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Time Domain Measurements in Waveguide: Keith Anderson

TimeDomMeasInWavGdIMS2011Presentation110314

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80 views

Time Domain Measurements in Waveguide: Keith Anderson

TimeDomMeasInWavGdIMS2011Presentation110314

Uploaded by

robert
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

IMS2011 in Baltimore: A Perfect Match

Time Domain Measurements


in Waveguide

Keith Anderson
Agilent Technologies

© Copyright 2011 Agilent Technologies, Inc.


Agenda

• Dispersion
• Time Domain
• Measurements
• Conclusion

Page 2
Dispersion
• Group delay changes vs. frequency
• Waveguide has dispersion
• Delay increases as frequency decreases

GD Waveguide GDfreespace
Group Delay GD =
GDfreespace fcutoff 2
1
f

f / fcutoff

Page 3
Dispersion Measurement
• S11 of 2" section, WR10 (75G-110G)
• Group delay = 333ps in free space
• Measured 387~444~555ps

552ps

444ps
387ps
WR10
Head

2" WR10
Short
75GHz 90.8GHz 110GHz

Page 4
Agenda

• Dispersion
• Time Domain
• Measurements
• Conclusion

Page 5
Time Domain
• Generated using Fourier transform
• Used to:
• Locate/quantify physical problems
• Remove (gate-out) mismatches
• Time Domain acts as a TDR
• Dispersion always affects time domain
mag

time
Page 6
General Rules
• Use "band-pass" mode with waveguide
– Will display impulse response
– Cannot determine if inductive or capacitive
• Time resolution = 2/(Frequency span)
• Time range = 1/(Frequency step)
• A wide frequency span increases dispersion

Page 7
Agenda

• Dispersion
• Time Domain
• Measurements
• Conclusion

Page 8
Measure a Short
• Measure S11 of short, WR10 (75G-110G)
• Results
• No dispersion
• Measured delay = 0s
• Measured magnitude = 1

WR10 0
Head
0ps
Short

Page 9
Measure an Offset Short
• Measure S11 of 2" offset, WR10 (75G-110G)
• Results
• Impulse is dispersed
• Measured amplitude = 0.85
• Measured delay = 441ps (expect 393~557ps)
• Measured distance = 2.6" (expect 2")

0.85

WR10
Head
0
2" Waveguide
0ps (441ps, 2.6")
Short

Page 10
Narrow the Frequency Span
• Sweep 75-78GHz to minimize dispersion
• Results
• Poor time resolution
• Measured amplitude = 0.97
• Measured delay = 539ps (expect 557ps @ 75GHz)

0.97

WR10
Head
0
2" Waveguide
0ps 539ps
Short

Page 11
Change the Velocity Factor
• Velocity Factor = (Group Velocity) / c
• VF converts time delay to distance
• Set VF to 0.76 (value at median freq)
• Results
• Measured distance = 2"

0.85

WR10
Head

0
2" Waveguide
0ps 441ps, 2"
Short

Page 12
Offset the Electrical Delay
• Adjust electrical delay offset to set impulse to T=0
• Results
• Impulse is dispersed
• Measured amplitude = 0.85
• Delay offset = 441ps (expect 393~557ps)

0.85

WR10
Head
0

2" Waveguide 0ps

Short

Page 13
Change the Media
• "Media" corrects the delay offset for dispersion
• Change media from "coax" to "waveguide"
• Results
• No dispersion
• Measured delay = 339ps (333ps in free space)

0.97

WR10
Head
0
2" Waveguide
0ps
Short

Page 14
Advanced Topics

• Delay may be offset using either:


• Electrical Delay Offset
• Port Extensions
• May use both offsets for complex structures
• "Gating" is applied before delay offsets

Page 15
Agenda

• Dispersion
• Time Domain
• Measurements
• Conclusion

Page 16
Conclusion
• Waveguide is dispersive
• Time domain always exhibits dispersion
• "Velocity Factor" is used to calculate distance
• "Electrical Delay Offset" causes time-shift
• "Media" scales delay offset for dispersion
Backup Slides
Electrical Delay Offset
• ED is subtracted from the measurement
• ED is set "per trace"
• ED may be entered as time or distance
(distance is converted to time using Velocity Factor)

Page 19
Port Extension
Port Extension is similar to Delay Offset, however:
– Delay is defined per port (rather than per trace)
– Applied delay offset depends on measurement (reflection or
transmission)
– Media, Cutoff Frequency, and Propagation Velocity may be set
independently for each port

Page 20

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