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Adsorption Presentation

This document summarizes an experiment on adsorption of acetic acid onto activated carbon. The experiment evaluated the effects of flow rate and feed concentration on breakthrough time, height of unused bed, and adsorbate load. It was found that increasing flow rate or feed concentration decreased breakthrough time and height of unused bed, but increased adsorbate load. The data best fit a linear isotherm model. Optimal operating conditions were determined to be a flow rate of 120 mL/min and feed concentration of 0.5 wt%. The document also discussed scaling up the design to a microbrewery application and provided cost estimates.

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114 views22 pages

Adsorption Presentation

This document summarizes an experiment on adsorption of acetic acid onto activated carbon. The experiment evaluated the effects of flow rate and feed concentration on breakthrough time, height of unused bed, and adsorbate load. It was found that increasing flow rate or feed concentration decreased breakthrough time and height of unused bed, but increased adsorbate load. The data best fit a linear isotherm model. Optimal operating conditions were determined to be a flow rate of 120 mL/min and feed concentration of 0.5 wt%. The document also discussed scaling up the design to a microbrewery application and provided cost estimates.

Uploaded by

api-457061381
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Adsorption

Peter Eichhorn, Caitlyn Harrington,


Jon Meyers, Paul Williger
April 10, 2019
Introduction: Background

Adsorption: process where a solute is


separated from fluid stream and transferred
to surface of a solid

Adsorbate: solute(s) transferred from fluid


phase, Acetic Acid
Adsorbent: solid that the adsorbate
adsorbs to, Activated Carbon

Column performance typically limited by


diffusion
● Driving force is concentration gradient

2
Purpose

● Evaluate effects of flow rate and feed concentration on the


breakthrough time, height of unused bed, and adsorbate load
○ determine optimal conditions

● Determine the type of isotherm for our system


○ Linear, Freundlich, Langmuir

● Use our optimal conditions and calculations to scale-up the


adsorption column

3
Equipment

4
Procedure: Bed Properties

5
Procedure: Probe Calibration

6
Procedure: Trials and Regeneration

7
Background: Breakthrough Curve

Outlet concentration remains near zero until mass-transfer zone


reaches tower outlet
Cb: Breakthrough concentration, 0.04
Cd: equal to initial concentration, column ineffective

8
Results: Breakthrough Curve for
0.3 wt% and 120 mL/min Trial

9
Results: Breakthrough Time

tb: decrease with increasing flow rate, decrease with increasing


concentration
10
Results- Height of Unused Bed

HUNB: increase with increasing flow rate, decrease with increasing


concentration
11
Background: Isotherms

Equilibrium between concentration of a solute in the fluid phase


and its concentration on the solid phase
12
Results: Isotherms

Langmuir Freundlich

q= q0c/(K +c) q=Kcn

13
Results: Isotherms

Linear

q=Kc

14
Error: Qualitative Analysis

● Created calibration solutions once

● Assumed conductivity probes were identical

● Bubbles trapped in probe and bed

● Cold water stream disturbed activated carbon

● Bed 2 overflow
○ Potential loss of activated carbon

15
Error: Propagation

Variable Instrument Uncertainty

Volume 50 mL Graduated ±0.5 mL


Cylinder

Volume 10 mL Graduated ±0.05 mL


● Bulk Density Cylinder
○ Uncertainty: ± 30 kg/m^3
Volume 600 mL Beaker ±5 %
○ Percent Error: ± 5%
Flow Rate Flowmeter ±10 mL/min

Mass Scout Pro 2000G ±0.05 g

Conductivity Conductivity Probe ±0.5 μs

Length Ruler ±0.005 m

16
Error: Statistical Analysis

q vs Co q vs Q

P-values of 0.3134 and 0.4504 > 0.05 = alpha

17
Conclusions

General Trends
Increase Flow Rate Increase Feed Concentration

tb (min) Decrease Decrease

HUNB (m) Increase Decrease

qtotal (g acetic acid/g bed) Increase Increase

● Linear isotherm

● Optimal Operating Conditions: 120 mL/min & 0.5 wt% feed

18
Design Extension

Scale-Up:

Microbrewery in the Short North


● Want to adsorb impurities
and particulates in the city
water
● Need to determine size of
column and how often to
regenerate
● Costs associated with this
process

19
Design Extension
Scale-Up Variables

Variable Value

Mass flux (ṁ) 132,000 g/m2-min

Water flow rate (Q) 97,800 mL/min

Initial concentration (Co) 0.500 g/mL


Important variables:
Radius (r) 0.344 m ● Q
Delta (δ) 9.41 min/m ● r
● HT
Total bed height (HT) 5.00 m
● tb
Unused bed height (HUNB) 0.216 m ● tt
Usable bed height (HB) 4.78 m

Breakthrough time (tb) 45.0 min

Total time (tt) 47.0 min

Bulk density (ρb) 566 kg/m3


20
Design Extension

Fixed/Start-Up Costs for Adsorption Column

Unit Quantity Total Price


Year Expenses and Revenues

Column 1 $9823 Unit Cost

Pump 1 $8716 Beer Sales +$21,724,800

Flowmeter 1 $835 Electricity -$10,000

Piping 60 feet $1680 Water -$6000

Ball Valve 7 $2121 Labor -$208,000

Globe Valve 1 $1369 Activated -$80,000


Carbon
Conductivity Probe 2 $523
Net Profit +$21,420,800
Storage Tank 1 $28,200

Installation 1 $510,000

Total Cost - $563,267

21
Questions:

Questions ?

22

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