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The Co-Operative Principle

The document discusses the cooperative principle of communication and how it is achieved through four maxims: quantity, quality, relation, and manner. It also defines concepts like tautology, hedges, implicature, and conventional implicature. Tautology repeats meanings using synonyms to emphasize a point. Hedges indicate uncertainty. Implicature explains what is implied rather than stated. Conversational implicature involves general understandings, while conventional implicature observes implicit relationships in conversations.

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Ayu Siti Aisyah
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29 views

The Co-Operative Principle

The document discusses the cooperative principle of communication and how it is achieved through four maxims: quantity, quality, relation, and manner. It also defines concepts like tautology, hedges, implicature, and conventional implicature. Tautology repeats meanings using synonyms to emphasize a point. Hedges indicate uncertainty. Implicature explains what is implied rather than stated. Conversational implicature involves general understandings, while conventional implicature observes implicit relationships in conversations.

Uploaded by

Ayu Siti Aisyah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The co-operative principle

The co-operative principle describes how effective communication in conversation is


achieved in common situations.

The co-operative principle can be divided into four maxims, called the Gricean Maxims,.

1. The Quantity maxim : Make your contribution as informative as is require, but not
more, or less, than is required.
A : where do you live ?
B : Actually I live with Kevin, my older brother near with grand mall, but
because he’d ruterned back to Kediri, I moved to the Bandung and have been living
for a week.

2. The Quality maxim : Do not say that which you believe to be false or for which you
lack adequate evidence/ only say things which are true do not say things for which
you lack evidence.

A : My nephew cried a long day, yesterday, I was very infuriated

3. The Relation maxim : be relevant ? you have to be relevant


Ami : Dion where are you going ?
Dion : I am sleepy

4. The Manner maxim : Be clear, brief and orderly./ have to be perspicuous be Gries be
orderly and avoid obscurity and ambiguity.

Weekend, Joni and Mia buy cake in Sir Asep. Although Sir Asep sells various types
of cake.

Joni : 3 Sir
Asep : Which one ?
Joni : 1 cheese cake and 2 chocolate cake

Tautology

Tautology is a style of language created by repeating meanings that use different words that
are synonyms to emphasize the meaning conveyed

A : By using this cream your face will look healthier, brighter, more youthful
Hedges

Hedges are kind of expression which are not totally adhering to the principles because use
hatches they are aware of the maxines but I cannot follow them accurately the listeners then
know how to handle this statement .

A : Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the zoo?

B : Im not sure but I think you have to go ahead, then trun right, go a long.

Hedges can be defined as words or phrases used to indicated that we’re not really sure that
what we’re saying is sufficiently correct or complete.

Implicature

The implication is used to explain what is interpreted, suggested or intended by the speaker
that is different from what the speaker actually said.

Conversational implicatur

Conversational implicatur is a general understanding, everyone generally knows about the


meaning or understanding of certain things.

A : Butet is a terrain person so he has a strong character

Conventional Implicature

conventional implicit terminology that can only be observed implicitly, or there is a


relationship between spoken conversations between 2 people chatting with each other.

A : I thought, you to stop eating junkfood ?

B : It’s hard. I only eat this

A : The weather is so cold, are you not cold ?


B : No, I have taken a bath.

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