Solar Hot Water System Specifications
Solar Hot Water System Specifications
GENERAL
This specification addresses the installation of solar thermal hot water systems with electric back-up
powered system for use in domestic hot water heating.
The Minimum Design Life for solar hot water systems shall be 20 years.
All documentation and components furnished by Design-Builder shall be developed, designed, and/or
fabricated using high quality design, materials, and workmanship meeting the requirements of the
Purchaser-Owner and all applicable industry codes and standards. Reference is made in these
specifications to various standards under which the Work is to be performed or tested. The
installations shall comply with at least, but not limited to, the latest approved versions of the
International Building Code (IBC), National Electrical Code (NEC), and all other federal, state, and
local jurisdictions having authority.
Design-Builder shall conform to all specification and guidelines from equipment manufacturers.
DESIGN STANDARDS
The design, products, and installation shall comply with at least, but not limited to, the following
electrical industry standards, wherever applicable:
In addition to the above, the solar collectors proposed by Design-Builder shall comply with at least,
but not limited to, the following:
• Solar Rating & Certification Corporation Standard 100 Minimum Standards for Solar Thermal
• Solar Rating & Certification Corporation Standard 300 Minimum Standards for Solar Water
Heating
• All equipment and installation shall qualify for available solar hot water incentives.
• Acceptable mounting methods for panels shall be provided by the manufacturer. Bolted and
similar
connections shall be non-corrosive and include locking devices designed to prevent twisting.
• If collectors using hazardous materials are to be provided, then the environmental impact of
the
hazardous material usage must be disclosed, including any special maintenance requirements and
proper
• Glazed Closed Loop Flat Plate Collector: Provide minimum 65% optical efficiency, rugged
high quality
selective-surface absorber plate, non-degrading thermal insulation and optional rapid connections kits
to
interconnect collectors, ports for collector temperature sensors, air vents and electronic differential
controls.
• The collector shall have no less than 95% transmission, eta conversion factor of no less than
0.75 by
gross area.
• Array Layout: Collector array shall be oriented so that all collectors face the same direction.
Space
collectors arranged in multiple rows so that no shading from other collectors is evident between 1000
hours and 1500 hours solar time on December 21. Indicate minimum spacing between rows. Collector
array must have a minimum surface orientation factor (SOF) of 0.75.
with approximately equal pipe length for any possible flow path. Indicate flow rate through the
collector
array. Provide each collector bank isolated by valves, with a pressure relief valve and with the
capability
of being drained. Locate manually operated air vents at system high points, and pitch array piping a
minimum of 0.25 inch per foot so that piping can be drained by gravity. Supply calibrated balancing
• Supports for Solar Collector Array: Utilize the existing support structure and recertify that it
will be
covered under the Design-Builders warranty of 10 years with an optional 20 warranty. If a new
support
is proposed, the Design-Builder must provide a support structure for the collector array of aluminum,
stainless steel, or other corrosion-resistant approved material. Furnish a support structure which
secures
the collector array at the proper tilt angle with respect to horizontal and orientation with respect to true
south. Provide a support structure that will withstand the static weight of filled collectors and piping,
wind, seismic, and other anticipated loads without damage. Provide a support structure which allows
access to all equipment for maintenance, repair, and replacement. Neoprene or EPDM washers shall
separate all dissimilar metals. Depending on system type, supports for solar array could terminate in
TRANSPORT SUBSYSTEM
• Heat Exchanger (if required by system design): For system designs requiring a heat
exchanger, provide
a minimum design pressure rating of 150 psi. Construct heat exchanger of 316 stainless steel,
titanium,
least 240 °F. Tube-in-tube copper side-arm heat exchangers are acceptable for appropriate system
types.
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Form: SHW102
• Pumps (for active systems): For active solar system designs requiring a pump, provide
electricallydriven,
mounting intended for the purpose, or by the piping on which installed if appropriate to the size.
Construct the pump shaft of corrosion resistant alloy steel with a mechanical seal. Provide stainless
steel
impellers and casings of bronze. Pump motor start stop shall be controlled by the solar thermal
temperature control system that is compatible with open communication protocol and meets CSI
thermal incentive program requirements complete with manual override (Hand-Off-Automatic). Pumps
shall be installed with isolation valves so the pump can be serviced without draining the system.
• Heat Transfer Fluid Heat transfer fluid shall be compatible with all materials in the system.
The nature
and amount of heat transfer fluid will depend on the type of system proposed and the freeze
conditions
encountered at the site. Any anti-freeze, conditioners or corrosion inhibitors added to the heat transfer
fluid must be non-toxic and intended for use in potable water systems when used with single wall heat
exchangers.
PIPING SYSTEM
Provide a piping system complete with pipe, pipe fittings, valves, strainers, expansion loops, pipe
hangers,
inserts, supports, anchors, guides, sleeves, and accessories with this specification and the drawings.
Pipe shall be
designed to observe limits on flow velocity, pressure drop and gauge pressure associated with the
pipe type and
characteristics.
Provide piping flow rates below 5 feet per second. Piping shall be Type L or Type M copper tubing,
ASTM B88,
with 95-5 tin-antimony soldered joints. If cold water piping supplying the SWH system is of another
type,
such as PVC, it shall be replaced within 10 feet of the SWH system with copper to avoid bulging and
rupture
All work performed as described herein including but not limited to piping, fixtures, fitting, solder, flux
and
panels shall meet California Code requirements for Lead Free products and the installation of these
products as
• Provide outside array piping insulation with a capability of withstanding 250 °F, except that
piping
insulation within 1.5 feet of collector connections shall be capable of withstanding 400°F. Protect
outside piping insulation from water damage and ultraviolet degradation with a suitable outer coating
manufactured for this purpose (aluminum, sunlight resistant PVC or approved equal).
• If systems are proposed with multiple collector banks, provide calibrated balancing valves
suitable for
125 psig and 250 °F service. Furnish calibrated balancing valves with bronze body/brass ball
construction with seat rings compatible with system fluid and differential readout ports across valve
seat
area. Provide readout ports fitted with internal insert of compatible material and check valve. Provide
calibrated balancing valves with a memory stop feature to allow valve to be closed for service and
reopened to set point without disturbing balance position, and with a calibrated nameplate to assure
specific valve settings. Provide calibrated balancing valves and ball valves at the outlet of each
collector
bank. The balancing valves are specified to allow the array to be flow balanced. The ball valves are
• Provide pressure gauges with throttling type needle valve or a pulsation dampener and
shutoff valve.
• Support and hang piping so that the weight of the piping is not supported by drywall, siding,
or other
building members not designed to bear load. Support piping so that thermal expansion and
contraction
of pipe lengths is accommodated. Supports shall be replaced to ensure piping does not sag.
• Provide valves compatible with the piping. Ball valves shall be used for shutoff, with full port,
bronze
body, bronze ball and Teflon seat. Bronze hose-end gate valves shall be used for draining low points
of
piping.
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Form: SHW102
• All exposed and accessible hot water piping must be insulated with material which has a
minimum of
R2.6 value.
ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
Provide electrical equipment and wiring in accordance with NFPA 70, the NEC, and UL. Furnish
motor starters
complete with thermal overload protection and other appurtenances necessary for the motor control
specified.
Provide each motor of sufficient size to drive the equipment at the specified capacity without
exceeding the
MOUNTING SYSTEM
The mounting systems shall be designed and installed such that the panels may be fixed with reliable
components proven in similar projects, and shall be designed to resist dead load, live load, corrosion,
UV
degradation, wind loads, and seismic loads appropriate to the geographic area over the expected 25-
year
lifetime. The Design-Builder’s design shall sufficiently respond to the design requirements imposed by
Federal,
State, and local jurisdictions in effect at the time of Agreement execution and any pending code
decisions
affecting the design shall be identified during Schematic Design. Design-Builder shall conduct an
analysis, and
submit evidence thereof, including calculations, of each structure affected by the performance of the
scope
described herein, and all attachments and amendments. The analysis shall demonstrate that existing
structures
are not compromised or adversely impacted by the installation of panels, equipment, or other activity
related to
this scope. Mounting systems must also meet the following requirements at a minimum:
attaining a minimum 25-year design life. Particular attention shall be given to the prevention of
the design and selection of mounting systems such that neither the mounting system nor the surface
on
• Each collector mounting system must be certified by the collector manufacturer as (1) an
acceptable
mounting system that shall not void the module warranty, and (2) that it conforms to the module
• Final coating and paint colors shall be reviewed and approved by the Purchaser-Owner
during Design
Review.
• Painting or other coatings must not interfere with the grounding and bonding of the array.
CORROSION CONTROL
In addition to the above, Corrosion Control proposed by Design-Builder must comply with at least, but
not
• Fasteners and hardware throughout system shall be stainless steel or material of equivalent
corrosion
resistance
corrosion resistance
• Each system and associated components must be designed and selected to withstand the
environmental
conditions of the site (e.g., temperatures, winds, rain, flooding, etc.) to which they will be exposed.
ROOFING REQUIREMENTS
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Form: SHW102
The installation of collectors and other equipment shall provide adequate room for access and
maintenance of
existing equipment on the building roofs. A minimum of three feet of clearance will be provided
between
equipment and existing mechanical equipment and other equipment mounted on the roof. A minimum
of four
feet of clearance shall be provided between equipment and the edge of the roof. Clearance guidelines
of the
local fire marshal shall be followed. The equipment shall not be installed in a way that obstructs air
flow into or
Proposed roof top mounted systems may be ballasted, standing seam attachment, or penetrating
systems and
• Systems shall not exceed the ability of the existing structure to support the entire solar
thermal system
and withstand increased wind uplift and seismic loads. The capability of the existing structure to
support proposed solar systems shall be verified by Design-Builder prior to design approval.
• Design-Builder shall perform all work so that existing roof warranties shall not be voided,
reduced, or
• No work shall compromise roof drainage, cause damming or standing water or cause
excessive soil
build-up.
• Thermal movement that causes scuffing to the roof must be mitigated as part of the mounting
solution.
• Detail(s) for the sealing of any roof penetrations shall be approved in writing to the
Purchaser-Owner, as
well as the manufacturer of the existing roofing system, as part of system design review and approval
–
prior to Design-Builder proceeding with work. The Purchaser-Owner will make available the roofing
manufacturer for each building for consultation with Design-Builder as part of the design process.
contractor who is certified by the roofing materials manufacturer for the specific materials or systems
comprising each roof upon which a solar system will be installed. The roofing contractor shall also be
safety prequalified by the Purchaser-Owner.
• As part of the design submittals, Design-Builder shall include signed certificates from the
roofing
manufacturer stating:
o Project Plans and specs meet the requirements of the warranty of the Complete Roofing
o Existing warranty incorporates the new roofing work and flashing work.
• Any damage to roofing material during installation of solar systems must be remedied by
DesignBuilder.
• The installation of panels and other equipment on building roofs will be designed to minimize
visibility
MONITORING SYSTEMS
Design-Builder shall design, build, activate and ensure proper functioning of the necessary Data
Acquisition
Systems (DAS) that enable the Purchaser-Owner to track the performance of the Solar Systems as
well as
environmental.
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Form: SHW102
Metering and monitoring equipment installed shall include, but is not limited to a data acquisition
system, a
BTU meter, i.e. a flow meter, a temperature sensor pair, and a calculator. Btu meters must satisfy
maximum
permissible errors of OIML R75 Class 1 accuracy. Assembled Btu meters are allowable if Btu
calculations are
Data must be collected in 15-minute intervals that will be available on a daily basis. Data collected
must include
date, time, solar Btu delivered, cold water supply temperature, solar hot water delivery temperature,
collector
temperature, run time of pump(s) and log data which will include alarms, system messages, system
events and
trends.
The monitoring system must have remote communication capability whereby performance data can
be collected,
accessed remotely and uploaded for processing by a Performance Data Provider (PDP). The PDP
provider must
retain performance date for five years from the data collection end date.
A Monitoring Manual shall be provided to the Purchaser-Owner in printed or on-line form that
describes how to
use the monitoring system, including the export of data and the creation of custom reports.
Design-Builder is responsible for designing and installing a solar system that meets freeze protection
requirements set forth by SRCC and IAMPO for the appropriate climate zone of the site.
Closed loop recirculation systems must have a minimum of two separate freeze protection
mechanisms on each
system. In addition to manual intervention, a separate freeze protection mechanism must be designed
to function
Design-Builder is responsible for designing and installing a solar system that meets stagnation and
overheat
Closed loop drainback systems must have a controller which will shut down a pump when the storage
tank
For closed loop systems, acceptable stagnation control measures include, but are not limited to
advanced
controller with thermal cycling function, heat dump radiator, steam back, pressure stagnation
protection.
SHADING
Design-Builder shall adhere to the following requirements in order to avoid excessive shading on
panels. For
any object near an array that is higher than the lowest point of that array by height H, Design-Builder
shall
Any Design-Builder whose system design does not adhere to these rules shall perform a shading
analysis
justifying the basis for their design, including any proposed tree removal, and explaining why shading
does not
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Form: SHW102
Any trees that are in the footprint of systems to be installed by the Design-Builder shall be removed by
the
Design-Builder at their expense, subject to the approval of the Purchaser-Owner. A tree shall be
considered to
be in the footprint of a system if its canopy would extend over any part of the system, including
structural
components or modules. The Design-Builder shall be responsible for any required tree remediation
efforts
WARRANTIES
All solar collectors must have a minimum of a 10 year manufacturer’s performance warranty to protect
against
defects and a 15% performance degradation. Additionally, the Design-Builder shall provide a 20-year
warranty
All systems must have a minimum 10 year performance warranty to protect the host against more
than a 15%
degradation of system performance over the 10 year period that may occur as a result of faulty
installation.
All systems must have a minimum 1 year warranty on installation labor and workmanship not
otherwise covered
The mounting system shall have a 20-year warranty covering at least structural integrity and
corrosion.
Design-Builder shall provide a comprehensive ten (10) year warranty on all system components
against defects
in materials and workmanship under normal application, installation, and use and service conditions.
All work performed by Design-Builder must not render void, violate, or otherwise jeopardize any
preexisting
CONSTRUCTION
SCOPE OF SUPPLY
Design-Builder shall provide all necessary labor, materials, equipment, and services required to install
complete
integrated turnkey solar thermal systems. Design-Builder shall supply all solar collectors, mounting
equipment,
piping, pumps, controls, metering, related wiring, monitoring equipment, and all ancillary equipment
necessary
to install the solar system and interconnect it to the Purchaser-Owner hot water system. The solar
system
installations shall comply with all contract requirements, technical specifications, approved design
documents,
and applicable regulatory codes and requirements. Design-Builder shall submit As-Built Construction
Drawings
in hard copy with two (2) sets and an electronic copy in DWG format on compact disc to the
Purchaser-Owner
after completion of the Proving Period for each system at each site.
Materials and equipment incorporated in the Work shall be new and suitable for the use intended. No
material or
equipment shall be used for any purpose other than that for which it is designed, specified or
indicated.
Design-Builder shall use means necessary to protect the materials and equipment before, during and
after
installation. Design-Builder shall promptly replace lost or damaged materials and equipment with
equal, or
LINE LOCATION
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Form: SHW102
Design-Builder will be responsible for locating, identifying and protecting existing underground utilities
conduits, piping, substructures, etc. and ensuring that no damage is inflicted upon existing
infrastructure. In
addition to USA Dig and utility line-locating, a private line-locator must be used for any project
requiring
underground work.
TREE REMOVAL
Any trees that are in the footprint of systems to be installed by the Design-Builder shall be removed by
the
Design-Builder at their expense, subject to the approval of the Purchaser-Owner. A tree shall be
considered to
be in the footprint of a system if its canopy would extend over any part of the system, including
structural
components or collectors. The Purchaser-Owner will remove or prune, at its discretion, trees planted
outside of
the work area that shade collectors (at present time or in the foreseeable future), provided the Design-
Builder
identifies these trees during the design process. The Design-Builder shall be responsible for any
required tree
remediation efforts resulting from tree removal that is deemed the Design-Builder’s responsibility.
CLEANING
• Purge new piping and parts of existing water piping that have been altered, extended, or
repaired before
using. Use purging and disinfecting procedure prescribed by authorities having jurisdiction or, if
method
is not prescribed, procedure described in either AWWA C651 or AWWA C652. Submit water samples
in sterile bottles to authorities having jurisdiction. Repeat procedure if biological examination shows
contamination.
Clean the non-potable solar thermal side of the system including the solar thermal collectors and heat
exchanger
according to manufacturer’s recommendations. Clean all piping by flushing the piping system with
clean,
Design-Builder shall implement a Quality Assurance / Quality Control (QA/QC) plan for construction
activities
shall submit a copy of the QA/QC Plan for review and approval by the Purchaser-Owner.
adherence to construction documents and contractual requirements, and rapid identification and
• Utilize best practice methods for communicating progress, performing work according to the
approved
• Keep the Site clean and orderly throughout the duration of construction. All trash and rubbish
shall be
disposed of off-site by licensed waste disposal companies and in accordance with applicable Law.
• Provide equipment marking, as well as labeling and signage for the Project that shall be
removed after
Project completion.
• Fully comply with all applicable notification, safety and Work rules (including Purchaser-
Owner safety
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Form: SHW102
• Provide Special Inspection for trenching, rebar, concrete, welding, and roof attachment work,
according
to AHJ requirements.
• Route all electrical collection system wiring and conduits in a neat and orderly fashion and in
accordance with all applicable code requirements. All cable terminations, excluding module-to-module
and module-to-cable harness connections, shall be permanently labeled.
• Torque all mechanical and electrical connections and terminations according to manufacturer
• Provide all temporary road and warning signs, flagmen or equipment as required to safely
execute the
Work. Street sweeping services shall also be provided as required to keep any dirt, soil, mud, etc. off
of
roads. Comply with all state and local storm water pollution prevention (SWPP) ordinances.
Design-Builder shall remove all construction spoils, abandoned footings, utilities, construction
equipment and
other byproducts of construction. All disturbed areas including landscaping, asphalt, and concrete
shall be
remediated to be in equal or better condition than found. Parking lots shall be re-striped if affected by
construction operations.
The site shall be left clean and free of debris or dirt that has accumulated as a result of construction
operations.
Following completion of construction, Design-Builder shall provide the following services related to
startup and
• Acceptance Testing
• System Startup
• Proving Period
A detailed Testing Plan covering each of the phases above shall be submitted and approved by the
PurchaserOwner
prior to substantial completion of construction. A detailed description of each phase is provided below.
ACCEPTANCE TESTING
Design-Builder shall perform a complete acceptance test for each System. The acceptance test
procedures
include component tests as well as other standard tests, inspections, safety and quality checks. All
testing and
• Detailed test methods, including sample calculations and reference to standards as required
or
• Pre-test checklist to ensure readiness and any safety measures are in-place.
• Acceptance Criteria: For each test phase, specifically indicate what is considered an
acceptable test
result.
The Acceptance Testing section of the Testing Plan shall include (but not be limited to) the following
tests:
• Testing performance of the collectors relative to insolation, ambient temperature and inlet
temperature
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Form: SHW102
After Design-Builder conducts all Acceptance Testing based on the Testing Plan approved by the
PurchaserOwner
prior to substantial completion, Design-Builder shall submit a detailed Acceptance Test Report to the
The Acceptance Test Report shall document the results of the tests conducted following the Testing
Plan, and
include additional information such as the date and time each test was performed. It shall also make
reference to
any problem and deficiencies found during testing. If there was troubleshooting done, the Report shall
describe
the troubleshooting methods and strategy. Design-Builder shall be responsible for providing the labor
and
Following Purchaser-Owner approval of the Acceptance Test Report, Design-Builder shall conduct
tests over
twenty-four (24) hours and at a time resolution of fifteen (15) minutes, recording the following data:
• In-plane irradiance
• Ambient temperature
These data points shall be presented in a manner that best depicts the actual performance of the
system for
Purchaser-Owner review and approval and shall be submitted as part of the Startup Test Report.
Upon completion of Acceptance Testing and System Startup, and approval by the Purchaser-Owner,
DesignBuilder
shall monitor the system during a thirty (30) day Proving Period and submit a report for
PurchaserOwner
review and approval prior to final acceptance by the Purchaser-Owner. This includes monitoring
system
output and ensuring the correct functioning of system components over this time. The values for the
following
data shall be acquired every fifteen (15) minutes over thirty (30) days:
• In-plane irradiance
• Ambient temperature
• System availability
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Form: SHW102
Design-Builder shall utilize calibrated test instruments and DAS and monitoring system to collect the
test data
described above, which shall be made available to the Purchaser-Owner for access throughout the
Proving
Period. Design-Builder shall determine through analysis of data from the Proving Period whether the
solar
thermal system delivers the expected production as determined by the final approved design (i.e.,
Construction
Documents). Actual production shall be compared against expected production using actual weather
data and
All data and reports required in system testing shall be fully functional and available to the Purchaser-
Owner at
the commencement of the Proving Period. Data and reporting requirements are included in the testing
scope of
the Proving Period and deficiencies in these areas (including missing data, inaccurate reports, and
other issues
that make validation of system performance inconclusive) shall be grounds for denying approval of
the Proving
Period Report.
If the solar thermal system does not perform to design specifications, diagnostic testing shall be
performed by
Design-Builder, deficiencies shall be identified with proposed corrective actions submitted to the
PurchaserOwner,
and the Proving Period test repeated. Design-Builder shall be responsible for providing the labor and
equipment necessary to troubleshoot the system. The Proving Period Report shall be submitted after
the
successful completion of this phase and submitted to the Purchaser-Owner for review and approval.
The report
shall contain, but not be limited to, the following information; calculations shall be provided in Excel
format
• System description
• Test period
• Test results
• Anomalies identified during test
Close-Out documents prepared by Design-Builder must include at minimum, but not limited to, the
following
items:
• Final As-Built Drawing Set, provided in (2) hard copy sets and an electronic copy in DWG
format (or as
desired by Purchaser-Owner)
• O&M Manuals – Design-Builder shall provide two (2) copies of O&M Manuals. Updated
editions of
O&M Manuals shall be sent electronically to the Purchaser-Owner as they become available.
Design-Builder shall offer Operations and Maintenance services for ten (10) years with their Proposal,
with an
option to extend the Contract for up to an additional ten (10) years. The Purchaser-Owner reserves
the right to
not execute the Operations and Maintenance services agreement. In offering such services, Design-
Builder shall
perform all necessary preventive and corrective maintenance, which includes routine maintenance
adjustments,
replacements, and repairs with supporting documentation delivered to the Purchaser-Owner after the
Work has
been performed. Maintenance by Design-Builder shall ensure that all warranties are preserved. The
frequency
Environmental sensors such as pyranometers shall be tested and recalibrated at least once every
three (3) years.
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Form: SHW102
Design-Builder shall log all maintenance calls and document all maintenance activities. These
activities shall be
Design-Builder shall perform the following maintenance services, at a minimum, as described below:
PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE
• Test system performance vs. insolation and ambient temperature to verify continued
performance at
• System visual inspection to include but not be limited to the list below. All discovered issues
shall
be resolved as needed.
o Inspect for stolen, broken or damaged collectors, record damage and location. Report to the
o Inspect piping and other hardware for signs of damage from vandalism or animal damage.
defective collectors found during testing, other minor maintenance repair work.
that effect on production is no more than 5%, but not less often than twice a year.
• Routine DAS maintenance to include sensor calibration and data integrity check
• Dispatch of field service resources within two business days of notification (via automated or
manual means) for repairs as necessary to maintain system performance.
• Any corrective action required to restore the system to fully operational status shall be
completed
issues.
• Support line shall be staffed during operational hours from 8 am – 6 pm local time. During
times
outside of this operational period, an urgent call shall be able to be routed to a supervisor for
immediate action.
• Pump repair and component replacement and refurbishment as required in the event of
pump
failure.
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Form: SHW102
• Pump inspection and regular servicing as required under pump manufacturer’s warranty
specifications. Those include but are not limited to the following annually:
o Perform a complete visual inspection of all connected systems including expansion tank and
pumpcomponents.
TRAINING
The Respondent shall provide four (4) hours of on-site training for Purchaser-Owner personnel in all
aspects of
operation and shall be scheduled to take place at the jobsite at a time agreeable to both the
Purchaser-Owner and
Design-Builder. At a minimum, training topics shall include the following:
• Calibration and adjustment procedures for flow meter, temperature sensors, pressure gauges
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