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Vibration Analysis and Monitoring

The document discusses fundamentals of vibration analysis and monitoring, including definitions of key terms like amplitude, frequency, and phase. It also covers vibration measurement technologies and modeling vibration systems using concepts like degrees of freedom. The focus is on introducing single-degree-of-freedom models for undamped and damped free and forced vibration.

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Slim Shaddys
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49 views

Vibration Analysis and Monitoring

The document discusses fundamentals of vibration analysis and monitoring, including definitions of key terms like amplitude, frequency, and phase. It also covers vibration measurement technologies and modeling vibration systems using concepts like degrees of freedom. The focus is on introducing single-degree-of-freedom models for undamped and damped free and forced vibration.

Uploaded by

Slim Shaddys
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VIBRATION ANALYSIS AND

MONITORING

Lecture 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology
Faculty of Engineering Technology
Quot
es

The knowledge of anything, since all things have causes,


is not acquired or complete unless it is known by its causes.

Ibn Sina
Contents

1. Fundamental of Vibration
2. Introduction of Vibration Analysis
Fundamental of Vibration

• Most engineering structures vibrate :

Cars, aircraft, machinery, fan, turbomachinery

• Lighter material is developed and widely used

• Faster transportation vehicle needed.


Example: Aircraft Vibration
Consequently,

Excessive vibration

F
a
i e
l
u
r
Noise
Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome
Technologies and Definitons
Physical Components of Vibration:

1. Mass – Store of Kinetic Energy

2. Stiffness – Store of Potential Energy mass

3. Damping – Dissipate Energy

4. Force – Provide Energy stiff ness damping


All this course assume that the forces and resulting motion are in
time harmonic: periodic motion that repeats at regular interval.

F (t)
Written as :

x (t) = X cos(ωt +φ) x (t)


For short, we just write :

x t   Xe jt

where :

cosωt ± sinωt
e± jωt = mass
Three important terms in vibration measurements:

• Amplitude –
How much
x (t) = X cos(ωt +φ)
• Frequency –
How fast

• Phase – How it is vibrating


Amplitude

Frequency

Phase
Amplitude

Is the level of vibration from


‘equilibrium’ position.
max Amplitude :

ymax = A

instantaneous Amplitude

y =B
(t = to)
• Frequency

Is the number of cycles per second (Hertz)

f = 1

T
T is the period: time
required to complete 1
cycle
• Phase
Any part of the path described by a particle or body in making a complete
vibration

Animation courtesy of Dr. Dan Russell, Grad. Prog. Acoustics, Penn State University
Animation courtesy of Dr. Dan Russell, Grad. Prog. Acoustics, Penn State University
• Displacements
The distance travel by the mass, how far up and down it is moving

• Velocity
Rate change of displacement. For example, how far it can cover in one
second

• Accelerations
Rate change of velocity. How quickly the mass is speeding up or slowing
down
• Displacements

x (t ) =
Xejωt

• Velocity

dx (t) dt
v (t) = =x= jωXe jωt
• Accelerations

dv (t) dt
a (t) = = x = −ω2 Xejωt
Types of
Vibration F (t)
• Free Vibration

NO external forces act on the system


mass
• Forced Vibration

Forces act on the system

• Damped/Undamped Vibration

Damping does / doesn’t exist


Animation courtesy of Dr. Dan Russell, Grad. Prog. Acoustics, Penn State University
Modelling

Degree of freedom: number of independent coordinates to describe the


motion

Coordinates may be:


• Displacement of some points
• Rotation
• Other (modal amplitudes, wave, etc.)

Number depends on:


• How complex the system is
• Modelling simplifications + assumptions (How we decide to model it)
1 DOF 3 DOF

4 DOF
2 DOF
Could you make a model of this system?
Single-Degree-of-Freedom

• Undamped Free Vibration Newton’s

Law : x
mx  kx  0 m

Or
x  n2 x  0
k

Where :
k
ωn = Natural frequency
m = 2π fn
• Damped Free Vibration

x
mx  cx  kx  0
mass

k c
• Damped Forced Vibration F (t)

x
mx  cx  kx  F (t) mass

k c

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