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Numerical J Integral PDF

The document discusses fracture mechanics calculations using the finite element method. It covers J integrals for calculating stress intensity factors in plane and 3D problems. Special finite elements are used near crack tips to improve accuracy due to stress singularities. The stress intensity factor equation is presented for small cracks, and polar and Cartesian representations of stresses around cracks are described for different loading modes. The J-integral is introduced as a way to calculate energy associated with stress singularities. Its use in Ansys for plane problems is also mentioned.

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Gopinath Chakraborty
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© © All Rights Reserved
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250 views

Numerical J Integral PDF

The document discusses fracture mechanics calculations using the finite element method. It covers J integrals for calculating stress intensity factors in plane and 3D problems. Special finite elements are used near crack tips to improve accuracy due to stress singularities. The stress intensity factor equation is presented for small cracks, and polar and Cartesian representations of stresses around cracks are described for different loading modes. The J-integral is introduced as a way to calculate energy associated with stress singularities. Its use in Ansys for plane problems is also mentioned.

Uploaded by

Gopinath Chakraborty
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fracture Mechanics - Calculations

• Theory for calculations of severity of crack.

• FEM – J integrals for plane problems.

• Special Finite Elements + video of crack process

• FEM – J integrals for 3-D problems.

1
Conclusion of continuum exercise

• At sharp edges there is a stress singularity

• The stresses go to infinity

• The strain energy density is limited

• The magnitude of the stress singularity determines the strain energy


density or the stress intensity factor K

• Stress intensity factors should not be confused with stress concentration


factors.

2
Stress Intensity Factor for a small crack with a length of a:

For a very small

3
The crack singularity - polar coordinates

Stress state around crack (Continuum Mechanics)

4
Mode I - Opening mode

Stresses depend on inverse of squareroot of r - singularity

Singularity dominates at the crack tip - C11 depends on external load

Symmetric solution.

5
Mode II - Shearing mode

Stresses depend on inverse of squareroot of r - singularity

Singularity dominates at the crack tip - C21 depends on external load

Antimetric solution.

6
Reformulation of parameters

The D1 is the case with out-of-plane shear (torsion mode).

7
How to find the singularity?

Structure with crack is analysed by means of superposition

8
Structure without crack + stresses on crack

Crack is closed and stresses will be finite.

The stresses on the crack is easily calculated (FEM – hand calculation)

9
Calculation of singularity

10
Singular part - Infinite stresses

The infinite stress state around the crack can be found by

Analytically solution for a crack in an infinite plate subjected to

- 2 opposite point forces (normal or shear direction)

Integration of analytically solution

In this way many analytical or semianalytical solutions have been found.

11
J - integral

The J – integral is a very effective way of calculating the energy associated


with the singularity.

• Numerical stable.

• Independent of material (can be plasticity).

• Easily programmed in a finite element context .

• Basically postprocessing of a Finite Element model with the crack


modelled.

12
Idea of J - integral

J Integral around a closed curve without singularities can be shown to be 0.

13
Definition of J-integral

J-integral is a contour integral of the strain energy (w) – the stresses times
displacement gradients.

14
Reformulation of solution in Cartesian coordinates

The solution on the boundaries are simple.

Depends on plane stress and plane strain. (kappa value)

15
Physical interpretation

• Formulate the polar solution from Mode I in cartesian coordinates

• Insert the Mode I solution

• Calculation of strain energy, stresse and displacement gradients are


relative easy.

• Integration around a contour gives

16
Mode II and Mode III

• Solutions for Mode II in-plane shearing can be solved in a similar way

• Solutions for Mode III out-of-plane is a little more complicated

• Results depend on plane stress/plane strain (beta)

17
Crack driving force

The crack driving force should for stable cracks be less than the material
parameter fracture thoughness

18
J-integral in Ansys Plane Problem

By Søren Heide Lambertsen, Ph.D. student,


Department of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University

19
Special elements - Improved convergence, accuracy

• Isoparametric elements with midside node in the quarter point contain


strains with inverse squareroot singularity.
• Should only be used near crack tips.

20
Triangular, isoparametric elements around crack

Source: Cook et al., ”Concepts and Applications of Finite Element Analysis”,


Wiley.

21
3-D effects

Plane case: Difference between plane stress and plane strain.

22
Video of crack proces in fiberreinforced concrete

• High speed video.

• Pattern recognition to identify different positions.

• Calculation of strains.

23

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