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Explain The Theory Kohlber1

Kohlberg's theory of moral development has six stages across three levels: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional. The pre-conventional level focuses on obedience to avoid punishment. The conventional level emphasizes pleasing others and following social rules and laws. The post-conventional level prioritizes individual ethical principles over rules and considers justice when evaluating laws. The author indicates they fall into the conventional morality stage of law and order orientation, which emphasizes upholding social order through obligation to laws.

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43 views

Explain The Theory Kohlber1

Kohlberg's theory of moral development has six stages across three levels: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional. The pre-conventional level focuses on obedience to avoid punishment. The conventional level emphasizes pleasing others and following social rules and laws. The post-conventional level prioritizes individual ethical principles over rules and considers justice when evaluating laws. The author indicates they fall into the conventional morality stage of law and order orientation, which emphasizes upholding social order through obligation to laws.

Uploaded by

KALEIVANI
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Explain the Theory Kohlberg's that based on moral development.

Which stage do you normally fall into?

Many of them question on the development of morality. How do moral developments affect
the society? Lawrence Kohlberg as developed the best theory known as the Kohlberg’s
theory. This theory develops 6 stages which will be the extended Piaget’s theory. Kohlberg’s
theory has been criticized as Westerncentric.

The 1st level is PRECONVENTIONAL MORALITY –

i) Obedience and punishments- This will be the earliest stage of moral


development, obedience and punishment is especially common in young
children, but adults are also capable of expressing this type of reasoning. In
stage, children feels rules are fixed and hey have to obey the rules because it is
very important for them and also to avoid punishment.
ii) Instrumental Orientation- shows a limited interest in the needs of others, only to
the point where it might further the individual’s own interests. As a result, concern
for others is not based on loyalty or intrinsic respect, but rather a mentality.

The 2nd level is CONVENTIONAL MORALITY- Is the stage at which children learn about
rules and authority. They learn that there are certain “conventions” that govern how they
should and should not behave, and learn to obey them. There is no distinction is between
moral principles and legal principles. This level is split into two stages:

i) Good boy, Nice Girl Orientation- Children are interested in pleasing others and
securing the favour of others.
ii) Law and order Orientation- Children extend the principle to over the whole of their
society, because they feel morality is what keeps the social order intact. There is
an obligation and a duty to uphold laws and rules.

The 3rd level is POSTCONVENTIONAL- People believe that some laws are unjust and
should be changed or eliminated. This dimension is set apart by a developing
acknowledgment that people are discrete elements from society and that people may defy
rules conflicting with their very own standards. This dimension people lives in their own
ethical principle (basic human rights as life, liberty, and justice).

i) Social contract Orientation- everyone person have different opinions, rights and
value.
ii) Universal Ethical Principal Orientation- Laws are valid only insofar as they are
grounded in justice, and a commitment to justice carries with it an obligation to
disobey unjust laws. People choose the ethical principles they want to follow, and
if they violate those principles, they feel guilty. In this way, the individual acts
because it is morally right to do so (and not because he or she wants to avoid
punishment), it is in their best interest, it is expected, it is legal, or it is previously
agreed upon.

I will fall in the 2nd stage CONVENTIONAL MORALITY the law and order orientation.

If employers only want to hire the best-qualified, young and sexy


females or handsome males, then they have right to do so without
inference, because there are their business. Comment on this
statement.
A growing body of research suggests that conventionally attractive-looking people have it all.
They go on more dates, are more likely to be elected to office, make more money, and are
perceived as more likable and trustworthy. But a new study from the Journal of Personality
and Social Psychology suggests there’s an aspect of hiring in which being good-looking can
work against you. When we meet someone new a first impression is first about looks; only
later do things such as personality, brains and character start to take on meaning. As it turn
out, attractive the great unwashed are at a distinct disadvantage when it comes to landing
place relatively less-desirable task. According to the new research, just hire attractive
people because they consciously or unconsciously prefer them rather, when hiring people
actively consider what roles the physically attractive prospect would themselves prefer, and
then base the hiring decision on that perceived preference. The only information the subjects
had to go on were the photographs, some of which showed real faces and others computer-
generated images, with the attractiveness levels in each set based on standards determined
in prior research. All of the faces were racially white, with hair, clothing, and background kept
constant to isolate the effect of facial attractiveness. People may not be sexy or handsome
but they will be good and dedicated person.

From an ethical point of view, big business is always bad business.


”Discuss the pros and cons of this statement
Business ethics is a form of the art of applied ethics that examines ethical rules and
principles within a commercial context, the various moral or ethical problems that can arise
in a business setting, and any special duties or obligations that apply to persons.
Advantages of business ethics offer companies a competitive advantage. The company
followed its credo, a set of ethical organizational values, and the result was a boost in
consumer confidence, despite the contamination scare. Society benefits from business
ethics because ethical companies recognize their social responsibilities. Disadvantage of
business ethics reduce a company's freedom to maximize its profit. For example, a
multinational company may move its manufacturing facility to a developing country to reduce
costs. Practices acceptable in that country, such as child labour, poor health and safety,
poverty-level wages and coerced employment, will not be tolerated by an ethical company.

In my public opinion, no business is necessarily a bad business as long as it is lead and


managed in an ethical way by the ones responsible. Big stage commercial enterprise start
out as small jobs and breakthrough a way to provide consumer with trade good s at terms
they are willing to pay. Another factor that plays a major purpose in a business being
considered ethical is the leadership.

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