GPON NETWORK - BASICS

1. Network elements
2. Used wavelengths
3. GPON – maximum reach
4. Optical characteristics
5. Theoretical power budget
6. Real power budget
7. Power budget for CATV Overlay (1550nm)
8. How to connect
GPON network active devices/elements:
 GPON OLT (central device)
 GPON ONT (end customer device)
 GPON SFP C+

GPON passive elements:

 Optical splitters
(e.g. symmetric 1:2,1:4,1:8, 1:16,
1:32,1:64)

Maximum optical split on one GPON PORT is 1:128 – so to one GPON port You can
connect up to 128 ONTs (depends on power budget – see more on next part)
Used Wavelengths:
- Downstream direction: 1490nm (+/- 10nm)
- Upstream direction: 1310nm (+/- 20nm)
- OPTIONAL: CATV Overlay (downstream): 1550nm (1550 -1560nm)

RF Overlay

Video Headend Optical Line Terminal

IGMP
GigE 1550 nm

n
Soft Switch
GigE

IP Router

GigE IPTV
Video Headend
 Limitation: maximum distance between „Nearest ONT” and „Outermost ONT” is 20km.
By DEFAULT – DASAN OLT is discovering ONTs on distance 0~20km (we can change this on OLT)

User Side Outdoor Environment Central Office

Outermost
ONU
ONU 1

OLT
ONU 2 a Splitter

ONU N b

Nearest
Maximum ONU
differential
distance Logical Reach
Maximum distance between OLT
20 km and outermost ONU supported
a – b ≤ 20 km by GTC

60 km
Physical Reach
Typical maximum
20 km distance considering
infrastructure losses
Distance is defined by optical budget.
Based on below optical characteristics:
- ONT should receive optical signal (1490nm) from range: -28 ~ -8dBm

FIBRAIN SFP GPON C+ ONT (1490/1310nm) VIDEO (1550nm)

Tx Power: +3 ~ +7 dBm
Receiver sensivity: -32 dBm
Receiver overload: -12 dBm

Elements which decreases the optical signal:

- Optical splitters:
- 1:2 – 3.7dBm
- 1:4 – 7.1dBm Adapters
- 1:8 – 10.5dBm and splice
- 1:16 – 13.7dBm
- 1:32 – 17dBm
- 1:64 – 20.5dBm
- 1:128 ~ 23.5dBm X km
- Adapters – 0.3dBm
- Splices – 0.02dBm
- Distance – 0,4dB for 1 km (0.33dB for 1km 1310nm „Corning”)
Theoretical optical budget calculation (based on datasheets)

1:16 100m Fiber Adapter

1:4 1km

5km
1:32 250m
12.25km x 0,4dB/1km = 4.9dBm
Splitter 1:4 = 7.1 dBm
12km
Splitter 1:16 = 13.7 dBm
4 splices: 4x 0.1dBm = 0.4 dBm
7 fiber Adapters: 7x0,4dBm = 2.8 dBm
1:16
Attenuation of violet link: 28.9dBm 250m

1.100km x 0,4dB/1km = 0.44dBm

Splitter 1:4 = 7.1 dBm
Splitter 1:16 = 13.7 dBm 5.250km x 0,4dB/1km = 2.1dBm
1 splice: 1x 0.05dBm = 0.05dBm Splitter 1:4 = 7.1 dBm
7 fiber adapters: 7x0,4dBm = 2.8dBm Splitter 1:32 = 17 dBm
2 splices: 2x 0.05dBm = 0.1dBm
Attenuation of the red link: 24.09 7 fiber adapters: 7x0,4dBm = 2.8dBm

Attenuation of green link : 29.1 dBm

Real (typical) optical budget calculation

1:16 Fiber Adapter

1:4 1km

5km
1:32 250m

12.250km x 0.3dB/1km = 3.7dBm 12km

Splitter 1:4 = 6.5 dBm
Splitter 1:16 = 13 dBm
4 splices : 4x 0.02dBm = 0.08dBm 1:16
7 fiber adapters: 7x0,3 dBm = 2.1dBm
250m
Attenuation : 25.38dBm

1.100km x 0,35dB/1km = 0.39dBm 5.250km x 0,35 dB/1km = 1.84dBm

Splitter 1:4 = 6.5 dBm Splitter 1:4 = 6.5 dBm
Splitter 1:16 = 13 dBm Splitter 1:32 = 16.5 dBm
1 splice: 1x 0.02dBm = 0.02dBm 2 splices: 2x 0.02dBm = 0.04 dBm
7 adapters: 7x0,3dBm = 2.1 dBm 7 adapters: 7x0,3dBm = 2.1 dBm

Attenuation : 22.01 dBm Attenuation : 26.98 dBm

ONT should receive optical signal (1490nm) from range: -28 ~ -8dBm
 Fiber Adapter

1km 1:16
1:4 RX Optical power for this ONT is:
+4.5dB
+4.5 – 22.01 = -17,51dB

5km
1:32 250m RX Optical power for this ONT is:
SFP GPON C+ is installed.
C+ typical output power is +4.5dB +4.5 – 26.98 = -22,48 dB

12km

1:16

250m
Attenuation : 22.01 dB
Attenuation : 26.98 dB
Attenuation : 25.38dB

RX Optical power for this ONT is:

+4.5 – 25.38 = -20,88 dB

ONT should receive optical signal (1490nm) from range: -28 ~ -8dB
 +20– 22.94=-2.94
DASAN GPON OLT RX 1550 should be – 2.94dB
Spliter 1:32
100m
1km

Spliter 1:2 Spliter 1:16

8km
WDM - Triplexer
250m

+20– 21.28=-1.28
RX 1550 should be – 1.28dB

Example: BKTel Fx-AOT8200:

CATV transmitter 1550nm
+ integrated EDFA
8.250km x 0,25dB/1km = 2.06dB
TX 1550nm : +20dB
Triplexer (WDM) = 0.8dB
Splitter 1:2 = 3.5 dB
1.100km x 0,25dB/1km = 0.275dB
Splitter 1:16 =13dB
Triplexer (WDM) = 0.8dB
Splices: 6x 0.02dBm = 0.12 dB
Splitter 1:2 = 3.5 dB
6 Adapters: 6x0,3dBm = 1.8 dB
Splitter 1:32 = 16.5 dB
Splices: 3x 0.02dBm = 0.06 dB Green link attenuation for 1550nm: 21.28dB
6 Adapters: 6x0,3dBm = 1.8 dB

Violet link attenuation for 1550nm: 22.94dB

ONT should receive optical signal (1550nm) from range: -8 ~ +2dB

Connectors:
- GPON SFP: SC/PC (blue connector)
- ONTs: SC/APC (green connector)
What will happened when ONT will not receive correct optical signal:
- ONT may be NOT discovered on OLT
- ONT may be discovered on OLT, but will activate/deactivate all the time
- Problems with transmissions can be present (BER – Bit Error Rate) – will be visible on OLT syslog
Please do not connect ONT directly to the GPON PORT (without proper attenuation added) because You can then damage
ONT receiver.
By default OLT is not discovering ONTs – You must enable it on OLT.
GPON port diode will shine only when at least one ACTIVE ONT is discovered