PLANNIN 3

INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING

LECTURE HOUR : 3 HOURS

NUMBER OF UNITS : 3 UNITS

Course Objectives:

• HAVE A GENERAL UNDERSTANDING OF PLANNING PROCESS

• UNDERSTAND THE BASIC FOUNDATION OF PLANNING
• HAVE A BROADER FRAMEWORK UPON WHICH THE STUDENT IN
ARCHITECTURE CAN FORESEE THE IMPLICATION OF SPECIFIC PROJECT
• LEAN USEFUL PLANNING TECHNIQUES RELEVANT TO THE RANK OF THE
ARCHITECT AS A DESIGN PROFESSIONAL
•TO RELATE HISTORY AND THEORIES OF URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
TO ECOLOGY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
•UNDERSTAND THE CURRENT THOUGHTS AND PRACTICES WITH REGARDS
TO PLAN FORMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION.

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
• INTRODUCTION :
HUMANS IN THEIR
ECOLOGICAL
SETTING INTRODUCTION:

What is Urban Planning ?

•EKISTICS :
• Urban Planning is a process of guiding the use and development of land with the aim
THE SCIENCE OF of making the city a better place to live and work
HUMAN
SETTLEMENTS • Particularly important today as more than one-half of the world’s population now
resides in urban places.

• LOCATION • Cities, towns and other urban forms are therefore the sites for most of mankind’s
THEORY: activities. Yet in most cities and towns, land and access to basic resources and services
FOUNDATION OF are usually scarce and unevenly distributed.
PLANNING
What is Planning ?

• Planning is a general activity, the making of an orderly sequence of action that will
lead to the achievement of a stated goal or goals.

• Involves written statements supplemented as appropriate by statistical projections,

quantified evaluations and diagrams.

• Planning involves an attempt to (re)shape prevailing social and economic dynamics

to achieve particular developmental ends.

What is Regional and Urban Planning?

HUMANS IN THEIR ECOLOGICAL SETTING :

• Human ecology is the interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary study of the relationship

between humans and their natural, social, and built environments. Ecology as a
discipline was technically born when Ernst Haeckel used the word "oekologie" in
1866 to describe the study of an organism’s relationship to its environment. Ecology
was revolutionary at this time because it encouraged interdisciplinarity within the
sciences, it created a bridge between the physical sciences and the biological sciences
in order to study systems of both biotic and abiotic factors. Human ecology is
composed of concepts from ecology like interconnectivity, community behavior, and
spatial organization. From the beginning, human ecology was present in geography
and sociology, but also in biological ecology and zoology.

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
• INTRODUCTION :
HUMANS IN THEIR
ECOLOGICAL
SETTING EKISTICS

Is the science of human settlements, including regional, city, community

•EKISTICS : planning and dwelling design. The study involves every kind of human settlement,
THE SCIENCE OF with particular attention to geography, ecology,
HUMAN human psychology, anthropology, culture, politics, and occasionally aesthetics.
SETTLEMENTS

As a scientific mode of study, ekistics currently relies on statistics and

• LOCATION
THEORY: description, organized in five ekistic elements or principles: nature, anthropos, society,

FOUNDATION OF shells, and networks. It is generally a more scientific field than urban planning, and
has considerable overlap with some of the less restrained fields of architectural theory.
PLANNING
In application, conclusions are drawn aimed at achieving harmony between the
inhabitants of a settlement and their physical and socio-cultural environments.

FIVE ELEMENTS OF EKISTICS

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
• INTRODUCTION :

HUMANS IN THEIR 5 PRINCIPLES OF EKISTICS

ECOLOGICAL
SETTING First principle is maximization of man's potential contacts with the elements of
nature (such as water and trees), with other people, and with the works of man (such
•EKISTICS : as buildings and roads). This, after all, amounts to an operational definition of
THE SCIENCE OF personal human freedom. It is in accordance with this principle that man abandoned
HUMAN the Garden of Eden and is today attempting to conquer the cosmos. It is because of
SETTLEMENTS this principle that man considers himself imprisoned, even if given the best type of
environment, if he is surrounded by a wall without doors. In this, man differs from
• LOCATION animals; we do not know of any species of animals that try to increase their potential
THEORY: contacts with the environment once they have reached the optimum number of
FOUNDATION OF contacts. Man alone always seeks to increase his contacts.
PLANNING
The second principle is minimization of the effort required for the achievement
of man's actual and potential contacts. He always gives his structures the shape, or
selects the route, that requires the minimum effort, no matter whether he is dealing
with the floor of a room, which he tends to make horizontal, or with the creation of a
highway.

The third principle is optimization of man's protective space, which means the
selection of such a distance from other persons, animals, or objects that he can keep
his contacts with them (first principle) without any kind of sensory or psychological
discomfort. This has to be true at every moment and in every locality, whether it is
temporary or permanent and whether man is alone or part of a group. This has been
demonstrated very well, lately, for the single individual, by anthropologists such as E.
T. Hall and psychiatrists such as Augustus F. Kinzel and by the clothes man designs
for himself, and it may be explained not only as a psychological but also as a
physiological problem if we think of the layers of air that surround us or the energy
that we represent .The walls of houses or fortification walls around cities are other
expressions of this third principle.

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
• INTRODUCTION :
HUMANS IN THEIR
ECOLOGICAL
SETTING
`

The fourth principle is optimization of the quality of man's relationship with

•EKISTICS : his environment, which consists of nature, society, shells (buildings and houses of all
THE SCIENCE OF sorts), and networks (ranging from roads to telecommunications) .This is the principle
HUMAN
that leads to order, physiological and aesthetic, and that influences architecture and, in
SETTLEMENTS
many respects, art.

Finally, and this is the fifth principle, man organizes his settlements in
• LOCATION
THEORY: an attempt to achieve an optimum synthesis of the other four principles, and this
optimization is dependent on time and space, on actual conditions, and on man's
FOUNDATION OF
ability to create a synthesis. When he has achieved this by creating a system of floors,
PLANNING
walls, roofs, doors, and windows which allows him to maximize his potential contacts
(first principle) while minimizing the energy expended (second principle) and at the
same time makes possible his separation from others (third principle) and the desirable
relationship with his environment (fourth principle), we speak of "successful human
settlements". What we mean is settlements that have achieved a balance between man
and his man-made environment, by complying with all five principles.

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
• INTRODUCTION :
HUMANS IN THEIR
ECOLOGICAL
SETTING
.
FOUNDATION OF PLANNING
•EKISTICS :
ANCIENT HISTORY OF PLANNING
THE SCIENCE OF
HUMAN
SETTLEMENTS MESOPOTAMIA 10,000 BC – 7TH CENTURY AD

• “Fertile crescent” means land between rivers

• LOCATION
THEORY: • Scope of the Tigris and Euphrates river systems
FOUNDATION OF
• Water as a basis of urban development
PLANNING

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
• INTRODUCTION :
HUMANS IN THEIR
ECOLOGICAL
SETTING
ANCIENT EGYPT 3,000 – 300 BC • Religion still powerful:

•EKISTICS : Ancient Egyptians worshipped kings as gods

THE SCIENCE OF • Once buried, lives forever

HUMAN
• Pyramids constructed in capital cities
SETTLEMENTS
• Cities of dead people (necropolis)

• LOCATION
THEORY:
FOUNDATION OF
PLANNING

HIPPODAMUS OF MILETUS 498-408 BC

• “Inventor / father of formal city planning”

• Made the Hippodamian Plan or the grid city to maximize winds in the summer and
minimize them in winter

• Has a geometric, arranged style in design

• Also worked on the Piraeus Port and Alexandria

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
• INTRODUCTION :
HUMANS IN THEIR THE GRID : MEXICO
ECOLOGICAL
SETTING

•EKISTICS :
THE SCIENCE OF
HUMAN
SETTLEMENTS

• LOCATION
THEORY:
FOUNDATION OF
PLANNING CHICAGO

BUENOS AIRES

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
• BASIC PLANNING
CONCEPTS AND
HISTORICAL BASIC PLANNING CONCEPTS
OVERVIEW AND • Garden City Movement- Sir Ebenezer Howard
INFLUENCES • Neighbourhood Planning- C A Perry
• Satellite Town
• OVERVIEW OF • City Beautiful Movement
URBAN AND • Geddisain Triad- Patrick Geddes
REGIONAL • Radburn Theor
THEORIES AND
• Ribbon Development
ISSUES
• Broad Acre City- Frank Lloyd Wright
EXAMPLE CONCEPT : Garden city concept
•THE
COMPREHENSIVE GARDEN CITY- Sir Ebenezer Howard
PLANNING
PROCESS Most potent planning model in Western urban planning
Created by Ebenezer Howard in 1898 to solve urban and rural problems
Source of many key planning ideas during20th century
He analyzed the reasons for people to move to city or country side.
The Garden City consists for different zones, street types and garden
The core Core in center is about 4 sq. km and contains central park, surrounded by a
commercial, cultural and administrative zone.
Garden City
An impressive diagram of the three magnets namely the town magnet, country
magnet with their advantages and disadvantages and the third magnet with attractive
features of both town and country life. Naturally people preferred the third one namely
Garden City.

Core Garden City Principles

• Strong community
• Ordered development
• Environmental quality

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
• BASIC PLANNING
CONCEPTS AND
THE GARDEN CITY
HISTORICAL
OVERVIEW AND
INFLUENCES

• OVERVIEW OF
URBAN AND
REGIONAL
THEORIES AND
ISSUES

•THE
COMPREHENSIVE
PLANNING
PROCESS

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
• BASIC PLANNING
CONCEPTS AND
HISTORICAL
OVERVIEW AND
INFLUENCES

• OVERVIEW OF
URBAN AND
REGIONAL
THEORIES AND
ISSUES

•THE
COMPREHENSIVE
PLANNING
PROCESS

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
• BASIC PLANNING
CONCEPTS AND
HISTORICAL
OVERVIEW AND
INFLUENCES

• OVERVIEW OF
URBAN AND
REGIONAL
THEORIES AND
ISSUES

•THE
COMPREHENSIVE
PLANNING
PROCESS

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
• BASIC PLANNING
CONCEPTS AND
HISTORICAL
THEORIES AND PRACTICES
OVERVIEW AND
•Hippodamus of •Father of City Planning City
INFLUENCES
Miletus of Miletus - First Planned
City
•Vienna – First University
• OVERVIEW OF Town
URBAN AND • Robert Owens •Reform Movement Ideal
INDUSTRIAL City, New Lanark
REGIONAL REVOLUTION •Tony Garnier • Une Cite Industrielle
THEORIES AND •Ebenezer Howard • Garden City
ISSUES (Conceptualization)
GARDEN CITIES •Raymond Unwin & • Letchworth (First
Barry Parker Developed Garden City)
• Louis de Soisson •Welwyn (Second Garden
•THE
City)
COMPREHENSIVE
• Louis de Soisso • Welwyn (Second Garden
PLANNING CITY BEAUTIFUL • Daniel Burnham City)
PROCESS MOVEMENT •Father of American City
Planning Chicago, Cleveland,
San Francisco, Manila The
Neighborhood Unit & Baguio
• Lucio Costa • Brasilia, Brazil
(Planner) Oscar
Niemeyer (Architect)
• Albert Myer • Chandigarh, India Super
(Original Planner) Le Blocks 800 x 1200
NEW CAPITALS Corbusier (Took Over)
• Walter Griffin • Canberra, Australia
(Planner) Suburban Decentralization
City Beautiful Movement
• Sir Edward Lutyens • New Delhi, India Low
(Planner) Garden City Type Density

• Le Corbusier • The Cities of Tomorrow

CITY TOWERS • Unite d’ Habitation,
Marseilles, France
• Le Contemporaine
• Frank Lloyd Wright • Broadacres (1 Family in
very acre of land)
•Mile High Tower
RADICAL IDEAS • Arturo Soria y Mata • Linear City
• Paolo Soleri • Arcology
• Kiyonuro Kikutake • Floating City
• Clarence Perry & • Neighborhood Unit
Clarence Stein

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
• BASIC PLANNING
CONCEPTS AND
HISTORICAL
OVERVIEW AND
INFLUENCES
• Planning theory is the body of scientific concepts, definitions, behavioral
relationships, and assumptions that define the body of knowledge of urban planning.
• OVERVIEW OF There are eight procedural theories of planning that remain the principal theories of
URBAN AND planning procedure today: the rational-comprehensive approach, the incremental
REGIONAL approach, the transactive approach, the communicative approach, the advocacy
THEORIES AND approach, the equity approach, the radical approach, and the humanist or
ISSUES
phenomenological approach.

•THE
COMPREHENSIVE
PLANNING
PROCESS
• The modern origins of urban planning lie in the movement for urban
reform that arose as a reaction against the disorder of the industrial city in the mid-
19th century. Urban planning exists in various forms and it addresses many different
issues. Urban planning can include urban renewal, by adapting urban planning
methods to existing cities suffering from decline. Alternatively, it can concern the
massive challenges associated with urban growth, particularly in the Global South.

In the late 20th century, the term sustainable development has come to represent an
ideal outcome in the sum of all planning goals

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
• BASIC PLANNING
CONCEPTS AND
HISTORICAL
OVERVIEW AND
INFLUENCES COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING PROCESS
Comprehensive planning is a process that determines community goals and

• OVERVIEW OF aspirations in terms of community development. The result is called a comprehensive

plan and both expresses and regulates public policies on transportation, utilities, land
URBAN AND
use, recreation, and housing. Comprehensive plans typically encompass large
REGIONAL
THEORIES AND geographical areas, a broad range of topics, and cover a long-term time horizon. The
ISSUES term comprehensive planning is most often used by urban planners in the United
States.
•THE
In Canada, comprehensive planning is generally known as strategic planning
COMPREHENSIVE
PLANNING or visioning. It is usually accompanied by public consultation. When cities and
PROCESS municipalities engage in comprehensive planning the resulting document is known as
an Official Community Plan or OCP for short. (In Alberta, the resultant document is
referred to as a Municipal Development Plan.

Comprehensive Planning typically follows a planning process that consists of

eight different steps. By following this process, planners are able to determine a wide
range of interconnecting issues that affect an urban area. Each step can be seen as
interdependent and many times planners will revise the order to best fit their needs.

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
• BASIC PLANNING
CONCEPTS AND
HISTORICAL
OVERVIEW AND HISTORY OF COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING PROCESS

INFLUENCES
The issue of comprehensive planning in the United States has been addressed
since the birth of the country. The original Williamsburg was one of the first highly
• OVERVIEW OF
successful products of an attempt to create a land use plan in the colonies. In 1699,
URBAN AND
Williamsburg was laid out under the most detailed piece of town-planning legislation
REGIONAL
THEORIES AND adopted in the English colonies up to that point. Williamsburg reflected what is
ISSUES referred to as “axial planning,” which means that it is formal but not pompous. Many
argue that the modern phase of American city planning began with the Columbian

•THE Exposition of 1893. However, the modern era of planning for growth and
COMPREHENSIVE development began in 1900, when several papers dealing with the beautification of
PLANNING
government buildings were presented at an annual meeting of the American Institute
PROCESS
of Architects in Washington, D.C. This meeting resulted in the appointment of a
committee responsible for preparing a plan for the District of Columbia’s park system.
In 1901 the final plan for the park system was completed, and it left an impression on
many cities and villages throughout the country. Public improvement groups were
established in these communities, and they began the work of applying the new gospel
of planning. Early on, this planning process was referred to as the “City Beautiful
Movement.” This movement established two aspects of the local comprehensive
planning process that are still in use: (1) the professional consultant in the field of
comprehensive land use planning, and (2) the planning commission, which is used in
communities all across the country. The City Beautiful Movement was the beginning
of what is more commonly referred to today as “Comprehensive Planning.”

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
• BASIC PLANNING
CONCEPTS AND WHAT IS COMPREHENSIVE PLAN?
HISTORICAL
OVERVIEW AND
Comprehensive planning is an attempt to establish guidelines for the future
INFLUENCES growth of a community. As the term “comprehensive” suggests, this is an all-inclusive
approach to addressing the issue of a community’s future growth. A comprehensive
• OVERVIEW OF plan is the formal document produced through this process. The document is official
URBAN AND in nature, meaning that it is designed to be adopted into law by some form of local

REGIONAL government. The document should then serve as a policy guide to decisions about
THEORIES AND community development.
ISSUES

•THE According to William I. Goodman, a well-known author on the subject of

COMPREHENSIVE comprehensive planning, the key principle in the concept of the comprehensive plan is
PLANNING
PROCESS that it is an instrument to be used by community leaders who establish the policies and
make the decisions regarding physical development. According to Goodman, the plan
document should fulfill six basic requirements:

• It should be comprehensive.

• It should be long-range.

• It should be general.

• It should focus on physical development.

• It should relate physical design proposals to community goals and social and
economic policies.

• It should be a policy instrument first, and a technical instrument only second.

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
• BASIC PLANNING
WHAT IS COMPREHENSIVE PLAN?
CONCEPTS AND
HISTORICAL
OVERVIEW AND Comprehensive planning is an attempt to establish guidelines for the future

INFLUENCES growth of a community. As the term “comprehensive” suggests, this is an all-inclusive

approach to addressing the issue of a community’s future growth. A comprehensive
plan is the formal document produced through this process. The document is official
• OVERVIEW OF
in nature, meaning that it is designed to be adopted into law by some form of local
URBAN AND
government. The document should then serve as a policy guide to decisions about
REGIONAL
community development.
THEORIES AND
ISSUES

According to William I. Goodman, a well-known author on the subject of

•THE
COMPREHENSIVE comprehensive planning, the key principle in the concept of the comprehensive plan is
PLANNING that it is an instrument to be used by community leaders who establish the policies and
PROCESS
make the decisions regarding physical development. According to Goodman, the plan
document should fulfill six basic requirements:

• It should be comprehensive.

• It should be long-range.

• It should be general.

• It should focus on physical development.

• It should relate physical design proposals to community goals and social and
economic policies.

• It should be a policy instrument first, and a technical instrument only second.

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
• BASIC PLANNING
CONCEPTS AND
HISTORICAL
OVERVIEW AND
INFLUENCES

What Is Included Within a Comprehensive Plan?

• OVERVIEW OF
URBAN AND The elements of a comprehensive plan can vary from community to community. In
REGIONAL most cases though, the plan consists of a study of existing conditions and a discussion
THEORIES AND of future trends, goals, and objectives. Land use patterns, housing conditions,
ISSUES
population, roadways, and other infrastructure issues are usually the principle
elements that are studied.
•THE
COMPREHENSIVE In some cases, educational facilities are reviewed along with recreational and other
PLANNING government facilities. Social service facilities may also be discussed. Comprehensive
PROCESS
plans deal with the land-use-related issues relevant to each of these topics.

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
○ PLANNING AND
PLANNING AND PARTICULAR PROJECTS
PARTICULAR
PROJECT LAND USE PLANNING

•LAND USE Land-use - an activity performed on a parcel of land, expressed

PLANNING by category, through color or black/white hatch pattern. Land-use
planning is basically concerned with location and amount of various
land use areas such as residential, commercial, religious, cultural and
•PHYSICAL other activities engaged in by the residents of a city in conduct of their
PLANNING life. It takes into consideration the economic, social and environmental
conditions while selecting and adopting best option for future land use
and structure to built upon land.
•TRANSPORTATION Land-use planning aims to make the best use of land resources by:
AND PUBLIC • Assessing present and future needs and matching it with supply;
FACILITY • Identifying and resolving conflicts between competing uses, between
PLANNING the needs of individuals and those of the community, and between the
needs of the present generation and those of future generations;
(INFRASTRUCTURE) • Seeking sustainable options that best meet identified needs and bring
about desired changes;

•ENVIRONMENTAL General Principles

PLANNING Location Requirements - Identify three major functional areas in the

urban complex.
1) the work areas,
•TOURISM
PLANNING 2) the living areas and
3) the leisure-time areas; and

•HISTORICAL 4) distributing them in space as per their locational attributes.

PRESERVATION
Planning General Principles Space Requirements – is a basis for
assessing land requirement to accommodate growth in urban areas in
• FISCAL PLANNING the next 20 years.
Space Requirements – is a basis for assessing land requirement to
accommodate growth in urban areas in the next 20 years. It consists of
three major steps:
• Study of existing land use pattern.
• Derivation of space standards e.g. density standards population in
residential areas and works in industrial and business areas.
• Space requirement for facilities such as school, hospital , parks and
play grounds and others .

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
○ PLANNING AND
PARTICULAR
URBAN AND LAND USE COLOR MAP
PROJECT
•LAND USE
PLANNING

•PHYSICAL
PLANNING

•TRANSPORTATION
AND PUBLIC
FACILITY
PLANNING

(INFRASTRUCTURE)

•ENVIRONMENTAL
PLANNING

•TOURISM
PLANNING

•HISTORICAL
PRESERVATION

• FISCAL PLANNING

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
○ PLANNING AND
PARTICULAR PHYSICAL PLANNING
PROJECT
Physical planning is a key component of urban development initiatives and
•LAND USE
sets the boundaries that any detailed project must adhere to – such as the legal and
PLANNING
technical guidelines that should be followed. Urban transformation and renewal must
be developed as a proactive element of physical planning as it provides a practical and
•PHYSICAL
PLANNING sustainable means of preparing for future urbanization.

•TRANSPORTATION
Planning the housing layout in a neighborhood is a priority task that may be
AND PUBLIC
able to be done quickly without professional planners. If the disaster impact is
FACILITY widespread, and reconstruction entails extensive infrastructure, public facilities,
PLANNING
relocation, and connectivity issues, then physical planning is required and the

(INFRASTRUCTURE) deployment of a professional planning team by one of the means described above is
necessary. Gather data and maps from government planners preparing for
reconstruction of major infrastructure may have GIS data, maps, and/or satellite
•ENVIRONMENTAL
images that can be extended into local areas or made available directly to local
PLANNING
planners. Useful data for planning are increasingly available publicly. For information
on this topic, Information and Communications Technology in Reconstruction. Seek
•TOURISM the leadership of an experienced planner or planners deployed for a short period of
PLANNING
time, potentially with support from humanitarian or development agencies, if local
expertise is not available
•HISTORICAL
PRESERVATION

• FISCAL PLANNING

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

Mandatory signs • PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING

These signs are blue in
○ PLANNING AND
PARTICULAR Objectives of Physical Planning:
PROJECT
• To enhance economic development.
•LAND USE
PLANNING
• To plan cities and towns.

• To facilitate the provision of infrastructure, utilities and services

•PHYSICAL
PLANNING • To create order where there is chaos.

• Creation of beauty.
•TRANSPORTATION
• To reduce psychological stress.
AND PUBLIC
FACILITY • To create a conducive environment for all.
PLANNING
• Conservation of aesthetics.

(INFRASTRUCTURE) • Functions of Physical Planning:

• To initiate, formulate and review the National Land Use Policy.

•ENVIRONMENTAL
• National and regional planning
PLANNING
• Standard setting.

•TOURISM • Technical support to local authorities

PLANNING
• Technical and administrative support to the Town and Country
Planning Board
•HISTORICAL
PRESERVATION • Review of the legal framework for physical planning in the country.

• Inspection and monitoring all land based developments in the country

• FISCAL PLANNING to ensure that they conform to approve planning schemes, laws and
regulation.

• To monitor the manner of utilization and development of land by

various ministries and organizations to ensure compliance with national
policies, standards and plans.

• To liaise with local and international organizations including NGOs

that have relevance to physical planning.

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
○ PLANNING AND
PARTICULAR
PROJECT
•LAND USE
PLANNING
Importance & Benefits of Physical Planning:

•PHYSICAL
PLANNING
• Helpful in the fight against urban and rural poverty.

• Helps to address environmental problems.

•TRANSPORTATION
AND PUBLIC • Helps to maximize the use of land and other resources.

FACILITY • Facilitates orderly development.

PLANNING
• Introduces beauty in our settlements.
(INFRASTRUCTURE) • Separates incompatible land uses.

• Eases service provision.

•ENVIRONMENTAL
• Plans can be used as a fundraising tool.
PLANNING
• Helps to improve property values.
•TOURISM • Deals with natural selfishness among developers and thus reduces
PLANNING
nuisances.

•HISTORICAL • Helps conserve/preserve important features/areas.

PRESERVATION • Sensitization of the public in support of development efforts.

• Protects water catchment areas and protects underground water

• FISCAL PLANNING reserves.

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

Mandatory signs • PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
These signs are blue in
○ PLANNING AND
PARTICULAR Transport Planning
PROJECT
•LAND USE
PLANNING
Is the process of analysis of travel demand in a city or region having
regards to socio-economic, land use, and other factors and formulations
•PHYSICAL
PLANNING of policies, programs, plans, and project for its efficient management.

•TRANSPORTATION
INFRASTRACTURE
AND PUBLIC
FACILITY
PLANNING The basic components of a human settlement that make it
functional and improve its quality of life and include network of water
(INFRASTRUCTURE)
supply , sewerage, drainage, electricity, communication,
transportation, facilities and services.
•ENVIRONMENTAL
PLANNING
• Facility – in urban planning a premises where health-care,
educational, socio-cultural and recreational activities take place.
•TOURISM
PLANNING

• Services – include transportation by rail, road, air, waterways,

•HISTORICAL
telecommunication, police protection, fire fighting , postal and etc.
PRESERVATION

• FISCAL PLANNING • Utilities – basic services like water supply, sewerage, drainage and
electric supply.

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

Mandatory signs • PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
These signs are blue in
○ PLANNING AND
PARTICULAR
PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING
•LAND USE
PHASES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING
PLANNING
Environmental planning is the process of facilitating decision making to carry
•PHYSICAL out land development with the consideration given to the natural environment, social,
PLANNING political, economic and governance factors and provides a holistic framework to
achieve sustainable outcomes. A major goal of environmental planning is to create
•TRANSPORTATION sustainable communities, which aim to conserve and protect undeveloped land.

AND PUBLIC
FACILITY
PLANNING • PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT – A city’s environment includes its location,
climate, and its proximity to source of food and water.
(INFRASTRUCTURE)

• SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT – The environment includes the groups to which a

•ENVIRONMENTAL
city’s residents belong. The neighborhoods in which they live the organization of its
PLANNING
workplaces. One of the biggest issues in most cities is the in equitable distribution of
resources.
•TOURISM
PLANNING

• ECONIMIC ENVIRONMENT – Primary employers, such as manufacturing as

•HISTORICAL well as research and development companies, retail, business, universities, federal
PRESERVATION labs, local government, cultural institutions, and departments of tourism all play
strong roles in a city’s economy.

• FISCAL PLANNING

Planners work with local authorities to make sure residents are not excluded from the
benefits of urbanization as a result of physical, social or economic barriers.

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
○ PLANNING AND
PARTICULAR
PROJECT Tourism Planning :
•LAND USE
PLANNING 1.Objective – what is to be expected, to be achieved in planning for tourism
development.

•PHYSICAL 2. Policy – the approach applied to guide and determine decision-making; expressed in
PLANNING
term of a set of statements and relates directly to the development objectives.

3. Plan – refers to an orderly arrangement of parts of an overall system that reflects the
•TRANSPORTATION
policy; consists of maps, other graphic representations, and explanatory text including
AND PUBLIC
statements on recommendations.
FACILITY
PLANNING 4. Strategy – refers to the means of accomplishing the policy and plan
recommendations or the development of action.
(INFRASTRUCTURE)
5.Conservation –refers to the planned management of specific sites and places, natural
and cultural resources in general, and not necessarily categorical preservation, which
•ENVIRONMENTAL
used to mean no change of the site, place, or resource, and sometimes includes
PLANNING
restoration to its original condition.

•TOURISM
Goals of tourism Planning :
PLANNING
• Enhanced visitor satisfaction – planning should provide a check on inter-
relationships of development; the worth of the planned development is judged by the
•HISTORICAL user/visitor
PRESERVATION
• Better business and improved economy – strengthens many areas of the economy

• FISCAL PLANNING • Sustainable resource use – the trend encourages greater energy conservation and
recycling of waste

• Community integration - An important goal of tourism planning is to integrate all

tourism development into the social and economic life of a community.

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

Mandatory signs • PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING

These signs are blue in
○ PLANNING AND
PARTICULAR
PROJECT Significance of Tourism Planning :
•LAND USE
PLANNING

• To determine the optimum level of tourism that can result in the achievement of
•PHYSICAL environmental conservation objectives.
PLANNING
• To ensure that the natural and cultural resources are indefinitely maintained in the
process of development.
•TRANSPORTATION
AND PUBLIC • There must be careful matching of tourist markets and products through the planning

FACILITY process without compromising socio-cultural and environmental objectives.

PLANNING
• The direct and indirect economic benefits can best be optimized through the careful
and integrated planning.
(INFRASTRUCTURE)
• Tourism can generate various socio-cultural benefits as well as problems.

•ENVIRONMENTAL • Tourism is a multi-sectoral, complicated and fragmented activity such that planning
PLANNING and project development coordination are necessary.

• Planning provides the rational basis for development staging and project
•TOURISM programming.
PLANNING
• To upgrade and revitalize existing outmoded or badly developed tourism areas and
plan for new tourism areas in the future; and
•HISTORICAL
PRESERVATION • To satisfy the manpower skills and capability requirements of tourism development.

TOURISM PLANNING PROCESS

• FISCAL PLANNING

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

Mandatory signs • PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
These signs are blue in
○ PLANNING AND
PARTICULAR
PROJECT HISTORIC PRESERVATION
•LAND USE
PLANNING
Principles of Preservation Planning

•PHYSICAL •Important historic properties cannot be replaced if they are destroyed. Preservation
PLANNING
planning provides for conservative use of these properties, preserving them in place
and avoiding harm when possible and altering or destroying properties only when
•TRANSPORTATION necessary.
AND PUBLIC
• If planning for the preservation of historic properties is to have positive effects, it
FACILITY
must begin before the identification of all significant properties has been completed.
PLANNING
To make responsible decisions about historic properties, existing information must be
(INFRASTRUCTURE) used to the maximum extent and new information must be acquired as needed.

• Preservation planning includes public participation. The planning process should

•ENVIRONMENTAL provide a forum for open discussion of preservation issues. Public involvement is
PLANNING most meaningful when it is used to assist in defining values of properties and
preservation planning issues, rather than when it is limited to review of decisions

•TOURISM already made. Early and continuing public participation is essential to the broad
PLANNING acceptance of preservation planning decisions.

GOAL
•HISTORICAL
Preservation goals and priorities are adapted to land units through integration with
PRESERVATION
other planning concerns. This integration must involve the resolution of conflicts that
arise when competing resources occupy the same land base. Successful resolution of
• FISCAL PLANNING these conflicts can often be achieved through judicious combination of inventory,
evaluation and treatment activities. Since historic properties are irreplaceable, these
activities should be heavily weighted to discourage the destruction of significant
properties and to be compatible with the primary land use.

It also aims to preserve the historical scenes and story in a certain place.

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

Mandatory signs • PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING

These signs are blue in
○ PLANNING AND
PARTICULAR
PROJECT FISCAL PLANNING
•LAND USE
It is defined as a continuous process which involves decisions or choices about
PLANNING
alternate ways of using available resources with the aim of achieving particular goals.

•PHYSICAL • Planning helps to identify those deficiencies in the economy and the social structure
PLANNING which demand largest attention from the standpoint of economic growth.

BUDGET
•TRANSPORTATION
• Budget is an operational plan, for a definite period usually a year, expressed in
AND PUBLIC
financial terms & based on expected income & expenditure.
FACILITY
PLANNING • Budget is a concrete precise picture of the total operation of an enterprise in
monetary terms.
(INFRASTRUCTURE)
PURPOSE

•ENVIRONMENTAL • Budget supplies the mechanism for translating fiscal objective into projected
monthly spending pattern.
PLANNING
• Budget enhances fiscal planning & decision making.
•TOURISM • Budget clearly recognizes controllable & uncontrollable cost areas.
PLANNING
• It offers a useful format for communicating fiscal objectives.

•HISTORICAL • It allows feedback for utilization of capital money.

PRESERVATION
• It helps to identify problem areas & facilitates effective solution.

• It provides means for measuring & recording financial success with the objective of
• FISCAL PLANNING
the organization.

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

Mandatory signs • PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING

These signs are blue in
○ PLANNING AND
PARTICULAR
PROJECT PRINCIPLES OF BUDGET
•LAND USE
• Budget should provide sound financial management by focusing on requirement of
PLANNING
the organization.

•PHYSICAL • Budget should focus on objectives and policies of the organizations.

PLANNING
• Budget should ensure the most effective use of scarce financial and non financial
resources
•TRANSPORTATION
• Budget requires that a program activities planned in advance.
AND PUBLIC
FACILITY • Budgeting should include coordinating efforts of various departments establishing a
PLANNING frame of reference for managerial decisions and providing a criterion for evaluating
managerial performance.
(INFRASTRUCTURE)
• Setting budget target requires an adequate checks and balance against the adoption
of too high or too low estimate.
•ENVIRONMENTAL
• Budget is prepared under the direction and supervision of the administrator of
PLANNING
financial officer.

•TOURISM CLASSIFICATION OF BUDGET:

PLANNING
• Budget can be classified into the following main three sections:-

•HISTORICAL 1. Manpower budget:- It includes wages & other benefits provided for regular &
temporary workers.
PRESERVATION
2. Capital expenditure budget:- It includes purchases of land, buildings, & major

• FISCAL PLANNING equipment of considerable expense & life long.

3. Operational budget;- It includes the cost of supplies, major equipment, repairs &
overhead expenses.

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

Mandatory signs • PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING

○ INSTITUTIONS IN
PLANNING INSTITUTION IN PLANNING
The planning process in the Philippines is a function
○PRESENT
performed mainly by two national agencies and shared by some
PLANNING
government entities and private institutions. Two kinds of planning
LAWS
take place namely, the economic and the physical planning , which
(HLURB guidelines )
exist two separate and distinct processes.
(P.D. 957 )
(NHA)
(NEDA)
• NATIONAL ECONIMIC PLANING (NEC)
(DILG)
National economic planning is entrusted to the National Economic
(MMDA)
Council (NEC) as the economic policy-making body, and the
Presidential Economic Staff (PES), which although an implementing
○ENVIRONMENTAL
agency also performs programming functions and policy making duties
ASSESMENTS
The duties of the NEC, as the national economic planning agency,
range from he encompassing role of acting as an economic adviser to
○ CURRENT STATES
president to the more specific function of producing an inventory of the
CHALLENGES AND
country’s needs and resources and establishing a program of priorities
ISSUES for development projects to meet these economic needs.

• PRESIDENTIAL ECONOMIC STAFF (PES)

The presidential economic staff undertakes economic development

planning at a level between the overall aggregate view of the National
Economic Council and the specialized views of individual government
departments, corporations, and financial in situations. It is concerned
chiefly with economic activities, but more specifically in the translation
of NEC’s plans and proposals into workable projects and programs.

The Pes has an fact been actively involved in project evaluation and
feasibility studies for which it established a division called Project
Assistance and Evaluation Offices to take charge regional economic
and locational planning.

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
○ INSTITUTIONS IN
PLANNING PRESENT PLANNNING LAWS
• HLURB Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (formerly Human
○PRESENT
PLANNING Settlement Regulatory Commission)

LAWS • HLURB is the sole regulatory for housing and land development.
(HLURB guidelines )
(P.D. 957 ) • Ensures rational land use for the equitable distribution and enjoyment
of development benefits.
(NHA)
(NEDA) • Charged with encouraging greater private sector participation in low-
(DILG) cost housing through liberalization of development standards,

(MMDA) simplification of regulations, and decentralization of approvals for

permits and licenses.

○ENVIRONMENTAL • Extends comprehensive and productive planning assistance to

ASSESMENTS provinces, cities, and municipalities toward the formulation of
Comprehensive Land Use Plans (CLUPs).

○ CURRENT STATES • A national government agency tasked as the planning, regulatory and
CHALLENGES AND quasi-judicial body for land use development and real estate and
ISSUES housing regulation. These roles are done via a triad of strategies
namely, policy development, planning and regulation.

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PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
○ INSTITUTIONS IN
P.D. 957 (REVISED RULES AND REGULATIONS IMPLEMENTING THE
PLANNING
SUBDIVISION AND CONDOMINIUM BUYER'S PROTECTIVE DECREE)

○PRESENT Is a law that seeks to regulate the sale of subdivision lots and condominiums in view
PLANNING of the increasing number of incidents wherein “real estate subdivision owners,
LAWS developers, operators, and/or sellers have reneged on their representations and
(HLURB guidelines ) obligations to proved and maintain properly” the basic requirements and amenities, as
(P.D. 957 ) well as “reports of alarming magnitude… of swindling and fraudulent manipulations
(NHA) perpetrated by unscrupulous subdivision and condominium sellers and operators.” As
(NEDA) such, P.D. 957 requires the registration not just of the developers, seller, brokers
(DILG) and/or owners of the project but also of the project itself. Upon the registration of the

(MMDA) project, a license to sell must be obtained prior to the sale of the subdivision lots or
condominium units therein. The law also provides for the suspension and revocation
of the registration and license in certain instances, as well as the procedure to be
○ENVIRONMENTAL
observed in the event thereof. Finally, the law provides for administrative fines and
ASSESMENTS
other penalties in case of violation of, or non-compliance with its provisions.

A review of the relevant provisions of P.D. 957 reveals that while the law penalizes
○ CURRENT STATES
the selling of subdivision lots and condominium units without prior issuance of a
CHALLENGES AND
Certificate of Registration and License to Sell by the HLURB, it does not provide that
ISSUES
the absence thereof will automatically render a contract, otherwise validly entered,
void. The penalty imposed by the decree is the general penalty provided for the
violation of any of its provisions. It is well-settled in this jurisdiction that the clear
language of the law shall prevail. This principle particularly enjoins strict compliance
with provisions of law which are penal in nature, or when a penalty is provided for the
violation thereof. With regard to P.D. 957, nothing therein provides for the
nullification of a contract to sell in the event that the seller, at the time the contract
was entered into, did not possess a certificate of registration and license to sell. Absent
any specific sanction pertaining to the violation of the questioned provisions (Secs. 4
and 5), the general penalties provided in the law shall be applied. The general
penalties for the violation of any provisions in P.D. 957 are provided for in Sections
38 and 39. As can early be seen in the aforequoted provisions, the same do not include
the nullification of contracts that are otherwise validly entered.

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
○ INSTITUTIONS IN
PLANNING NHA (National Housing Authority)
• The National Housing Authority is the sole government agency engaged in direct
○PRESENT
shelter production focused on providing housing assistance to the lowest 30% of urban
PLANNING
income-earners through slum upgrading, squatter relocation, development of sites and
LAWS
services, and construction of core housing units.
(HLURB guidelines )
(P.D. 957 ) • Undertakes programs for the improvement of blighted urban areas and provides
(NHA) technical assistance for private developers undertaking low-cost housing projects.
(NEDA)
NEDA
(DILG)
(MMDA) The National Economic and Development Authority (Filipino: Pambansang
Pangasiwaan sa Kabuhayan at Pagpapaunlad), abbreviated as NEDA, is an
independent cabinet-level agency of the Philippine government responsible for
○ENVIRONMENTAL
economic development and planning. It is headed by the President of the
ASSESMENTS
Philippines as chairman of the NEDA board, with the Secretary of Socio-Economic
Planning, concurrently NEDA Director-General, as vice-chairman. A number
○ CURRENT STATES
of Cabinet members, the Governor of the Central Bank, the Chairman of
CHALLENGES AND the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority, the Governor of the Autonomous
ISSUES Region in Muslim Mindanao, the Chairman of the Commission on Information and
Communications Technology, the Chairman of the Subic-Clark Area Development
Corporation, and the National President of the Union of Local Authorities of the
Philippines are members of the NEDA Board.

The present Director-General and Socioeconomic Planning Secretary is Sec. Ernesto

Pernia as appointed by president Rodrigo Duterte.

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
○ INSTITUTIONS IN
PLANNING DILG
The Philippine Department of the Interior and Local
○PRESENT Government (Filipino: Kagawaran ng Interyor at Pamahalaang Lokal), abbreviated
PLANNING
as DILG, is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for
LAWS
promoting peace and order, ensuring public safety and strengthening local government
(HLURB guidelines ) capability aimed towards the effective delivery of basic services to the citizenry.
(P.D. 957 )
(NHA) The department is currently led by the Secretary of the Interior and Local

(NEDA) Government, nominated by the President of the Philippines and confirmed by

the Commission on Appointments. The Secretary is a member of the Cabinet. The
(DILG)
current Secretary of the Interior and Local Government is Former AFP Chief of
(MMDA)
Staff Eduardo Año.

○ENVIRONMENTAL MMDA
ASSESMENTS The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (Filipino: Pangasiwaan sa
Pagpapaunlad ng Kalakhang Maynila, MMDA), is an agency of the Republic of the
○ CURRENT STATES Philippines created embracing the cities of Manila, Quezon
CHALLENGES AND City, Caloocan, Pasay, Mandaluyong, Makati, Pasig, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Las
ISSUES Piñas, Parañaque, Valenzuela, Malabon, Taguig, Navotas and San Juan and the
municipality of Pateros. Metropolitan Manila or the National Capital Region is
constituted into a special development and administrative region subject to direct
supervision of the Office of the President of the Philippines. The MMDA office is
located at Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) corner Orense Street,
Guadalupe, Makati, Philippines.

The MMDA performs planning, monitoring and coordinative functions, and in the
process exercises regulatory and supervisory authority over the delivery of metro-wide
services within Metro Manila without diminution of the autonomy of the local
government units concerning purely local matters.

The agency is headed by a Chairman, who is appointed by, and continues to hold
office at the discretion of, the President. The Chairman is vested with the rank, rights,
privileges, disqualifications, and prohibitions of a cabinet member

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
○ INSTITUTIONS IN
PLANNING Environmental assessment in planning
Our environmental laws are very important to us. It is very important because
○PRESENT we all know that some are still depending to our natural environment for a living like
PLANNING
those who are belong to a community located to mountainous areas and also for us
LAWS
living in a rural areas or urban areas. By the implementation of these environmental
(HLURB guidelines ) laws, we are all gaining information’s and knowledges about the proper protection of
(P.D. 957 )
our environment. For me, the summarization of all the current environmental laws and
(NHA)
policies are mainly composed of the proper utilization and management of all the
(NEDA)
aspects of our natural environment. Below are some of the most important
(DILG) environmental laws of our country.
(MMDA)
There are different laws which are provided for the environment. These are
created for the preservation, conservation and protection of the natural resources of the
○ENVIRONMENTAL Philippines. Some are intended to preserve, protect and secure human health and our
ASSESMENTS natural environment just like the pollution control laws. Some of these laws will be
discussed in the succeeding paragraphs.
○ CURRENT STATES
Philippine Environmental Policy (P.D. 1151) defines the general policies on the
CHALLENGES AND pursuit of a better quality of life for the present and future generations and mandates
ISSUES the undertaking the environmental impact assessments for all projects, which may
significantly affect the environment.

Philippine Environmental Policy (P.D. 1152) defines the policy objectives and
the strategies for the various aspects of environmental management, such as air and
water quality management, natural source development, land management, and waste
management. It launches a comprehensive national program of environmental
protection and management, with reference to policies and standards of noise, air
quality, water quality, classification of water and waste management.

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
○ INSTITUTIONS IN
• Pollution Control Law (P.D. 984) “Stating that it is imperative to strengthen the
PLANNING
National Pollution Control Commission (since subsumed by the DENR) to best
protect the people from the growing menace of environmental pollution, President
○PRESENT
PLANNING Marcos issued Presidential Decree No. 984, otherwise known as the National
Pollution Control Decree of 1976. The Decree was effective up until its repeal under
LAWS
the Clean Water Act of 2004”.
(HLURB guidelines )
(P.D. 957 ) • This law prevents possible pollution that different commercial and industrial
(NHA) businesses may give to the environment. It provides guidelines for the proper
(NEDA) discharge of sewage or industrial waste.
(DILG) • The Solid Waste Management Act of 2001(R.A. 9003) “an act providing for an
(MMDA) ecological solid waste management program, creating the necessary institutional
mechanisms and incentives, declaring certain acts prohibited and providing penalties,
○ENVIRONMENTAL appropriating funds therefore, and for other purposes.”

ASSESMENTS • This law ensures that there is proper disposal and management of wastes in different
areas of our country. There are penalties for those who will break the rules provided
○ CURRENT STATES by this law. It ensures the protection of the public health.
CHALLENGES AND • Water Code of the Philippines (P.D. 1067) “adopts adequate measures to conserve
ISSUES and regulate the use of water in commercial, industrial and residential areas. It also
provides other policy guidelines in water quality and management of water resources.”

This law is very important. It is a tool in ensuring proper management and use of
water.

• Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 (R.A. 9275) “is an act providing a
comprehensive water quality management and for other purposes.”

This law ensures and secures the health of every citizen of our country. It ensures
proper management of water resources and water quality management in all bodies of
water of the Philippines.

• Water Pollution Control P.D. 600 (amended by P.D. 979) “prohibits the discharge of
oil, noxious liquid substances, and other harmful substances into the country’s inland
and territorial waters”.

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
○ INSTITUTIONS IN
• Climate Change Act of 2009 (R.A. 9729) “an act mainstreaming climate change into
PLANNING
government policy formulations, establishing the framework strategy and program on
climate change, creating for this purpose the climate change commission, and for
○PRESENT
PLANNING other purposes”.

LAWS • Presidential Decree No. 953 ” is a law requiring the planting of trees in certain places
(HLURB guidelines ) and penalizing unauthorized cutting, destruction, damaging and injuring of certain
(P.D. 957 ) trees, plants and vegetation”.
(NHA)
• The Forestry Reform Code P.D. 389 (P.D. 705) “codifies updates and raises forestry
(NEDA)
laws in the country. It emphasizes the sustainable utilization of forest resources”.
(DILG)
Its function is to conserve the public forests of the nation, protect and preserve
(MMDA)
national parks and provide agricultural land for the people.

• Presidential Decree No. 953 ” is a law requiring the planting of trees in certain places
○ENVIRONMENTAL
and penalizing unauthorized cutting, destruction, damaging and injuring of certain
ASSESMENTS
trees, plants and vegetation”.

○ CURRENT STATES • Sanitation Code (P.D. 856) “places the responsibility in the local government units
for the solid waste management in his area of production”. It prohibits the improper
CHALLENGES AND
disposal of garbage
ISSUES

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
○ INSTITUTIONS IN
PLANNING
CURRENT STATE CHALLENGES AND ISSUE

○PRESENT
PLANNING
Land use planning is an instrument that facilitates a fair and transparent
LAWS
allocation of land resources. Besides land registration it is a core instrument in the
(HLURB guidelines )
(P.D. 957 ) steering of local development trajectories and it helps to ensure the sustainable use of
vital resources. However, land use planning is often subject to diverging interests of
(NHA)
governmental agencies as well as political will.
(NEDA)
(DILG) In theory, the interplay of plans and hierarchies in the Philippine planning

(MMDA) system has been well defined for many years. In reality, the system has been
characterized by multiple policies of different authorities with overlapping mandates.
For example, large portions of Philippine land are classified as forest land, and are
○ENVIRONMENTAL
managed through Forest Land Use Plans under the mandate of the Department of
ASSESMENTS
Environment and Natural Resources. This separation of types of land hinders
municipal planners to integrate this land into comprehensive land use planning and
○ CURRENT STATES thus largely excludes residents using these lands from the provision of municipal
CHALLENGES AND public services.
ISSUES
National Building Code from the Department of Public Works and Highways
including granting or declining of building permits, as well as (c) the reclassification
of agricultural land from the Department of Agrarian Reform, except those lands
distributed to agrarian reform beneficiaries pursuant to the Republic Act No. 6657
(Republic of the Philippines, 1991).

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
○ INSTITUTIONS IN
PLANNING
This policy brief explores the structures of land use and development planning
in the Philippines, highlights the challenges associated with plan implementation in
○PRESENT
PLANNING the administrative context and discusses the consequences for socio-economic

LAWS development. The following findings lead us to our recommendation towards a

consistent national policy framework for land use planning:
(HLURB guidelines )
(P.D. 957 )
• The complexity of developing Comprehensive Land Use Plans (CLUPs), their
(NHA) updating, and their subsequent enforcement pose challenges for municipal planning
(NEDA) administrations. Training municipal staff is a prerequisite for successful planning and
(DILG) implementation.
(MMDA)
• Plan development and implementation should be based on objective criteria and
aligned with peoples’ needs. Decoupling land use planning from the interests of
○ENVIRONMENTAL executive officers and powerful landowners is essential and contributes to the
ASSESMENTS common good.

• Land use planning (physical planning) and development planning require alignment.
○ CURRENT STATES The existing mismatch is a consequence of different and overlapping mandates
CHALLENGES AND between governmental authorities. • Incomplete and outdated cadastral information
ISSUES and shortcomings in sectoral information exchange inhibit the steps necessary to solve
the pressing issue of insecure tenure rights.

• Cooperation of agencies is currently partial and not yet systematic, which hampers a
consistent alignment of plans and integration of efforts in the country.

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
END OF MODULE

AR. MARK JUSTIN P. CARAMIHAN,pia,uap

PLANNING 3 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING