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Experiment For Chemical Oxygen Demand

The document describes an experiment to measure the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of a river water sample. The experiment involves oxidizing organic matter in the sample using dichromate and measuring the amount of oxygen consumed. Key steps include heating the sample and reagents to 150 degrees Celsius for 2 hours, then measuring the COD concentration spectrophotometrically. The COD concentration obtained for the river water sample was 52 mg/L. The sub-index of water quality index for COD based on this value was calculated to be 43.45. In conclusion, the experiment achieved its objective of determining the organic oxidizable content of the water sample.

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Farah Kharuddin
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337 views4 pages

Experiment For Chemical Oxygen Demand

The document describes an experiment to measure the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of a river water sample. The experiment involves oxidizing organic matter in the sample using dichromate and measuring the amount of oxygen consumed. Key steps include heating the sample and reagents to 150 degrees Celsius for 2 hours, then measuring the COD concentration spectrophotometrically. The COD concentration obtained for the river water sample was 52 mg/L. The sub-index of water quality index for COD based on this value was calculated to be 43.45. In conclusion, the experiment achieved its objective of determining the organic oxidizable content of the water sample.

Uploaded by

Farah Kharuddin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EXPERIMENT FOR CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND

By: Farah Salwana binti Kharuddin (1616312)

1.0 OBJECTIVE

a) To estimate the oxygen demand of organic matter when it is subjected to


oxidation by a strong chemical oxidant in river water sample.

b) To measure and determine the organic oxidizeable matters content of water


samples

2.0 INTRODUCTION

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is widely used to estimate the amount of


chemically oxydiseable matter in wastewater that are subjected to oxidation by strong
chemical oxidant (eg: dichromate). COD differs from BOD in that it measures the
oxygen demand to digest all organic content, not just that portion which could be
consumed by biological process. COD is an important, rapidly measured variable for
the approximate determination of the organic matter content of water samples. Some
water samples may contain substances that are difficult to oxidize. In these cases,
because of incomplete oxidation under the given test methods, COD values may be a
poor measure of the theoretical oxygen demand. It should also be noted that the
significance of the COD value depends on the composition of the water studied.

3.0 APPARATUS

 Test’N Tube Reagent for COD

 Deionized water

 COD Reactor/Digester

 Spectrophotometer
4.0 PROCEDURE

1. 100 ml of sample was homogenized for 30 seconds in a blender.

2. The COD Reactor was turned on and preheated to 150 degree celcius. The plastic
shield was placed in front of the reactor.

3. The cap of COD Digestion Reagent Vial was removed.

4. The vial was being hold at 45 degree angle. 2 ml of sample was pipetted into the
vial.

5. The vial cap was replaced tightly. The outside of the COD vial was rinsed with
deionized water and wipe cleaned with towel paper.

6. The vial was held by the cap and inverted gently several times to mix the
contents. The vial was placed in the preheated COD Reactor.

7. The vial was heated for 2 hours.

8. The reactor was turned off. And the vials was allowed to cool to 120 degree
celsius for 20 minutes.

9. The outside of the vial that contained deionized water and sample were cleaned
and put into the spectrophotometer. Take the reading in mg/L.

5.0 RESULT

Sample volume = 2 ml

COD Concentration = 52 mg/L

Colour of the sample before digestion = yellow

Colour of the sample after digestion = light yellow

Sub-index of WQI for COD:

0.0157COD
SI COD
= 103 e - 0.04 COD for COD > 20
0.0157COD
SI COD
= 103 e - 0.04 (52 mg/L)

= 43.45

6.0 DISCUSSION

The purpose of using blank sample in this experiment is because COD measures
the oxygen demand of organic compounds in a sample of water, it is important that no
outside organic material be accidentally added to the sample to be measured. To
control for this, a so-called blank sample is required in the determination of COD (and
BOD, for that matter). A blank sample is created by adding all reagents such as acid
and oxidizing agent to a volume of distilled water. COD is measured for both the
water and blank samples, and the two are compared. The oxygen demand in the blank
sample is subtracted from the COD for the original sample to ensure a true
measurement of organic matter.

The COD’s value needs to be monitor for the polluted surface water such as in
lakes and rivers as well as for wastewater in order to supply data and information on
the water quality such as lakes and river as well as for wastewater. Besides, to assess
strength of discharged waste such as sewage and industrial effluent waters.

The value of COD obtain in this experiment are suitable to be discharged to the
stream as the COD Concentration is 52 mg/L which have low range for COD
Digestion Reagent Vial Type. Based on the result obtained, 52 mg/L is suitable to be
discharged to the stream. The value of COD increase when the amount of pollutant
increased in surface water because there is contain ammonia in surface water that can
be organic origin, the product of decomposition plant and animal matter, or of
inorganic origin, formed due to chemical or biochemical reduction of nitrate and
nitrite. Ammonia is a very unstable compound and easily undergoes nitrification.
Ammonia is an indicator of pollution originating from soil (the excessive use of
ammonarichnfertelizers) atmosphere and sewage.

7.0 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the objective of the experiment is achieved. The experiment was
carried out to measure and determine the organic oxidizeable matters content of water
samples. Based on the experiment result obtained, the COD value obtained is 52
mg/L and from the concentration of COD, the sub index of WQI for COD is 43.45.

8.0 APPENDIX

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