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THERMODYNAMIC by Academic Chemistry SCMU60 #1

1) Thermodynamics describes the transfer of heat and work in chemical and physical processes. The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in energy of the universe is zero, while the change in energy of a system plus the change in energy of its surroundings is also zero. 2) The change in energy (ΔE) of a system can be calculated as the heat (q) added to the system plus the work (w) done on the system. For a constant-pressure process, ΔE = q + w = qv - PΔV. 3) For a chemical reaction at constant pressure, the change in enthalpy (ΔH) is equal to the change in

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Xzax Tornadox
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43 views

THERMODYNAMIC by Academic Chemistry SCMU60 #1

1) Thermodynamics describes the transfer of heat and work in chemical and physical processes. The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in energy of the universe is zero, while the change in energy of a system plus the change in energy of its surroundings is also zero. 2) The change in energy (ΔE) of a system can be calculated as the heat (q) added to the system plus the work (w) done on the system. For a constant-pressure process, ΔE = q + w = qv - PΔV. 3) For a chemical reaction at constant pressure, the change in enthalpy (ΔH) is equal to the change in

Uploaded by

Xzax Tornadox
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THERMODYNAMIC by Academic Chemistry SCMU60 #1


𝑇° 𝑇°
THERMODYNAMIC by Academic Chemistry SCMU60 #2

 

A
∆𝐸

∆𝐸𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 = 0
∆𝐸𝑠𝑦𝑠 + ∆𝐸𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟 = 0
∆𝐸𝑠𝑦𝑠 = −∆𝐸𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟

𝑞 = 𝑚𝑐∆𝑇, 𝑚𝑙

∆𝐸 = 𝑞 + 𝑊 𝑊 = −𝑃∆𝑉

1 𝑎𝑡𝑚 ∙ 𝑙 = 101.325 𝐽
THERMODYNAMIC by Academic Chemistry SCMU60 #3

∆𝑬 = 𝒒 + 𝑾 ∆𝑬 = 𝒒 + 𝑾
∆𝑬 = 𝒒𝒗 − 𝑷∆𝑽 ∆𝑬 = 𝒒𝒑 − 𝑷∆𝑽
∆𝑬 = 𝒒𝒗
∆𝑬 = ∆𝑯 − 𝑷∆𝑽
ที่ P คงที่ ∆𝑯 = ∆𝑬 + 𝑷∆𝑽
𝒏𝑹𝑻
∆𝑯 = ∆𝑬 + 𝑷∆ ( )
𝑷

∆𝑯 = ∆𝑬 + (∆𝒏)𝑹𝑻
THERMODYNAMIC by Academic Chemistry SCMU60 #4

950℃

∆𝐻
THERMODYNAMIC by Academic Chemistry SCMU60 #5

∆𝑆𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 = ∆𝑆𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 + ∆𝑆𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟 ≥ 0

𝑁𝐻4 𝐶𝑙(𝑠) 𝑁𝐻3(𝑔) + 𝐻𝐶𝑙(𝑔)


3𝑂2(𝑔) 2𝑂3(𝑔)
2𝐶𝑂2(𝑔) + 𝑂2(𝑔) 𝐶𝑎𝑂(𝑠) + 𝐶𝑂2(𝑔)
𝑁2 80° 20°
THERMODYNAMIC by Academic Chemistry SCMU60 #6

∆𝑆𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟 𝛼 − ∆𝐻𝑠𝑦𝑠
𝑇 ∆𝑆

25℃

∆𝑆𝑠𝑦𝑠 , ∆𝐻𝑠𝑦𝑠
THERMODYNAMIC by Academic Chemistry SCMU60 #7

𝑆 = 𝐾 𝑙𝑛𝑤 = 𝐾 𝑙𝑛1 = 0 𝑎𝑡 − 273.5 𝐾

 ∆𝐻 −
 ∆𝑆 +

∆𝐺 = ∆𝐻 − 𝑇∆𝑆
∆𝐺 < 0
∆𝐺 > 0 ∆𝐻 + , ∆𝑆 +
∆𝐻 − , ∆𝑆 −
∆𝐺 = 0
THERMODYNAMIC by Academic Chemistry SCMU60 #8

∆𝐻 = 131.3𝐾𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∆𝑆 = 0.1336𝐾𝐽/𝐾 ∙ 𝑚𝑜𝑙

(℃)
THERMODYNAMIC by Academic Chemistry SCMU60 #9

100 0 50 50

∆𝐻° = ∑ 𝑛 × ∆𝐻°𝑓 − ∑ 𝑛 × ∆𝐻°𝑓

∆𝑆° = ∑ 𝑛 × ∆𝑆°𝑓 − ∑ 𝑛 × ∆𝑆°𝑓 ∆𝐻° ∆𝑆° ∆𝐺


1𝑎𝑡𝑚 25℃
∆𝐺° = ∑ 𝑛 × ∆𝐺°𝑓 − ∑ 𝑛 × ∆𝐺°𝑓

𝑂2(𝑔) , 𝐵𝑟2(𝑔) , 𝑁𝑎(𝑠) , 𝐶(𝑠)


∆𝐺°𝑓 , ∆𝐻°𝑓 = 0
∆𝑆°𝑓 ≠ 0

∆𝐻 ∆𝑆 ∆𝐺

∆𝐻 ∆𝑆 ∆𝐺 × 𝑛
THERMODYNAMIC by Academic Chemistry SCMU60 #10

1
∆𝐻° 𝐶(𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒) + 2 𝑂2(𝑔) 𝐶𝑂(𝑔)
𝐶(𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝) + 𝑂2(𝑔) 𝐶𝑂2(𝑔) ∆𝐻1° = −393 𝐾𝐽
1
+ 𝑂2(𝑔) 𝐶𝑂2(𝑔) ∆𝐻2° = −283 𝐾𝐽
2
THERMODYNAMIC by Academic Chemistry SCMU60 #11

 ∆𝐻°, ∆𝑆° ∆𝐺°

∆𝑯°𝒇 (𝐾𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙) ∆𝑺°𝒇 (𝐾𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙)

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