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Design Considerations: Structural Steel Design Dr. Ammar A. Ali

This document discusses structural steel design and considerations for safety. It provides examples of how plates are designated with their thickness, width, and length. It also discusses how the weight of a plate can be determined. Safety is the primary design consideration and is expressed through factors of safety. The factor of safety is the ratio of the load that causes failure to the maximum allowed load. An example is provided where the allowable stress is 0.66 times the yield stress, giving a factor of safety of 1.5. Load and resistance factors are also used in load and resistance factor design to account for variability.

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19 views

Design Considerations: Structural Steel Design Dr. Ammar A. Ali

This document discusses structural steel design and considerations for safety. It provides examples of how plates are designated with their thickness, width, and length. It also discusses how the weight of a plate can be determined. Safety is the primary design consideration and is expressed through factors of safety. The factor of safety is the ratio of the load that causes failure to the maximum allowed load. An example is provided where the allowable stress is 0.66 times the yield stress, giving a factor of safety of 1.5. Load and resistance factors are also used in load and resistance factor design to account for variability.

Uploaded by

sere
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN

Dr. Ammar A. Ali

The letters PL followed by thickness, width, and length commonly designates plates. In this
designation, thickness and width are fractional inches, and length in feet and inches.

1
PL × 14 × 1′ − 4
2
The weight of a plate can be taken from tables, when available, or computed by using a unit
weight of stee of 49 lb/ft3.

Design Considerations

1. Safety
2. Economy, beauty, fuctionality, maintainability, permanance, …etc.

Safety

The expression of safety is normally made in terms of a factor of safety. The factor of
safety is the ratio of the load (or stress) that causes failure to the maximum load (or stress)
actually allowed in the structure.

In allowable stress design (ASD) the attainment of yield stress in a member is considered to
be analogous to failure.

Although the steel will not actually fail (rupture) at yield, significant and unacceptable
deformations are on the verge of occuring, which may render the structure unusable.

As an example, assume that a member composed of a steel having yield stress Fy has as
specified allowable stress of 0.66 Fy. The factor of safety (F.S.) against yielding would then
be

"𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠" 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦


𝐹𝐹. 𝑆𝑆. = = = = 1.5
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 0.66𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦

The LRFD method uses series of factors of safety called load factors when applied to loads
and resistance factors when applied to member strength or resistance. Each factor is the
result of a statistical study of the variability of the particular quantity and reflects the
probability that the specific load or resistance is incorrect. In that design method strength
reduction factors are used to predict a practical strength and load factors ae used to modify
service loads and estabilish design loads for use in design considerations.

F.S. reasons:

1. Danger to life and property.


2. Confidence in the prediction of loads.

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