Lesson 1

Android Development
Introduction
Victor Matos
Cleveland State University

Portions of this page are reproduced from work created and shared by Google and used according to terms
described in the Creative Commons 3.0 Attribution License.
 Mobile Phone Evolution

• Alexander Graham Bell became the first to

receive a patent for the electric phone.
1876

• Alfred Gross. Case Tech OH (Case Western

Reserve University). Invented/Patented
1936 Walkie-talkie, CB radio, Telephone Pager.
Chester Gould

• Dr. Martin Cooper invented first commercial

portable Motorola radio phone
1975

• iPhone
2007 • Android

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Images from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Tracy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cooper_(inventor)
 Hardware: What is inside a Smart Cellular Phone?

Oversimplifying…

Smart cellular phone ≥ radio + computer*

= +

Industries ⟵ ∑ Software + Telecom+ Semiconductor + Marketing

1-3
 Hardware: Reusing Cell Phone Frequencies

Base stations of the world,

unite!

The main idea behind cellular

communications is the division of
a large city into small areas called
cells each hosting a Base-Station.

Base-Stations operate with just

enough power to reach only the
users inside their individual cells.

Each hexagonal cell covers

approx. 10 sq miles (26 km2)

Base stations use low-power transmitters, therefore the same frequencies

can be reused in non-contiguous cells.
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 Software: What is Android?

• Android OS is an open-source Linux-based operating system for mobile

devices.

• It is being developed by the Open Handset Alliance and Google Inc.

• The operating system has a number of native applications supporting

telephony, messaging, emailing, contact management, calendar,
entertainment, multimedia experience, location services, mapping, social
interaction, etc.

• Third party Java developers can use the Android API to extend the
functionality of the devices.

• Google provides an on-line electronic market for third-party developers to

sell-distribute their custom applications.

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 Why Android?

Listen from the project creators/developers (2.19 min)

• Nick Sears. Co-founder of Android
• Steve Horowitz. Engineering Director
• Dam Morrill. Developer
• Peisun Wu. Engineering Project Manager
• Erick Tseng. Project Manager
• Iliyan Malchev. Engineer
• Mike Cleron. Software Manager
• Per Gustafsson. Graphics Designer.

Link accessed on Sept 1, 2014:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6rYozIZOgDk&eurl=http://www.android.com/abo
ut/&feature=player_embedded

You will hear statements such as:

“…currently it is too difficult to make new products … open software brings more
innovation … choices … lower costs … enables the industry to create….more
applications such as family planner, my taxes, … understand my wife better, … ”
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 What is the Open Handset Alliance?

A consortium of 80+ technology and mobile business companies.

Quoting from www.OpenHandsetAlliance.com site (2/25/2012)

“ … Today, there are 1.5 billion television sets in use around the
world. 1 billion people are on the Internet. But nearly 3 billion people
have a mobile phone, making it one of the world’s most successful
consumer products…

Building a better mobile phone would enrich the lives of countless

people across the globe.

The Open Handset Alliance™ is a group of mobile and technology

leaders who share this vision for changing the mobile experience for
consumers …”

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 Open Handset Alliance Members

Operators Software Co. Commercializat. Semiconductor Handset Manf

Bouygues Tele Ascender Corp. Accenture ARM ACER
China Mobile Borqs Aplix Atheros ASUS
China Telec. eBay Astonishing Tribe Audience Dell
China Unicom Esmertec Noser Engineering Broadcom Corp. Garmin
KDDI Corp. Google Omron Software CSR Plc. HTC
NTT DoCoMo LivingImage Sasken Cypress Kyocera
Softbank NMS Comm. Teleca Freescale Lenovo Mobile
Sprint Nextel Nuance Comm. … Gemalto LG
Telecom Italia PacketVideo Wind River Systems Intel Corp. Motorola
Telefónica SkyPop Marvell Tech NEC
Telus … MediaTek
T-Mobile SONiVOX MIPS Techn. Samsung
... Nvidia Corp Sharp
Vodafone Qualcomm …
Renesas Corp Sony Ericsson
ST-Ericsson …
Synaptics Toshiba
Texas Instrum.
Via Telecom
1-8
 Android Developers Talk

Short video (4 min.)

Dave Bort and

Dan Borstein,

Two members of the

Android Open Source
Project talk about their
experience.

Link accessed on Sept 1, 2014

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Y4thikv-OM
1-9
 The Mobile Revolution

Electronic tools commonly carried by a typical business warrior

Not so long ago … Today

1. Phone 1. Smartphone
2. Pager 2. Laptop (perhaps!)
3. PDA Organizer
4. Laptop
5. MP3 Portable music player
6. Wired modem
7. No Internet access / limited
access

Tomorrow ?
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 The Mobile Revolution

Dreaming aloud
I want my 2015 Smartphone to be …
1. Phone
2. Pager
3. PDA Organizer
4. High Quality Camera (still & video)
5. Portable music player
6. Portable TV / Video Player / Radio
7. Laptop
8. Play Station
9. GPS / Compass / Navigation (road & inside buildings)
10. Golf Caddy (ball retriever too)
11. Book Reader (I don’t read, It reads to me with passion!)
12. Electronic key (Car / Home / Office)
13. Remote Control (Garage, TV, …)
14. Credit Card / Driver’s License / Passport / Airplane Ticket
15. Cash
16. Cook, house chores
17. Psychologist / Mentor / Adviser
18. Personal trainer
19. Dance instructor
20. ???? 1 - 11
Android vs. OS Competitors

1.Apple Inc.
2.Microsoft
3.Nokia Symbiam
vs. 4.Palm & webOS
5.Research In Motion

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 Android Software/Hardware Components

• Dalvik virtual machine (soon to be replaced by ART )

• Integrated browser (WebKit)
• Graphic Capabilities (hardware acceleration)
• SQLite for structured data storage
• Media support (audio/video)
• GSM Telephony (hardware dependent)
• Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, 4G, NFC, and Wi-Fi (hardware manufacturer
dependent)
• Camera, GPS, compass, accelerometer, gyroscope, proximity/ambient
light, barometric pressure, fingerprint reader, heart rate sensor
(hardware dependent)
• Software Development Tools & Application framework
(device emulator, debugging, profiling, plugin for the Eclipse IDE, resource
managers, Android Studio)

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Android’s Software Architecture

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 Android’s Software Architecture
Video 1/3:
Software Layers
Presented by Mike Cleron, Google Corp. (13 min)
Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QBGfUs9mQYY

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 Android’s Software Architecture
Video 2/3:
Application’s Life Cycle
Presented by Mike Cleron, Google Corp. (7 min)
Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fL6gSd4ugSI&feature=channel

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 Android’s Software Architecture
Video 3/3:
Android’s API
Presented by Mike Cleron, Google Corp. (8 min)
Video available at:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MPukbH6D-lY&feature=channel

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 Android Application Framework

Video:
Inside the
Android Application Framework
(about 52 min)
Presented by Dan Morrill – Google
At Google Developer Conference
San Francisco – 2008

Available at:
http://sites.google.com/site/io/inside-the-android-application-framework

Android is designed to be fast, powerful, and easy to develop for. This session will
discuss the Android application framework in depth, showing you the machinery
behind the application framework.

explains the life-cycle of an android apk. very good!

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 Android Support - Education

Video:
Android Development Tools
(about 60 min)

Google 2011 Developer Conference

San Francisco

Presented by

• Xavier Ducrohet, tech-lead for the Android SDK and Developer Tools.
• Tor Norbye, engineer on the Android SDK team working on visual tools for
Android development.

LINK:
http://www.google.com/events/io/2011/sessions/android-development-tools.html

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 An Introduction to Android

Video:
An Introduction to Android
(about 52 min)

Presented by Jason Chen – Google

At Google Developer Conference
San Francisco - 2008

Video available at:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1ZZ-R3p_w8

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 The Dalvik Virtual Machine

Video (61 min)

Dalvik VM Internals
Presented by Dan Borstein
At Google Developer – 2008
San francisco

Video available at:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ptjedOZEXPM

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 Android Intents

• An Intent is a request for services offered by an Android based device.

• An Intent is made up of various pieces including:

– desired action or service,
– data, and
– category of component that should handle the intent and instructions
on how to launch a target activity.

Action Data

The general action to be performed, The data to operate on, such as a

such as: person record in the contacts
ACTION_VIEW database, expressed as a Uri.
ACTION_EDIT
ACTION_MAIN
etc.

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 Android Intents
Some examples of Intent’s action/data pairs are:

ACTION_VIEW content://contacts/1 -- Display information about the person

whose identifier is "1".

ACTION_DIAL content://contacts/1 -- Display the phone dialer with the

person filled in.

ACTION_VIEW tel:123 -- Display the phone dialer with the given number
filled in

ACTION_DIAL tel:123 -- Display the phone dialer with the given number filled
in.

ACTION_EDIT content://contacts/1 -- Edit information about the person

whose identifier is "1".

ACTION_VIEW content://contacts/ -- Display a list of people, which the user

can browse through.
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 Example1: Java + Built-in Intent

The following code fragment calls an Intent whose job is to invoke a built-in
task (ACTION_VIEW) and explore the Contacts available in the phone.

Intent myIntent = new Intent(

Intent.ACTION_VIEW,
Uri.parse("content://contacts/people") );

startActivity(myIntent);

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Example1: Java + Built-in Intent Intent uses ACTION_VIEW
to see Contacts.

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 Example1: Java + Built-in Intent

Java class including invocation to an Intent to display Contacts.

public class AndDemo1 extends Activity {

/** show contact list */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);

Intent myIntent = new Intent(

Intent.ACTION_VIEW,Uri.parse( "content://contacts/people"));

startActivity(myIntent);
}

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 Dissecting an Android Application

Structure of a
typical Android
Application

(Shown by Eclipse’s
Project Explorer)

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 Dissecting an Android Application

Structure of a
typical Android
Application

(Android Studio)

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 Android Manifest XML File

• Every application must have an

AndroidManifest.xml file
in its root directory.

• The manifest presents essential information

about the application to the Android system,
for instance it has an entry for each activity,
library request, and special permissions
needed to assemble the app.

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 Android Manifest XML File

This is a list of the <XML-elements> allowed in the Manifest file.

<action> <permission>
<activity> <permission-group>
<activity-alias> <permission-tree>
<application> <provider>
<category> <receiver>
<data> <service>
<grant-uri-permission> <uses-configuration>
<instrumentation> <uses-library>
<intent-filter> <uses-permission>
<manifest> <uses-sdk>
<meta-data>

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 Android Manifest XML File
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="matos.earthquake"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0.0">
<application android:icon="@drawable/yellow_circle" android:label="@string/app_name">

<activity android:name=".AndQuake"
android:label="@string/app_name">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>

<activity android:name=".SatelliteMapping"> </activity>

<service android:name="AndQuakeService" android:enabled="true" >

</service>

<receiver android:name="AndQuakeAlarmReceiver" >

<intent-filter>
<action
android:name = "ALARM_TO_REFRESH_QUAKE_LIST"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
</application>

<uses-library android:name="com.google.android.maps" />

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

</manifest> 1 - 31
 Example2. Currency converter

Implementing a currency converter:

USD ⟶ Euro ⟶ Colon (CR)

Note.
Naive implementation using a fixed
exchange rate:
1 Costa Rican Colon = 0.0019 U.S. dollars
1 Euro = 1.35 U.S. dollars

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 Example2. Currency converter
package csu.matos.currencyconverter;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;

public class Currency1 extends Activity {

//USA money format (12 digits, 2 decimals)
DecimalFormat usaDf = new DecimalFormat("###,###,###,###.##");

// naive currency converter (USD to Euros & Colones)

private final double EURO2USD = 1.35;
private final char EUROSYM = '\u20AC';
private final double COLON2USD = 0.0019;
private final char COLONSYM = '\u20A1';
// GUI widgets
Button btnConvert;
Button btnClear;
EditText txtUSDollars;
EditText txtEuros;
EditText txtColones;
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 Example2. Currency converter
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main_linear);

// bind local controls to GUI widgets

txtUSDollars = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.txtUSDollars);
// make ‘Euros’ box not-editable (no user input)
txtEuros = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.txtEuros);
txtEuros.setInputType(EditorInfo.TYPE_NULL);
// No user input. See layout: android:editable=“false”
txtColones = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.txtColones);

// attach click behavior to buttons

btnClear = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnClear);
btnClear.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
// clear the text boxes
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
txtColones.setText("");
txtEuros.setText("");
txtUSDollars.setText("");
}
});

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 Example2. Currency converter
// do the conversion from USD to Euros and Colones
btnConvert = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnConvert);
btnConvert.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
try {
String usdStr = txtUSDollars.getText().toString();
double usd = Double.parseDouble(usdStr);
String euros = EUROSYM +
String.valueOf(usaDf.format(usd / EURO2USD));
String colones = COLONSYM +
String.valueOf(usaDf.format(usd / COLON2USD));
txtEuros.setText(euros);
txtColones.setText(colones);
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
// ignore errors
}

}
});// setOnClick...

}// onCreate

}// class

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Example2. Currency converter

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 Example2. Currency converter
LAYOUT: res/layout/activity_main_linear.xml (1 of 3)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:padding="2dp" >

<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" >

<TextView
android:id="@+id/textView2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:ems="5"
android:gravity="right"
android:text="US Dollars" />

<EditText
android:id="@+id/txtUSDollars"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="2"
android:hint="Enter US Dollars amount"
android:inputType="numberDecimal" />

<requestFocus />
</LinearLayout>
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 Example2. Currency converter
LAYOUT: res/layout/activity_main_linear.xml (2 of 3)
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
<TextView
android:id="@+id/textView3"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:ems="5"
android:gravity="right"
android:text="Euros" />

<EditText
android:id="@+id/txtEuros"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="2" />
</LinearLayout>

<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" >

<TextView
android:id="@+id/textView4"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:ems="5"
android:gravity="right"
android:text="Colon CR" />
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 Example2. Currency converter
LAYOUT: res/layout/activity_main_linear.xml (3 of 3)
<EditText
android:id="@+id/txtColones"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="2"
android:editable="false" />
</LinearLayout>

<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" >

<Button
android:id="@+id/btnClear"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:text="Clear" />

<Button
android:id="@+id/btnConvert"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="2"
android:text="Convert" />
</LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>
1 - 39
APPENDIX A.

The Size of the

Mobile Market
Year 2009

Reference:
http://gizmodo.com/5489
036/cellphone-overshare

Accessed on April 2010

40
The Size of the Mobile Market – 2009
Extracted from: http://gizmodo.com/5489036/cellphone-overshare Accessed on April 2010

2009 480 m
Mobile market Papers

compared to other
1.4bn
technologies Internet users
worldwide 4 bn
Mobile Phone
worldwide
(half the
population of the
planet)
5.33% 1.5bn
6.69%
Movie information Business Directory Televisions
7.13% worlwide
Traded Stocks and
Financial

11.94%
Entertainment
News 48.7%
News and Sport
Information
20.21%
Social
Networking Content
accessed from
mobile phones
1 - 41
The Size of the Mobile Market – 2009 Extracted from:
http://gizmodo.com/5489036/cellphone-overshare
http://www.microsoft.com/investor/reports/ar09/10k_fr_bal.html
Exxon Mobil 2009 Summary Annual Report
2010 Toyota Annual Report (pp 12)

2009 Mobile Revenue

Revenue Year 2009

Microsoft
$78bn

$130 bn
Toyota Motors Messaging

$204bn
$600 bn
Voice $70 bn
Non-messaging

Exxon Mobil
$301bn

Revenue is the
collective amount of
income made by a
company (usually from
the sales of goods &
services)

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The Size of the Mobile Market – 2009
Extracted from: http://gizmodo.com/5489036/cellphone-overshare Accessed on April 2010

2009 Mobile Search Market

1.94% Yahoo

97.57% 2.43%
Google

0.63% Other

0.25% Ask

0.11% MSM

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The Size of the Mobile Market – 2009
Extracted from: http://gizmodo.com/5489036/cellphone-overshare Accessed on April 2010

2009

How SMS compares

as a text communication
application 3.05 bn
SMS users
worldwide

2.6 SMS per day 600 m

per person world IM users
average worldwide
the most used
written
communication
tool of the planet
1.3 bn
Email users
worldwide

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The Size of the Mobile Market – Fourth Quarter 2009-Q4
Extracted from: http://gizmodo.com/5489036/cellphone-overshare Accessed on April 2010

2009
Mobile Operating System
Market Share Worldwide
19% 13%
RIM iPhone

9%
Windows

6% Other
2%
Android

51%
Symbian

1 - 45
The Size of the Mobile Market – Second Quarter 2010-Q2
Extracted from: http://gizmodo.com/5489036/cellphone-overshare Accessed on April 2010

Others
Microsoft 5%
5%
Google
17%

RIM
18%

Apple
14% Nokia
41%

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The Size of the Mobile Market – Fourth Quarter 2010-Q4
Extracted from: http://gizmodo.com/5489036/cellphone-overshare Accessed on April 2010

Microsoft Others, 2.9%

3.1%

RIM
14.6% Google
32.9%

Apple Combined sales in Q4

300 million units
16.0%

Nokia
30.6%
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The Size of the Mobile Market – Second Quarter 2011-Q2
Extracted from: http://gizmodo.com/5489036/cellphone-overshare Accessed on April 2010

Windows,
Others, 3%
WebOs, 5%

RIM, 11%

Android, 52%
iPhone , 29%

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The Size of the Mobile Market – First Quarter 2014-Q1
Taken on Sept 2014, from:
http://techcrunch.com/2014/05/06/android-still-growing-market-share-by-winning-first-time-smartphone-users/

Number of new devices sold in the indicated periods.

AOSP = Android Open Source Project
1 - 49
The Size of the Mobile Market – First Quarter 2014-Q3
Obtained on Dec 2014 from: http://www.gartner.com/document/2911618

1 - 50
 Some New Products-Ideas for 2011 -15
Open Automotive Alliance
http://www.openautoalliance.net/#members

Flex screen phones

Wearable devices

Large screen smartphones

1 - 51
 Some New Products-Ideas for 2011 -15

Open Automotive Alliance

http://www.openautoalliance.net/#members

"The OAA is a global alliance of technology and

auto industry leaders committed to bringing
the Android platform to cars starting in 2015 “

Founding members
Audi, GM, Google, Honda, Hyundai and NVIDIA

New Members
• Alpine • FUJITSU TEN • Nissan • Subaru
• Bentley • HARMAN • Panasonic • Suzuki
• Clarion • Infiniti • Parrot • Symphony
• CloudCar • JVCKENWOOD • Pioneer Teleca
• Delphi • LG • Renault • Volkswagen
• FIAT Chrysler • Maserati • Renesas • Volvo
• Ford • Mazda • SEAT
• Freescale • Mitsubishi • Škoda

1 - 52
 Cell-Phone Diffusion

Dr. Lyza Lyth

Mma Justine & her children

Mount Kilimanjaro
Tanzania, October 2010

1 - 53
 Cell-Phone Diffusion

Taken from
Determinants of Mobile Phone
Penetration Rates in Asia and Africa: A
Panel Data Analysis. By Kokila P. Doshi
and Andrew Narwold.
Proceedings of 9th International
Business and Social Science Research
Conference January, 2014, Dubai, UAE,
ISBN: 978-1-922069-41-2

Figure 1.
Mobile subscription per 100
inhabitants

Figure 2.
Fixed lines per 100 inhabitants
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Thanks for being here

Questions?

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