GRD Journals- Global Research and Development Journal for Engineering | Volume 4 | Issue 5 | April 2019

ISSN: 2455-5703

Optimal MPPT Control using Boost Converter

for Power Management in PV- Diesel Remote
Area
Sikander Hans Ranjan Walia
Department of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Department of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering
Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala- Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala-
147004, Punjab, India 147004, Punjab, India

Abstract
Maximum power point tracking following (MPPT) is by and large being utilized in sunlight based photovoltaic (PV) control age
frameworks to augment sun-based vitality extraction. In this paper, it is proposed to work the solar-PV framework at the imperfect
MPPT to oversee control balance in a remote area control supply (RAPS) framework. This is performed dependent on three diverse
working modes one is Frequency control mode, second is Active power control mode and the third one is MPPT control mode.
The working modes are chosen dependent on the heap level, and the working method of the diesel generator (for example
synchronous condenser mode or generator mode) This power the executive's methodology adjusts the age and load request that
requires progress between the three working modes without utilizing the fake load. The proposed strategy is capable of extending
the diesel generator lifetime and improves the operating efficiency of the diesel generator. Re-enactment thinks about are done to
approve the adequacy of the imperfect MPPT control methodology in a PV-Diesel RAPS framework and have demonstrated that
the proposed technique can flawlessly keep up the power balance in the RAPS framework while keeping up the voltage and
recurrence inside stipulated cut-off points. Substantial cost savings can also be achieved in the long run due to the lifetime extension
and efficiency improvement of the diesel generator.
Keywords- Photovoltaic Cell, the Boost Converter, MPPT, Inverter and Battery, Solar Energy

I. INTRODUCTION
In today's scenario, solar energy being a sustainable and clean energy resource is the most significant source of non-conventional
energy source available at low minimal cost on this plant. Due to depleting conventional energy resources, harvesting energy using
renewable sources has been in the primary concern of the research society and also the need of the hour[1]. There are plentiful
sources of renewable energy harvesting, and solar energy is one of those sources which is available in abundance and is simple,
portable and reliable to a certain extent [2].
The Solar Photovoltaic module works on Photo-Voltaic principle generating Direct Current (DC) electricity when sunlight
is incident on its surface. The PV module uses silicon cells connected in series to generate the rated voltage and current. The
module has an outer anodised aluminium frame which holds the front toughened glass, silicon cells inside and a back sheet for
protection. The electrical termination from the module is through cables with connectors or a junction [3]. The frame also has bolts
as a provision to position the module above the roof with the help of the module mounting structure.
Electrification of remote/separated zones (where grid availability is beyond the realm of imagination) might be
conceivable by outfitting the sustainable power sources displayed specifically territories [4]. Among these renewable energy
sources, solar and hydro energy sources are additionally encouraging for power age. The hydro and PV system is gaining the
momentum of researchers for electrification in remote/rural areas [5].
Either standalone hydro system or PV system is not sufficient to fulfil the power requirement throughout the year.
Therefore, forgetting the optimal results by combining the advantages of hydro and solar energy sources, PV/hydro hybrid system
has been analysed and also installed [6].
The topographical and climatic condition influences the execution of the hybrid framework. In this way, a reinforcement
is fundamental for the situation when one of the vitality sources isn't accessible, or the power produced by the hybrid framework
isn't equipped for satisfying the power request [7]. To guarantee the consistent power supply and to deal with the discontinuous
idea of vitality frameworks, diesel generator can be incorporated to conquer the issue. Economic analysis and cost optimisation of
such a system have been done to ensure the existence of the system. The additions of diesel generator are advantageous over the
simple renewable energy system but also have some significant problems such as diesel generator needs fossil fuel and surplus
energy during the excellent season cannot be stored and provides short-term storage [8]. To beat these issues, as of late, the
hydrogen stockpiling framework is replacing diesel generator and such power creating frameworks have been structured and
produced for provincial and waterfront private applications. It tends to be presumed that the hydrogen-based framework can turn

All rights reserved by www.grdjournals.com 24

 Optimal MPPT Control using Boost Converter for Power Management in PV- Diesel Remote Area
(GRDJE/ Volume 4 / Issue 5 / 005)

into an ideal framework without help from the grid framework and bring advantage from the specialized and financial perspective
and is additionally reasonable to be connected in the country and beach front private application [9].
Solar energy is brilliant light and warmth from the Sun that is outfit utilizing a scope of regularly developing advancements
such as solar heating, photovoltaic, solar architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis. It is a basic wellspring
of renewable energy and its advancements are extensively portrayed as either passive solar or active solar relying upon how they
catch and convey solar energy or convert it into solar power [10]. Dynamic solar methods incorporate the utilization of photovoltaic
frameworks, concentrated solar power and solar water warming to saddle the vitality.
Remote area control supply (RAPS) frameworks work autonomously from substantial business control frameworks, and
it is a perfect alternative for electrically "separated" areas where association with the utility grid is expensive or actually tricky.
Diesel has been utilized as the overwhelming vitality asset in numerous new RAPS frameworks [11]. The diesel motor generator
(DEG) has the benefit of high dependability, yet natural and monetary variables restrict its proceeding with development. Diesel
cost is expanding, and it puts an overwhelming weight on power buyers. Furthermore, ozone-harming substance outflow and air
pollution brought about by diesel ignition unfavorably influence the earth. Another imperative is its poor effectiveness under low
load condition. As a rule, the load in a RAPS framework vacillates as often as possible and may result in insufficient load factor
[12]. The DEGs in diesel-just RAPS frameworks are generally more significant than average to satisfy the peak need, and working
proficiency can be low amid the off-peak time frame. In this manner, the use of sustainable power source assets in RAPS
frameworks has increased deep consideration [13]
The development in power electronics and material science has helped engineers to come up tiny but powerful systems
to withstand the high-power demand [14]. However, the disadvantage of these systems is the increased power density. The trend
has set in for the use of multi-input converter units that can adequately handle the voltage fluctuations. However, because of high
creation cost and the low efficiency of these frameworks they can barely contend in the focused markets as a prime power
generation source.
The steady increment in the advancement of the solar cells fabricating innovation would make the utilization of these
advances conceivable on a more extensive premise than what the situation is 3 Presently. The utilization of the most up to date
power control instruments called the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) calculations has prompted the expansion in the
efficiency of activity of the solar modules and subsequently is helpful in the field of use of renewable wellsprings of energy [15].

II. RELATED WORK

Some of the recent workings related to the research paper are described below,
The point of solar energy use has been viewed by numerous researchers all around the world. It has been realized that solar cell
works at exceptionally low efficiency and in this manner, a superior control system is required to build the efficiency of the solar
cell. In this field, researchers have created what is currently called the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm [16].
Fathabadi H. has given the idea about the novel PV based battery charger including novel high-efficiency step-up DC/DC
converter, A PV panel together with a combination of the circuit that provides an appropriate voltage/current for charging
rechargeable batteries is called PV battery charger [17]. In combination with the inverter connected to the battery which will result
in providing the supply when there is a need or the main supply is switched off automatically.
Deng Y et al. discuss the lack of change in the pattern for energy usage and consistently expanding of the oil value. Also
examining the sustainable and efficient power vitality sources, particularly the sun-based power and the energy components which
turn out to be the increasingly crucial source. The most effective method to accomplish high-efficiency DC/DC converters is the
real thought in the sustainable framework associated with controlling several applications because of the low voltage of PV
modules which is needed to be converted into a high voltage for the cause [18].
Gu B et al. outline a non-isolated, high-efficiency DC-DC converter with some applications for a low-voltage sustainable
power source, i.e. PV module. The proposed converter uses a transformer to exchange the inductive and capacitive voltage while
accomplishing a high efficiency with a little measured attractive part. Because of consolidating the full activity mode into the
customary high efficiency, the loss of the specified switch is decreased, expanding the efficiency of a DC/DC converter under all
conditions [19].
Da Silva ES et al. presents an enhanced regenerative delicate turn-on and turn-off snubber connected to a lift PWM
converter. The soft-single-switched type boost converter has a switch of the single type which is used to operate for soft switching
in PWM without any high voltage and current stresses. This is accomplished by utilising an assistant inductor, which is attractively
combined with the principle inductor of the converter [20].
Li Q & Wolfs P talks about the yearly photovoltaic (PV) module creation is developing at a high increase rate and has
achieved an approximate 8 of 1727 MW in 2005. Building coordinated PV (BIPV) ventures have developed the most grounded
piece for the PV market, and intuitive network inverters serve as a critical part for deciding an aggregate framework revenue.
Module incorporated converter (MIC) innovation had been turned into a worldwide pattern in lattice intuitive for PV applications
and might help in driving down the equalisation for framework expenses in anchoring of enhanced aggregate framework cost [21].

All rights reserved by www.grdjournals.com 25

 Optimal MPPT Control using Boost Converter for Power Management in PV- Diesel Remote Area
(GRDJE/ Volume 4 / Issue 5 / 005)

III. MODELLING OF PHOTOVOLTAICS CELL

A sunlight based cell is the building square of a sun-oriented board. A photovoltaic module is a frame by associating numerous
sun based cells in arrangement and parallel. Considering only a single solar cell; it can be modelled by utilising a current source,
a diode and two resistors [22]. This model is known as a solitary diode model of the solar cell. Two diode models are likewise
accessible. However, just a single diode model is considered here

Fig. 1: Single diode model of a solar cell

The characteristic equation for a photovoltaic cell is given by [5], [6] and [4].

IV. BOOST CONVERTER

The dc-dc boost converter is mostly used nowadays for many industrial applications, which a variable dc supply needed [23]. In
solar application dc-dc boost converter use for boosting the output voltage of solar panel for varying in the input side resistance of
solar panel compared with the load side resistance by changing the duty cycle a boost converter [24]. A boost converter is used for
this work, and it misses out the maximum tracking point, our system either for trying to other application such as water pumping
system which operates on 230 V, so we use a boost converter [25].

Fig. 2: Power Circuit of Boost Converter

Mode, 1-The operating condition of the boost converter, depends on the duty cycle of the switching frequency if the
switch is closed (ON), a battery provides the charging current to the inductor and inductor is fully charged. There is no current
flowing through the diode cause of capacitor polarity, and so that load current remains constant which is being supplied due to the
discharging of the capacitor. Mode 2- In the operation of the second mode the switch is disconnecting (off), the diode becomes
forward bias. The capacitor will be charge through the energy released by the inductor. The load current remains constant in the
operation of the boost converter [26].

All rights reserved by www.grdjournals.com 26

 Optimal MPPT Control using Boost Converter for Power Management in PV- Diesel Remote Area
(GRDJE/ Volume 4 / Issue 5 / 005)

V. MODELLING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM

In this section, the architecture of a photovoltaic system is shown in Fig.3. A single stage inverter and boost converter utilizing
demonstrating. The board yield is a given to the boost converter in the wake of boosting the voltage is associated with rearranging
and after that supply to stack in this MPPT calculation exchanging beat created and given to the boost converter for shifting the
duty cycle of the boost converter [27]. The interfacing with renewable energy sources is additionally workable for various solar
boards can be feed to the inverter as a dc source [28]. The power originating from battery reinforcement is a given to inverter
through a bi-directional dc-dc converter; the controlled stream of electrical power in either bearing is conceivable by the differing
duty cycle.

Fig. 3: Block Diagram of MPPT Techniques based Photovoltaic System

VI. SIMULATION MODEL AND RESULTS

A. Output Waveform of PV Array

The I-V and PV curves for varying insolation but at a fixed temperature are shown below in Figure 6.1 & 6.2. The characteristic
I-V curve tells that there are two regions in the curve: one is the current source region and another is the voltage source region. In
the voltage source region (in the right side of the curve), the internal impedance is low and in the current source region (in the left
side of the curve), the impedance is high. Irradiance temperature plays a vital role in predicting the I-V characteristic, and while
designing the PV system, the effect of both the factors have to be considered.

Fig. 6.1: I-V Curve of PV array at different insulation but at the fixed temperature

All rights reserved by www.grdjournals.com 27

 Optimal MPPT Control using Boost Converter for Power Management in PV- Diesel Remote Area
(GRDJE/ Volume 4 / Issue 5 / 005)

Fig. 6.2: P-V Curve of PV array at different insulation but at the fixed temperature

From Fig. 6.1, we observed that by increasing the solar radiation at a constant temperature the voltage and current output from PV
array also increases. Hence at higher insulation, we can get our required level voltage. From Fig. 6.2, we observed that by increasing
the solar insulation, the net output power from PV array also increases.

B. Proposed Model in MATLAB SIMULINK

Fig. 6.3: Proposed system model in MATLAB/SIMULINK

All rights reserved by www.grdjournals.com 28

 Optimal MPPT Control using Boost Converter for Power Management in PV- Diesel Remote Area
(GRDJE/ Volume 4 / Issue 5 / 005)

Fig. 6.4: Controller of the proposed system in MATLAB/SIMULINK

C. Waveform of Proposed Model

The simulation starts with 1000 W/m2 radiation and temperature of 25oC. At time 0.5-sec radiation is changed to 500 W/m2 and
again at time 1 sec changed to 1000 W/m2. Fig.6.5 shows the PV side performance with varying radiation. It is observed that the
MPPT algorithm can track the MPP voltage and power at respective radiation.

(a)

All rights reserved by www.grdjournals.com 29

 Optimal MPPT Control using Boost Converter for Power Management in PV- Diesel Remote Area
(GRDJE/ Volume 4 / Issue 5 / 005)

(b)
Fig. 6.5: (a) PV Side performance (b) Zoomed view

Fig.6.6 shows the load side performance with varying radiation. It is observed from the figure that load voltage is changed
with the variation of radiation to consume the maximum available power at different radiation. Three step change of duty in zoomed
view justify the MPPT controller performance.

(a)

(b)
Fig. 6.6: (a) Load side performance (b) Zoomed view

VII. CONCLUSION
P-V, I-V curves are obtained from the simulation of the PV array designed at completely different irradiation levels and
temperatures. The proposed system has been designed in MATLAB SIMULINK. Be that as it may, the execution of the
photovoltaic framework relies upon the ghastly appropriation of solar radiation. Thus, Boost converter is utilized to enhance the
PV yield control, and MPPT techniques are used to build PV framework proficiency. There are different sorts of MPPT strategies.
The Modified awry factor step Incremental Conductance technique is progressively effective in contrast with all other MPPT

All rights reserved by www.grdjournals.com 30

 Optimal MPPT Control using Boost Converter for Power Management in PV- Diesel Remote Area
(GRDJE/ Volume 4 / Issue 5 / 005)

strategies since board terminal voltage is changed by its esteem in respect to the MPP voltage and offers great execution under
rapidly changing air conditions. Therefore, it was seen that by using the Incremental Conductance MPPT technique efficiency of
the photovoltaic system is increased.

REFERENCE
[1] N. Mutoh, T. Matuo, K. Okada, and M. Sakai, “Prediction-data based maximum-power-point-tracking method for photovoltaic power generation systems,”
in Proc. 33rd Annu. IEEE Power Electron. Spec. Conf., pp. 1489-1494, 2002.
[2] K. Kobayashi, H. Matsuo, and Y. Sekine, “A novel optimum operating point tracker of the solar cell power supply system,” in Proc. 35th Annu. IEEE Power
Electron. Spec. Conf., pp. 2147-2151, 2004.
[3] N. Femia, G. Petrone, G. Spagnuolo, and M. Vitelli, “A technique for improving P&O MPPT performances of double-stage grid-connected photovoltaic
systems,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 56, No. 11, pp. 4473-4482, Nov. 2009.
[4] N. Fermia, D. Granozio, G. Petrone, and M. Vitelli, "Predictive & adaptive MPPT perturb and observe method,” IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron Syst., Vol.
43, No. 3, pp. 934-950, Jul. 2007.
[5] A.K. Abdelsalam, A. M. Massoud, S. Ahmed, and P. N. Enjeti, “High-Performance adaptive perturb and observe MPPT technique for photovoltaic-based
microgrids,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 1010-1021, Apr. 2011.
[6] S. Jain and V. Agarwal, “A new algorithm for rapid tracking of approximate maximum power point in photovoltaic systems,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron.
Lett., Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 16-19, Mar. 2004.
[7] W. Xiao and W. G. Dunford, “A modified adaptive hill climbing MPPT method for photovoltaic power systems,” in Proc. 35th Annu. IEEE Power Electron.
Spec. Conf., pp. 1957-1963, 2004.
[8] F. Liu, S. Duan, F. Liu, B. Liu, and Y. Kang, “A variable step size INC MPPT method for PV systems,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 55, No. 7, pp. 2622-
2628, Jul. 2008.
[9] A.Safari and S. Mekhilef, “Simulation and hardware implementation of incremental conductance MPPT with direct control method using cuk converter,”
IEEE Trans.Ind. Electron., Vol. 58, No. 4, pp. 1154-1161, Apr. 2011.
[10] P. E. Kakosimos and A. G. Kladas, “Implementation of photovoltaic array MPPT through fixed step predictive control technique,” Renewable Energy, Vol.
36, pp. 2508-2514, 2011.
[11] Q. Mei, M. Shan, L. Liu and J. M. Guerrero, “A novel improved variable step-size incremental-resistance MPPT method for PV systems,” IEEE Trans. Ind.
Electron., Vol. 58, No. 6, pp. 2427-2434, Jun. 2011.
[12] E. M. Ahmed and M. Shoyama, “Scaling factor design based variable step size incremental resistance maximum power point tracking for PV systems,”
Journal of Power Electronics, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 164-171, Jan. 2012.
[13] A.M. Varnham, G. S. Virk, and D. Azzi, “Soft-computing model-based controllers for increased photovoltaic plant efficiencies,” IEEE Trans. Energy
Convers., Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 873-880, Dec. 2007.
[14] G. Abo-Khalil, D. C. Lee, J. W. Choi, and H. G. Kim, “Maximum power point tracking controller connecting PV system to grid,” Journal of Power Electronics,
Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 226-234, Jul. 2010.
[15] J. L. Agorreta, L. Reinaldos, R. Gonzalez, M. Borrega, J.Balda, and L. Marroyo, “Fuzzy switching technique applied to PWM boost converter operating in
mixed conduction mode for PV systems,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 56, No. 11, pp. 4363-4373, Nov. 2009.
[16] T. Esram and P. L. Chapman, “Comparison of photovoltaic array maximum power point tracking techniques,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., Vol. 22, No. 2,
pp. 439-449, Jun.2007.
[17] M. A. G. D. Brito, L. Galotto, Jr., L. P. Sampaio, G. D. A. E.Melo, and C. A. Canesin, “Evaluation of the main MPPT techniques for photovoltaic applications,”
IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 60, No. 11, pp. 1156-1167, Mar. 2013.
[18] M. G. Villalva, J. R. Gazoli, and E. R. Filho, "Comprehensive approach to modeling and simulation of photovoltaic arrays," IEEE Trans. Power Electron.,
Vol. 24, No. 5, pp. 1198-1208, May. 2009.
[19] Y. Yushaizad, H. Siti, A. L. Muhammad, “Modeling and simulation of maximum power point tracker for photovoltaic system,” National Power & Energy
Conf., pp. 88-93, Nov. 2004.
[20] A.Pandey, N. Dasgupta, and A. K. Mukerjee, “Design issues in implementing MPPT for improved tracking and dynamic performance,” in Proc. IEEE IECON,
pp. 4387-4391, 2006.
[21] S. Hans,S. Gupta “Algorithm for Signature Verification Systems” National conference on Signal & Image Processing(NCSIP-2012), Sri sai Aditya Institute
Of Science & Technology.
[22] S. Hans, S. Gupta “Preprocessing Algorithm for Offline signature System" National Conference on "Recent Trends in Engineering & science"(NCRTES-
2012), Prestige Institute of Engineering & science, Indore.
[23] S. Hans, “An Algorithm for Speed Calculation of a Moving Object For visual Servoing Systems” International Conference on VLSI, Communication and
Networks (VCAN-2011), Institute of Engineering & Technology Alwar-2011.
[24] S. Hans & SG Ganguli (2012) Optimal adaptive Visual Servoing of Robot Manipulators M. Kumar Singla, S. Hans. "Load Forecasting using Fuzzy Logic
Tool Box." Global Research and Development Journal for Engineering 3.8 (2018): 12 - 19.
[25] S. Katyal, S. Raina and S. Hans. "A Brief Comparative Study of Solar Energy." International Journal for Scientific Research and Development 5.4 (2017):
2126-2132.
[26] S. Katyal, S. Raina and S. Hans. "A Energy Audit on Gujarat Solar Plant Charanka." International Journal for Scientific Research and Development 5.4
(2017): 2133-2138.
[27] S. Hans, “A Review of Solar Energy and Energy Audit on Harsha Abacus Solar Plant: A Energy Audit on Gujarat Solar Plant Charanka,” 2018.
[28] R. Walia and S. Ghosh, “Design of active noise control system using hybrid functional link artificial neural network and finite impulse response filters,”
Neural Computing and Applications, September 2018.
[29] R. Walia and S. Ghosh, “Active Noise Control Using Modified FsLMS and Hybrid PSOFF Algorithm,” Applied Sciences-Basel, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 686, April
2018.
[30] N. Yadav, S. Daniel, E. Dilla and R. Walia, “Artificial Intelligent based Controller for Input Nonlinear System Artificial Intelligent based Controller for Input
Nonlinear System”, International Journal of Control Theory and Applications (IJCTA), Vol. 10, No. 6, pp. 251-258, April 2017.
[31] N.K. Yadav and R. Walia, “Fuzzy Based Sliding Mode Controller Design,” National Conference on Emerging Trends in Power Systems and Energy
Management (NCPSEM 2010), pp.58-60, 22-23 February 2010.
[32] R. Walia and H. M. Rai, “Efficient use of non-conventional sources of energy for industrial drives,” Proceedings of National Electrical Engineering
Conference (NEEC-2006), 11 August 2006.
[33] Sikander Hans. "A Brief Comparative Study of Visual Servoing System." International Journal for Scientific Research and Development 6.8 (2018): 145-
155.

All rights reserved by www.grdjournals.com 31