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Unit 2 Study Guide Terms/Matching/Multiple Choice Section 1: Theories of Personality

The document provides an overview of theories of personality including psychoanalytic, social psychoanalytic, behaviorist, and humanist theories. It discusses key concepts from each theory such as the id, ego, and superego from psychoanalytic theory. The document also covers personality traits, defense mechanisms, reinforcement, tests and more. It aims to prepare the reader for a study guide on theories of personality.

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john Flannery
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47 views3 pages

Unit 2 Study Guide Terms/Matching/Multiple Choice Section 1: Theories of Personality

The document provides an overview of theories of personality including psychoanalytic, social psychoanalytic, behaviorist, and humanist theories. It discusses key concepts from each theory such as the id, ego, and superego from psychoanalytic theory. The document also covers personality traits, defense mechanisms, reinforcement, tests and more. It aims to prepare the reader for a study guide on theories of personality.

Uploaded by

john Flannery
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 2 Study Guide

Terms/Matching/Multiple Choice
Section 1: Theories of Personality
Personality – the patterns of feelings, motives, and behavior that set people apart
from one another.
What are the four important areas where personality is developed? Know each one.
Early Childhood is very important time for the development of personality.
During the first 6 months, behavior becomes individualized as they react to different
stimuli.
Many foundations of personality are laid down early in life. Most of a child’s
early life is spent at, or in, the home.
Birth Order is known as care for the first born that’s more nurturing than
care for the 2nd born, unless the 2nd born is a different gender than the first. A
decrease in motherly attention is often noticeable.
Society consists of a large group of people who share common traits, customs
or ways or behaving. In our society, we learn from religious activities, school, work,
and play with other children.

Molar – approach which is concerned with larger, more general units of behavior
and the influence of your goals and the expectations on behavior, like studying how
someone makes friends.
Molecular – approach in which behavior is explained in terms of tiny, very specific
units, like nerve impulses or how specific parts of the brain function.
Section 2: Trait Theories
Trait – aspect of personality that is considered to be reasonably stable. We assume
the person has certain traits depending on how they behave. Traits are also
assumed to be consistent.
Big Five
1. Extraversion/Introversion
a. Outgoing/energetic vs solitary/reserved
2. Agreeableness
a. Friendly/compassionate vs cold/unkind
3. Conscientiousness
a. Efficient/organized vs easy-going/careless
4. Emotional Stability-ness
a. Sensitive/nervous vs secure/confident
5. Openness
a. Inventive/curious vs consistent/cautious
Trait Theory – trait theory describes traits but do not explain where the traits come
from
Section 3: Psychoanalytic Theory
There is an unconscious level that plays a major part in determining behavior. This
behavior in turn will compose our personality.

Pleasure Principle – seeks to keep level of tension low by obtaining pleasure


Super Ego – moral aspects, values and ideas of society learned by individuals, strives
for perfection
Reality Principle – appropriate ways for a person to satisfy needs
Ego – conscious, involves learned ways of behaving, balances the id and superego by
operating on the basis of the reality principle.
Id – the original system of personality, completely unconscious, acts according to the
pleasure principle
Sigmund Freud – believed personality is composed of 3 systems: I, E, SE.
Defense Mechanisms – used by the ego in order to avoid ideas or emotions that may
cause anxiety.
Repression – removing anxiety causing them ideas from the conscious by pushing
them to the unconscious.
Rationalization – use of self-deception to justify unacceptable behaviors or ideas.
Regression – when stress is present, a person returns to behavior that is
characteristic of an earlier stage of development
Projection – dealing with unacceptable impulses by projecting these impulses
outward onto other people.
Personal Unconscious – consists of experiences that were once conscious but have
been forgotten
Collective Unconscious – contains all the memories from our ancestors, universal
Carl Jung – came up with Archetypes, divided the unconscious mind into the
personal unconscious and the collective unconscious which affect our personality
without our knowledge. 2 major attitudes, Intro/Extro.
Archetypes – ideas and images of the accumulated experiences of all human beings,
basic/primitive concepts
Introverts – respond to internal stimuli for motivation
Extroverts – respond to external stimuli for motivation
Section 4: Social Psychoanalytic Theory
Erik Erickson
Karen Horney
Harry Stack Sullivan
Alfred Adler
Inferiority Complex
Erich Fromm
Creative Self
Dynamism
Personification
Cognitive Processes
Acculturation
Section 5: Behavioristic Theory
Reinforcement
Punishment
Model
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
Section 6: Humanistic Theory
Self-Actualization
Self-concept
Abraham Maslow
Carl Rogers
Congruence
Section 7: Psychological Tests
Pigeonholing
Stereotype
Over-rating
Halo Effect
Valid
Reliable

Essays/Short Answer
1. Summarize each of the four personality theories (psychoanalytic, social
psychoanalytic, behavioristic, and humanist) as to what they believe influences the
development of personality. Pick one person under each theory and give an
example of a personality trait for each theory, explaining how the trait was
developed. Example of a trait would be happiness or hard working.

2. Know the criticisms of each theory.


3. Know the difference between positive and negative punishment/reinforcement.

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