 𝑟𝜔13
𝒌𝟐 − 𝒌𝟑 𝟎 − 𝒌𝒋 ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝑆 =
𝜔13 − 𝜔34
𝒒𝟐 − 𝒒𝟒 𝟎 − 𝒒𝟒
𝝎𝟐𝟒 = = = 𝒖𝟒
𝒌𝟐 − 𝒌𝟒 𝟎 − 𝒌𝟒

𝒒𝟑 − 𝒒𝟒 𝟎 − 𝒒𝟒 −𝒒𝟒
𝝎𝟑𝟒 = = =
𝒌𝟑 − 𝒌𝟒 𝒌𝒋 − 𝒌𝟒 𝒌𝒋 − 𝒌𝟒

You might also like