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This document summarizes key concepts about material deformation and stress-strain analysis: 1) When a force is applied to a body, it deforms through displacement and distortion from its original shape. Normal strain and shear strain describe how the body changes size and shape. 2) Normal strain is defined as the average elongation or contraction of a line on the body. It is a dimensionless measure of the change in length per original length. 3) A stress-strain diagram plots the stress and strain of a material as it is loaded and unloaded. It shows elastic deformation, plastic deformation, yield strength, ultimate strength, and fracture strength.

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67 views

Lec4 PDF

This document summarizes key concepts about material deformation and stress-strain analysis: 1) When a force is applied to a body, it deforms through displacement and distortion from its original shape. Normal strain and shear strain describe how the body changes size and shape. 2) Normal strain is defined as the average elongation or contraction of a line on the body. It is a dimensionless measure of the change in length per original length. 3) A stress-strain diagram plots the stress and strain of a material as it is loaded and unloaded. It shows elastic deformation, plastic deformation, yield strength, ultimate strength, and fracture strength.

Uploaded by

teacher389
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ME222 1/16/2013

2.1 Introduction - Deformation


•  When a force is applied,
a body deforms.
C’ •  Displacement: u(A), u(B)
θ’
C A’ B’
θ u(A)
•  Distortion: θ → θ’
u(B)
•  Normal strain
A B •  Shear strain
Deformed body
Undeformed body
δ

U(C)=δ/2

A C B
U(A)=0 U(B)=δ
Shear Strain
Normal Stress

2.2 Normal Strain B


Δs
•  Elongation and Contraction A

•  The line AB: Δs Δs'−Δs Undeformed


•  Average Normal strain: ε AVG = body
Δs
Δs'−Δs
ε = lim
•  Normal Strain B → A along n Δs B’

A’
Δs’
where Δs' ≈ (1 + ε )Δs
•  Unit: no unit, 10-6(m/m) or µ(m/m) Deformed
•  Normal strain cause a change in volume, body
not shape.

Kwon Lecture 4
ME222 1/16/2013

2.3 Stress-Strain Diagram


P Increase P
Plastic Deformation
Elastic Fracture

Gauge necking
Length

A
B C
D
Measuring Force; Transducer
P Δl
Measuring Displacement; extensometer, strain gauge

2.4 True Stress – True Strain


P δ
•  Engineering Stress and Strain:σ Ao
,ε =
Lo
=
–  Original Area, Ao
P L dl L
•  True Stress and Strain: σ t = A , ε t = Lo l = ln L ∫
0
–  Instantaneous Current Area, A
•  Stress-Strain Diagram
–  Elastic Region
•  Young’s Modulus (E)
Slope=E
stress Su C
–  Plastic region Sf
•  Yield Strength (Sy) - 0.1%offset B Reloading D
•  Ultimate Strength (Su) A Sy
•  Fracture Strength (Sf)L1 − Lo
Unloading
•  Percent Elongation = L
o
Ao − A1 strain
•  Percent reduction in Area =
Ao

Kwon Lecture 4
ME222 1/16/2013

2.5 Hooke’s Law


Elastic behavior

σ = Eε where E= Modulus of elasticity or


Young’s Modulus
Ceramics

Steel P
Ao σ = Eε
Aluminum
P δ
=E
Ao L
L L+δ

EAo
Δσ P= δ
E= L
Δε
A

Skip Sect. 2.6

2.8 Axial Deformation


•  Prismatic Bars - Analogy to Coil Spring
–  The force and displacement Relation:

P P = k δ

P P δ
σ = Eε =E
A L
δ

PL AE
δ= P= δ
AE L
where k = AE / L

δ/2 δ/2

Kwon Lecture 4

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