GREEN HOUSE /FARM AUTOMATION

TECHNOLOGY
Ministry category: Agriculture development
Problem statement: Agriculture automation
Problem category: Internet of things.
Team members: Harshavardhan.B NMIT 2ND YEAR CSE DEPARTMENT
Sandesh .A NMIT 2ND YEAR CSE DEPARTMENT

Abstract
An automated greenhouse is a framework that utilizes nursery innovations to
make a positive ecological condition virtually to develop ideal creation of plants.
Controlling climatic conditions are one of the most critical challenges in
agribusiness. In like manner, a robotized nursery framework has been developed to
accomplish observations and controlling of the climatic parameters which is
straightforwardly or in a roundabout way that administers the plants development
and generation. In a nursery using greenhouse structure that is made with glass or
plastic it warms up from approaching sun oriented radiation which is consumed by
the plants and absorbed by the surface. Eventually air is warmed by the warmth
from hot inside surfaces and held within the nursery dividers that makes the
environment inside it warmer. With the association of present day innovations, this
research takes a risk to actualize these frameworks for farming with no human
consideration. The motivation behind this exploration is to make an innovation that
makes exceedingly exact environment in a work sparing angle. In this work an
Atmega328 MCU is utilized to do some predefined tasks, made by some specific
codes with the help of an Arduino prototyping board. The system projects the
parameters in a display as well as controls four vital parameters like temperature,
light, humidity and soil moisture to accomplish viability and functionality of
nursery environment control gadgets.

Problem statement
1. Water management system:

India is the second largest country with 159.7 million hectares but only
52%
Of land is rain fed irrigation

Most of the agricultural land uses drip irrigation /sprinklers which
produces 40%
Of water in wastage due to evaporation

2. Offseason production of fruits and vegetables:

Certain fruits and vegetables need to be produced throughout the year
for consumption.

Providing suitable environment of the crops during their production

3. Labour management :

Recent studies show that labour management has become the biggest
constraint in the country.

Labours are required for plantation, maintenance and harvesting.

4. Mixed cropping:

To maximize the profit by agriculture mixed cropping cannot be
performed at low cost capital investment.

PLANT WISE INFORMATION OF HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE LEVEL

Obs no Fruits Suitable Required Required

Country Temperature Humidity
1. Watermelon China, Turkey, Higher than Medium
Iran about 25 °C (77
°F) to thrive
2. Kiwifruit China, Italy, Average Average
New Zealand Summer Heat
3. Strawberry USA, Turkey, 15 – 27°C Low
Spain
4. Raspberry Russia, Poland, late summer and High
United States fall
5. Orange Brazil, United 15.5 and 29 °C Moderated
States, China,
India
Prototype description
To increase the agricultural productivity and reduce the constraints such as labour
force and management of the crops, green house automation for production of off-
season crops and horticulture is an apt method.
A solution is found for automated system for watering plants, maintaining the
humidity, temperature to achieve better enhancement of the growth of the plants in
the green house.
Data acquisition using arduino is introduced and performance of green house
automation microcontroller ATmega 328 is used.
The climatic condition which is favourable for growing horticulture crop is
studied and green house is designed accordingly.
A room is designed with transparent carbon fiber for the passage of sunlight and
system is made for additional heat production when the temperature inside the room
falls below the threshold level, cross ventilation system is made for the cooling of
the room along with additional cooling system with fans.
Sensors such as temperature, humidity, carbon-di-oxide sensors are
incorporated for finding the carbon dioxide and oxygen concentration in the room
along with the humidity and temperature.
Water irrigation is incorporated by the means of a motor pump when necessary
and various other sensors are used to maintain the environment of the room by the
means of the microcontroller.
The objective of this work is to design a simple, easy to install, micro-controller
based circuit to monitor, record and automate the temperature, humidity, soil
moisture and sunlight of the natural environment that are continuously modified and
controlled in order to optimize them to achieve maximum plant growth and yield.
This makes the proposed system to be an economiacal, portable and a low
maintenance solution for green house application in rural areas and for small
agriculturists.
Model of the prototype
The below schematic representation shows the working of the green house automation inn
a simple diagram.
Various sensors are used in the prototype which are in turn connected to the arduino
ATmega328 for data recording processing and transmission of data.
Working of the proposed system

This system consists of various sensors, namely soil moisture, temperature,

humidity and light sensors. These sensors sense various parameters and are then
sent to the microcontroller. Here, Atmega328 MCU is used which controls the
greenhouse.
To implement greenhouse environment, soil moisture sensors, temperature sensors,
LDR, humidity sensors are studied. After studying these, the program has been
written on to the microcontroller for specific environment conditioning.
The desired temperature and humidity are maintained by turning on heater/cooler.
The moisture level within soil is also be controlled by turning the water valve
on/off. Desired light intensity for that environment can also be controlled by
emergency lights when necessary. Hence, the greenhouses’ environment is
controlled automatically

Block diagram of the working system

The below block figure illustrates a block diagram of greenhouse automation

system design with its hard ware components involved and connections. Here the
main component is the microcontroller (At mega 328). Four sensors have been used
to feed the input parameters at AT mega 328. It reads this sensor output and can
generate output according to the program written into it. It can read both digital and
analog inputs and can generate digital output. For example, ATmega 328 reads
analog data from humidity sensor and then generates digital high/low output
according to the threshold value which is written in the program, if it reads digital
data from the moisture sensor then it can generate digital high/low output according
to the internal logic written into the program. The microcontroller constantly
monitors the digitized parameters of the various sensors and verifies them with the
predefined threshold values and checks if any corrective action is to be taken for the
condition at that instant. In case if such a situation arises, it activates the actuators to
perform a control operation. An array of actuators can be used in the system such as
relays, contactors, and change over switches etc. They are used to turn on AC
devices such as motors, coolers, pumps etc. For the purpose of demonstration relays
have been used to drive AC bulbs to simulate actuators and AC devices. A complete
working system can be realized by simply replacing these simulation devices by the
actual devices. Implementation of the proposed system can be done in two ways:
1) As a research system: Any agriculture farm can evaluate system requirements for
an individual plant species by setting different logics and values to get desired
results.
2) As a product: This proposed system can be supplied as a package product with
predefined climatic parameters required for different species.

Technology stack

Hardware

A microcontroller – Arduino ATmega328.

Soil moisture sensors

Humidity sensors-DHT11.

Temperature sensors-DHT11.

LCD display.

Brushless DC motor.

Wi-Fi module-Node MCU-ES8266.

LED bulbs.

Carbon-di-oxide sensor-MH-Z19.

Software

An operating system.

Embedded C language.

A web server.

Wi-Fi for transmission of data and respective statistical
analysis of the same.

Arduino IDE.

Dependencies

The project mainly depends on the quality of the sensors used in
the green house.

The user receives real time notification from the house of the
scenario ,therefore there should be a strong network for data
transmission

The prototype is just a model to represent the idea.

Use cases

The proposed system would be milestone breakthrough in
agriculture if it is implemented in a sophisticated manner.

The user receives the graph of the various atmospheric
conditions which can be analyzed and remedy measures can be
taken to increase the output

Human involved production and the automated green house
production can be compared.

Labour cost can be cut and production can be maximized.