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5G Introduction

5G is the fifth generation cellular network technology that provides broadband access and follows 2G, 3G, and 4G technologies. The first substantial 5G deployments occurred in April 2019 in South Korea by the three major carriers using 3.5 GHz spectrum, with over 260,000 customers signing up in the first month. Verizon also launched limited 5G service in Chicago and Minneapolis using 28 GHz spectrum, with download speeds from 80-900 Mbps. 5G networks use digital cellular networks with small geographical cells connected by fiber backhaul, and can support up to a million devices per square kilometer compared to 4,000 for 4G.

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92 views

5G Introduction

5G is the fifth generation cellular network technology that provides broadband access and follows 2G, 3G, and 4G technologies. The first substantial 5G deployments occurred in April 2019 in South Korea by the three major carriers using 3.5 GHz spectrum, with over 260,000 customers signing up in the first month. Verizon also launched limited 5G service in Chicago and Minneapolis using 28 GHz spectrum, with download speeds from 80-900 Mbps. 5G networks use digital cellular networks with small geographical cells connected by fiber backhaul, and can support up to a million devices per square kilometer compared to 4,000 for 4G.

Uploaded by

Vincent
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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5G is generally seen as the fifth generation cellular network technology that provide broadband access.

The industry association 3GPP defines any system using "5G NR" (5G New Radio) software as "5G", a
definition that came into general use by late 2018. Others may reserve the term for systems that meet
the requirements of the ITU IMT-2020, which represents more nations. 3GPP will submit their 5G NR to
the ITU. [1] It follows 2G, 3G and 4G and their respective associated technologies (such
as GSM, UMTS, LTE, LTE Advanced Pro, etc.).

5G

3GPP's 5G logo

Introduced April 2019

The first fairly substantial deployments were in April 2019. In South Korea, SK Telecom claimed 38,000
base stations, KT Corporation 30,000 and LG U Plus18,000; of which 85% are in six major cities.[2] They
are using 3.5 GHz (sub-6) spectrum and tested speeds were from 193 to 430 Mbit/s down.[3]260,000
signed up in the first month and the goal is 10% of phones on 5G by the end of 2019.[4]

Verizon opened service on a very limited number of base stations in the US cities of Chicago and
Minneapolis using 400 MHz of 28 GHz millimeter wave spectrum. Download speeds in Chicago were
from 80 to 900 Mbps. Upload speeds were from 12 to 57 Mbit/s. Ping was 25 milliseconds.[5] It was
reported in May 2019 that Verizon's 5G service would regularly hit 1 Gbps in some locations. [6][7]

Five companies sell 5G radio hardware and 5G systems for carriers: Huawei, ZTE, Nokia, Samsung,
and Ericsson.

5G networks are digital cellular networks, in which the service area covered by providers is divided into
a mosaic of small geographical areas called cells.Analog signals representing sounds and images are
digitized in the phone, converted by an analog to digital converter and transmitted as a stream of bits.
All the 5G wireless devices in a cell communicate by radio waves with a local antenna array and low
power automated transceiver (transmitter and receiver) in the cell, over frequency channels assigned by
the transceiver from a common pool of frequencies, which are reused in geographically separated cells.
The local antennas are connected with the telephone network and the Internet by a high
bandwidth optical fiber or wireless backhaul connection. Like existing cellphones, when a user crosses
from one cell to another, their mobile device is automatically "handed off" seamlessly to the antenna in
the new cell.
There are plans to use millimeter waves for 5G.[14]Millimeter waves have shorter range
than microwaves, therefore the cells are limited to smaller size; The waves also have trouble passing
through building walls.[15] Millimeter wave antennas are smaller than the large antennas used in
previous cellular networks. They are only a few inches (several centimeters) long. Another technique
used for increasing the data rate is massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output).[15] Each cell will
have multiple antennas communicating with the wireless device, received by multiple antennas in the
device, thus multiple bitstreams of data will be transmitted simultaneously, in parallel. In a technique
called beamforming the base station computer will continuously calculate the best route for radio waves
to reach each wireless device, and will organize multiple antennas to work together as phased arraysto
create beams of millimeter waves to reach the device.[15][16]

The new 5G wireless devices also have 4G LTE capability, as the new networks use 4G for initially
establishing the connection with the cell, as well as in locations where 5G access is not available.[17]

5G can support up to a million devices per square kilometer, while 4G supports only 4000 devices per
square kilometer.[18]

Usage scenarioEdit

The ITU-R has defined three main types of uses that the capability of 5G is expected to enable. They are
Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC), and Massive
Machine Type Communications (mMTC).[19]Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) refers to using 5G as
an evolution to 4G LTE mobile broadbandservices with faster connections, higher throughput, and more
capacity. Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC) refer to using the network for mission
critical applications that requires uninterrupted and robust data exchange. Massive Machine-Type
Communications (mMTC) refers to the type of usage that connect to large number of low power, low
cost devices in a wide area which have high requirements on scalability and increased battery lifetime.
Neither URLLC nor mMTC are expected to be deployed widely before 2021.

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