Modern Mathematics
Modern Mathematics
This course deals with nature of mathematics, appreciation of its practical, intellectual, and aesthetic dimensions, and application of
mathematical tools in daily life
The course begins with an introduction to the nature of mathematics as an exploration of patterns (in nature and the environment)
and as an application of inductive and deductive reasoning. By exploring these topics, students are encouraged to go beyond the
typical understanding of mathematics as merely a set of formulas but as a source of aesthetics in patterns of nature, for example,
and a rich language in itself (and of science) governed by logic and reasoning.
The course then proceeds to survey ways in which mathematics provides a tool for understanding and dealing with various aspects
of present-day living, such as managing personal finances, making social choices, appreciating geometric designs, understanding
codes used in data transmission and security, and dividing limited resources fairly. These aspects will provide opportunities for
actually doing mathematics in a broad range of exercises that bring out the various dimensions of mathematics as a way of knowing,
and test the students' understanding and capacity. (CMO No. 20, series of 2013)
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Learning Outcomes
At the end of the course, the students would be able to:
Knowledge
1 Discuss and argue about the nature of mathematics, what it is, how it is expressed, represented, and used
2. Use different types of reasoning to justify statements and arguments made about mathematics and mathematical concepts.
3 Discuss the language and symbols of mathematics.
Skills
4. Use a variety of statistical tools to process and manage numerical data,
5. Analyze codes and coding schemes used for identification, privacy, and security purposes;
6. Use mathematics in other areas such as finance, voting, health and medicine, business, environment, arts and design, and
recreation.
Values
1. Appreciate the nature and uses of mathematics in everyday life
2. Affirm honesty and integrity in the application of mathematics to various human endeavors
COURSE OUTLINE
Section 1. The Nature of Mathematics
l. Mathematics in our World
Core Idea: Mathematics is a useful way to think about nature and our world ll.
Mathematical Language and Symbols
Core Idea: Like any language, mathematics has its own symbols, syntax and
rules Ill. Problem Solving and Reasoning
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Core Idea: Mathematics is not just about numbers; much of it is problem solving and reasoning
Section 2. Mathematics as a Tool
l. Data Management
Core Idea: Statistical tools derived from mathematics are useful in processing and managing numerical data in order to
describe a phenomenon and predict values ll. Part Two
1. Geometric Designs
Core Idea: Geometry can help enhance one's artistic prowess as well as enrich one's own culture
2. Codes
Core Idea: The utility of mathematics goes beyond the mundane. Mathematics enables the development of codes and ciphers
that are useful to individuals and to society
3. Linear Programming
4. The Mathematics of Finance
5. Apportionment and Voting
6. Logic
7. The Mathematics of Graphs
8. Mathematical Systems
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MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD Learning Plan
Note: To ics that have been shaded indicate the areas oro ortunities for interdisci linari
1. Identify patterns in Section 1. The Nature of Activities to do. (i) Required: (1) Nature's
nature and Mathematics videowatching (ii) pair- Numbers by Ian Stewart Evaluation
sharing or small group or Mathematics in Requirements. (i)
regularities in the l. Mathematics in our
sharing (iii) journal Nature: Modeling shortresponse/essay
world (K) World
writing (iv) whole class Patterns in the Natural writing at the end of
discussion World by John A. Adam class to one question.
2. Articulate the or A Mathematical Examples of these
importance of Questions to Pose. (i) questions are: what
Nature Walk by John A.
mathematics in What is mathematics? Adam, or any book of new ideas about
Core Idea. Mathematics (ii) Where is the same level, intent mathematics did you
one's life (V) is a useful way to think mathematics? (iii) and approach learn?; what is it about
about nature and our What role does mathematics that might
3. Argue about the (2)
world mathematics play in have changed your
nature of mathematics,
Patterns-and your world? https://vimeo.com/99533 thoughts about it?, and
what it is, how it is
Some ideas to elicit and 68 what is most useful
expressed, represented, about mathematics for
encourage. (i) Many
and used (K) and-twWortd.'The Recommended: (I) A humankind? (ii) Two- to
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4. Express appreciation patterns and Day's Adventure in Math three-page synthesis
for mathematics as a occurrences exist in Wonderland by Akiyama paper focusing on one
nature, in our world, in of the following aspects
human endeavor (V) and & Ruiz; (2) The Number of mathematics: (a)
our life. Mathematics
honeycomb7iger's helps makes sense of Devil by Enzensberger Mathematics helps
ttW=snailts shett, these patterns and organize patterns and
petal$the occurrences. (ii) regularities in the world
Mathematics is a tool (b) Mathematics helps
to quantify, organize, redict the behavior of
and control our world,
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the weather, etc. predict phenomena, and nature and phenomena
make life easier for us. in the world. (c)
The Fibonacci Mathematics helps
Some ideas to
Sequence discouraqe or debunk or control nature and
Mathematics disprove. (i) occurrences in the
helps organize Mathematics is just for world for our own ends.
patterns and the books, confined in Standards/Basis for
regularities in the Gradinq to Use. 0 point
the classroom. (ii)
world
Mathematics has no — The student is unable
Mathematics helps to elicit the ideas and
place in my life
predict the
behavior of nature concepts from the
and phenomena in readings and video
the world. indicating that s/he has
Mathematics not read the prescribed
helps control reading or watched the
nature and video. 1 point The
occurrences in the student is able to elicit
world for our own
the ideas and concepts
ends.
from the readings and
Mathematics has video but shows
numerous
applications in the erroneous
world making it understanding of these.
indispensable 2 points — The student
Caution. (i) This is not a is able to elicit the ideas
Philosophy of and concepts from the
Mathematics course, readings and video and
shows correct
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Learning Outcome Topic Methodology Resources Assessment
therefore, refrain from understanding of these
discussing at the level of 3 points — The student
Eaves or the like. (ii) This not only elicits the
is not simply a math correct ideas from the
appreciation course; readings and video but
therefore, refrain from also shows evidence of
merely showing or telling internalizing these. 4
the "beauty" or points — The student
usefulness of elicits the correct ideas
mathematics alone from the readings and
video, shows evidence
of internalizing these,
and consistently
contributes additional
thoughts to the Core
Idea
5. Discuss the language, Required for Instructors. Evaluation
Section 1. The Nature of Activities to do. (i)
symbols, and Jamison, R. E. (2000). Requirements. (i)
Mathematics Individual or small Learning the language
conventions of group exercises Writing exercise sets
ll. Mathematical of mathematics.
mathematics (K) including games (see Language and Learning (ii)
Language and Symbols exercises in The
6. Explain the nature of across the Disciplines, Quiz
mathematics as a Language of 4(1), 45-54. (attached)
Mathematics (from One
language (K) Required for Students.
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Core Idea. Like any Mathematical Cat, (i) The Language of Standards/Basis for
language, Please! by Carol Mathematics (from One Gradinq to Use. Use
mathematics has its Burns Fisher) (ii) numerical scores.
7. Perform operations own symbols, Whole class
on mathematical discussions of the
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8. Acknowledge that Characteristics and Mathematical Fisher) (ii) The
mathematics is a useful of mathematical language (iii) Language and Grammar
language: Compilation of
language (V) of Mathematics (both
precise, concise, mathematical symbols
and notations and their attached)
powerful
meanings
Expressions vs. Some ideas to elicit and
sentences encouraqe. (i)
Conventions in the Mathematics is a
mathematical language in itself.
language Hence, it is useful in
communicating
Four basic concepts. important ideas. (ii)
setst functions, Mathematics as a
relations, binary language is clear and
operations objective. (iii) Language
• Elementary logic: conventions are
cònnecives, necessary in
quantifiers, mathematics for it to be
negation, variables understood by all.
Formality Some ideas to
discouraae or debunk
Note. This part_of the or disprove. (i)
course is intended to be Mathematics is not a
light and easy. The Ian ua e but a useless
intention is to expose
the students to the
world
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Learning Outcome Topic Methodology Resources Assessment
of mathematics as a set of formal rules and
language in order that alien symbols. (ii)
they may be able to Mathematics confuses
read and write the communication of
mathematics texts and concepts and ideas. (iii)
communicate ideas Mathematics is full of
with precision and unnecessary symbols,
conciseness. rules, and conventions.
9. Use different types of Section 1. The Nature Evaluation
Activities to do. (i) Required: Mathematical
reasoning to justify of reading and writing Requirements. (i) one
Excursions (Ch. 1) by R take-home problem set
statements and Mathematics proofs (ii) small-group Aufmann et al.; What is
problem solving (iii) (ii) quiz on proving using
arguments made about Ill. Problem Solving Mathematics Really?
whole class discussions deductive or inductive
mathematics and and Reasoning (Ch. 4 & 5) by R. Hersh, reasoning
of key problems and Recommended:
mathematical concepts
solutions Standards/Basis for
(K) Mathematical
Some ideas to elicit and Gradinq to Use. 0 point
10. Write clear and Core Idea. Mathematics
Excursions (Ch. 2) by R
encouraqe. (i) — The students did not
Mathematics requires Aufmann et al.,
logical proofs (K) is not just about make any attempt to
numbers; much of it is not only facility with Mathematics, A
11. Solve problems solve any of the
problem solving and numbers but also the Practical Odyssey (Ch.
involving patterns problems in the
reasoning. ability to critically 1) by Johnson &
and recreational problem set or prove
Inductive and think through Mowry; any of the statements in
problems following
Deductive situations, to reason The Number Devil by the quiz. 1 point — The
Polya's four steps (S)
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Reasoning and argue logically Enzensberger, student attempted to
Intuition, proof, and and to creatively solve Professor Stewart's solve 50% of the
problems. (ii) Cabinet of problems in the
Mathematical problem set or
12. Organize one's Curiosities by Ian displayed
methods and Stewart; Problem
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approaches for proving certainty Mathematics is an active Solving Through logical reasoning 50% of
and solving problems human endeavor. We Recreational the time in attempting to
Polya's 4-steps in can create the
(V) Problem Solving Mathematics by prove the statement/s in
mathematics we need to
solve problems. (iii) Averbach and Chein. the quiz. 2 points - The
Problem solving
strategies Mathematics is for student attempted to
everyone and anyone solve all the problems in
Mathematical who cares to learn it. (iv) the problem set or
Problems involving Mathematical problem
displayed logical
Patterns solving takes time
Solutions are not always reasoning 75% of the
Recreational apparent to the solver. time in attempting to
ProblemS using (v) There may be more prove the statement/s in
mathemaäts than one approach in the quiz. 3 points — The
Caution. (i) This is not a solving mathematical
student is able to
full-fledged problems.
completely solve 50% of
problemsolving course; Some ideas to the problems in the
therefore, refrain from discouraqe or debunk or
disprove. (i) One only problems set or
giving problems that are needs to learn numbers completed 75% of the
beyond the students' and fractions to be proof/s in the quiz. 4
abilities. (ii) While it mathematically points The student is
seems more important proficient (ii) able to completely solve
to be able to think Mathematics is a
spectator sport. 75% of the problems in
through and attempt to the problem set or
Mathematics is just out
solve problems, there is completed all the
there to be discovered
a higher value in proof/s in the quiz.
actually completing
solutions to problems.
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Learning Outcome Topic Methodology Resources Assessment
Hence, dissuade and appreciated. (iii)
students from merely Mathematics is only for
attempting to solve and the gifted. (iv) One is
encourage them instead dumb if s/he cannot
to complete their solve a mathematical
solutions. (iii) Avoid problem right away. (v)
giving problems that do There is only one way to
not have known solve a mathematical
solutions. Such problem.
problems are not for this
course.
13. Use a variety of Required: Mathematical Evaluation
statistical tools to Section 2. Activities to do. (i) excursions, Yd Edition requirements. (i) 1 quiz
Mathematics as a Tool lectures (ii) work with (International Edition) (ii) 1 test (iii) 1 problem
process and manage
(Part 1) appropriate computer by Aufmann et al. (Ch. set(iv) 1 project
numerical data (S) statistical software 13)
Data Manaqement
14. Use the methods of (iii) class discussions Recommended: proposal for a
linear regression and (iv) pseudo-proposal
defense Mathematics, A
correlations to predict Practical Odyssey by quantitative study to be
the value of a variable Core Idea. Statistical Examples of
tools derived from applications. Johnson & Mowry (Ch.
given certain conditions orally proposed
mathematics are useful 1. A brisk walk at 6.4 4)
km/hr burns an average Math in Our World by Sample Proiect
in processing and
15. Advocate the use of of 300 calories per hour. Proposal
managing numerical Sobecki, Blumant &
statistical data in making If the standard You want the university
data in order to describe Schirck-Matthews
important decisions (V) deviation of the to offer free shuttle
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a phenomenon and distribution is 8 calories, rides for students,
predict vatues. find the faculty, and staff from
strategic points outside
your universit in order
to
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Data:-Gathering probability that a improve traffic flow in
and Organizing person who walks 1 your campus. The
Data; hour at the rate of 6.4 university chancellor
km/hr will burn the asks your team to
Data given number of present hard data that
using graphs and
calories. Assume the will convince the
chalts variable is normally administration.
Interpreting distributed. (a) More Prepare a proposal on
orgarüed data than 280 calories (b) how you will do this
Measures of Central Less than 293 calories task.
Tendency: Mean, (c) Between 285 and Standards/Basis for
Median, Mode, 320 calories Gradinq to Use. (i)
(From: Sobecki et al. Numerical scores for the
Mean Math in Our World) quizzes, test and
Measures of Interpret the result problem sets (ii) rubric
Range, for each number of for the project proposal
Standard Deviation calories. Caution. (i) Define the
an&Variance bounds of the project
2. Does good health
Mæsures-of relate to education? proposal to ensure that
Retaive z- Below are the figures for the work required is
scores,_ the Philippines:
commensurate to the
Peræntiles, hours allotted for this
Quarütes and- Immunization (measles,
% of children ages 1223 section of the course. (ii)
Whiskers Plots
months) The oral proposal is not
and to be graded
Normal-Distributions 2005...92
2006...92
• LÈ1eavRegresSon
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Coefficient 2007...92
Note. (i) Although the 2008...92
concepts and skills 2009...88
appear to be the same 2010...80
as the Statistics taught
Primary completion
at Junior and Senior High
rate (total, % of relevant
School, they are not. age group)
Hence, the intention is 2005. 94
to build on the concepts 2006. 91
and skills learned prior 2007. 91
to university/colleget
2008. 92
deepen what have been
2009. 91
learned and highlight
2010 no data
skills in interpreting
statistical results. (ii) Can you predict the
Exert efforts to use primary completion
technology that are rate for 2010?
available to students.
Choose two or three topics for this section. The sections on Geometric Designs and Codes have been developed
as samples.
Section 3. Required: Geometry:
16. Apply geometric Mathematics as a Tool Activities to do. (i) small Shapes, Patterns and Evaluation
concepts, especially (Part 2) group or large class Designs (A Chapter requirements. (i) 1
isometries in describing sharing of various for the New Editions problem set (ii) 1 long
and creating designs (S) indigenous designs of the test (iii) class exhibit of
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Learning Outcome Topic Methodology Resources Assessment
17. Contribute to the found in one's home Math 12 Textbook for created or collected
enrichment of the community (ii) Ateneo de Manila indigenous designs
Filipino culture and arts lectures (iii) written University) by Vistro-Yu Standards/Basis for
using concepts in exercises Gradinq to Use. (i)
Recommended
numerical scores for
geometry (V); Palaspas by problem set and long
Nochesada test (ii) rubric for the
class exhibit (iii) peer
evaluation for the class
exhibit
Caution. The content
l. Geometric Desiqns material may prove to
Core Idea. Geometry be a challenge to many
can help enhance one's students hence there
artistic prowess as well should be few
as enrich one's own assessment activities.
culture.
Recognizing and
analyzing
geometric shapes
Transformations
Patterns-and
Diagrams
Des' s, -Arts, &
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Learning Outcome Topic Methodology Resources Assessment
Culture
18. Use coding schemes ll. Codes Activities to do. (i) Required: (i) For All Evaluation
to encode and decode Practical Purposes, requirements. (i) 3
Core Idea. The utility of role playing (ii)
quizzes (ii) 1 long test
different types of mathematics goes lectures (iii) written Introduction to
information for beyond the mundane. Contemporary Standards/Basis for
Mathematics enables
exercises (iv) Grading to Use.
identification, privacy, Mathematics (2nd
the development of computer exercises Numerical scores
and security purposes Ed.) by COMAPt Inc.
codes and ciphers that
(ii) A Student's Guide
are useful to individuals
19. Exemplify honesty and to society to
and integrity when Coding and Information
using codes for security • Binary codes Theory by Moser and
purposes (V) Integers in Chen
computers Recommended:
Logic and computer http://www exploratoriu
addition m.edu/ronh/secret/secre
Text data t.html
Errors error
Erordetecting
codes
Repetition and
Codes
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Caution. It is easy to get
lost in the "fun" that this
section brings. Do not
lose the mathematics.
20. Use mathematical Ill Linear Proqramminq Activities. (i) lectures (ii) Johnson & Mowry, Ch Evaluation
concepts and tools in Linear Inequalities role playing (iii) written 12 requirements. (i)
1 problem set (ii)
other areas such as in Geometry of Linear exercises
an integrating
finance, voting, logic, Programming project
business, networks and
Simplex Method Sample Inteqratinq
systems (S)
Proiect
(by qroups)
Create a poster aimed at
recruiting students to
21. Support the use of join a club that promotes
mathematics in various mathematics as an
IV. The Mathematics of Aufmann et al., Chapter important tool in
aspects and endeavors Finance 11 everyday life.
in life (V)
Simple and Standards/Basis for
Compound Interest Gradinq to Use. (i)
Numerical scores for
Credit-Cards and
problem sets (ii) Rubrics
for the project
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• Home ownership
• Weighted-Voting
Systems
VI. Loqic Aufmann et al., Chapter
Logic 3
and
quantifiers
Truth tables and
Conditional,
Biconditional and
related
statements
• Symbolic Arguments
and-Euler
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Learning Outcome Topic Methodology Resources Assessment
diagrams
Aufmann et al Chapter
Vll. The Mathematics of 5
Graphs
• Graphs and Euler
circuits
Weighted graphs
Euler's formula
Graph coloring
Vill. Mathematical Aufmann et al.,
Systems Chapter
• Modular Arithmetic 8
Applications
Group Theory
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MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD Course Map
GE Learnin Outcomes Mathematics in the Modern World
25
MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD Additional Course Map
Mathematics in the Learning Outcomes
GE Learning Outcomes
Modern World Mathematics in the Modern World
Knowled e Intellectual Com
etencies
6 Analyze "texts" (written, visual, oral, etc.) critically o
7. Demonstrate proficient and effective communication o
(writing, speaking, and use of new technologies)
• Discuss the language, symbols and
8. Use basic concepts across the domains of knowledge
conventions of mathematics
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Mathematics in the Modern World
9. Demonstrate critical, analytical, and creative thinking Identify patterns in nature and regularities
in the world
• Argue about the nature of mathematics,
what it is, how it is expressed, represented
and used Explain the nature of
mathematics as a language
• Write clear and 10 ical roofs
10. Apply different analytical modes in problem solving p Use different types of reasoning to
justify statements and arguments made
about mathematics and mathematical
conce ts
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Mathematics in Learning Outcomes
GE Learning Outcomes the Modern Mathematics in the Modern World
World
9 Apply computing tools to process information p Use a variety of statistical tools to process
effectively and manage numerical data
Use the methods of linear regression and
correlations to predict the value of a
variable iven certain conditions
p Apply geometric concepts, especially
10. Use current technology to assist and facilitate learning
isometries in describing and creating
and research
desi ns
11. Negotiate the world of technology responsibly Use coding schemes to encode and
decode different types of information
for identification, privacy and security
u oses
12. Create solutions to problems in various fields p Soive problems involving patterns and
recreational problems following
Polya's four ste s
p Use mathematical concepts and tools in
13. Manage one's knowledge, skills, and values for
other areas such as in finance, voting,
responsible and productive living
10 ic, business, networks and s stems
14. Organize one's self for lifelong learning Perform operations on mathematical
ex ressions correcti
L = Learned
P= Practiced
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0= Opportunity to learn
55
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MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD Required Readings and Other Materials
Required for student
Adam, John A. Mathematics in Nature: Modeling Patterns in the Natural World Adam,
John A. A Mathematical Nature Walk
Aufmann, R. et al. Mathematical Excursions (Chaps. 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 1 1, and 13) 3 rd Ed (International Edition).
COMAP Inc. For All Practical Purposes, Introduction to Contemporary Mathematics (2 nd ed.)
Fisher, Carol Burns. The Language of Mathematics (from One Mathematical Cat, Please! by Carol Burns Fisher)
Fisher, Carol Burns. The Language and Grammar of Mathematics
Hersht R. What is Mathematics Really? (Chaps. 4 & 5)
Johnson and Mowry. Mathematics, A Practical Odyssey (Chap. 12)
Moser and Chen. A Student's Guide to Coding and Information Theory
Stewart, Ian. Nature's Numbers
Vistro-Yu, C. Geometry: Shapes, Patterns and Designs (A chapter for the new ed. of the Math 12 textbook for Ateneo de Manila
University).
VIDEO
• https://vimeo.com/9953368
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Averbach and Chein. Problem Solving Through Recreational Mathematics
Enzensberger. The Number Devil
12
Johnson and Mowry. Mathematics, A Practical Odyssey (Chaps. 1 and 4)
Nocheseda. Palaspas
Stewart, Ian. Professor Stewart's Cabinet of Mathematical Curiosities
Sobecki, Bluman, and Schick-Matthews. Math in Our World
VIDEO
• http://www exploratorium.edu/ronh/secret/secret.htmt
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