REF Output

5.3 TRANSIENT LOADING

Geometrical Data of the wall

18.30 m Length of part 1

73.0° Angle of part 1 to the North
23.42 m Length of part 2
-17.0° Angle of part 2 to the North
0.00 m Length of part 3
0.0° Angle of part 3 to the North
1.20 m Height of the wall (external)
1.20 m Height of the wall (internal)
163.0° Part 1 - Perpendicular wind internal(angle to the North)
343.0° Part 1 - Perpendicular wind external (angle to the North)
73.0° Part 2 - Perpendicular wind internal(angle to the North)
253.0° Part 2 - Perpendicular wind external (angle to the North)
90.0° Part 3 - Perpendicular wind internal(angle to the North)
270.0° Part 3 - Perpendicular wind external (angle to the North)
NA to BS EN 0.82 Part 1 - Perpendicular wind internal - Cdir
1991-1.4 NA.2.6
0.80 Part 1 - Perpendicular wind external - Cdir
0.73 Part 2 - Perpendicular wind internal- Cdir
1.00 Part 2 - Perpendicular wind external - Cdir
0.74 Part 3 - Perpendicular wind internal- Cdir
0.99 Part 3 - Perpendicular wind external - Cdir

BS EN 1991-1.4 5.3.1 WIND LOADING

and
NA to BS EN
1991-1.4
Basic wind velocity
Fig - NA.1 Fundamental basic wind velocity (without Vb,map = 23 m/s
altitude correction)
 Altitude of the site A = 40 m
Eq NA.2a Altitude factor Calt = 1 + 0.001A
= 1 + 0.001 x 40
= 1.04

Fundamental basic wind velocity Vb,0 = Vb,mapCalt

= 23 x 1.04
= 23.92 m/s

Table NA.2 Season factor Cseason = 1.00

CL NA 2.8 Shape factor K = 0.20
Cl NA 2.8 Exponenet n = 0.5
Requirement Design Life = 120
Probability for an annual exceedence p = 0.01

1-K x ln(-ln(1-p)) 0.5

Probablity factor Cprob =
1-K x ln(-ln(0.98))

1 - 0.2 x ln(-ln(1- 0.01 )) 0.5

=
1 - 0.2 x ln(-ln( 0.98 ))
= 1.05

Eq 4.1 Basic wind velocity Vb = Cdir x Cseason x Cprob x Vb,0

20.6 m/s Part 1 - Perpendicular wind internal - Basic wind velocity

20.1 m/s Part 1 - Perpendicular wind external - Basic wind velocity
18.4 m/s Part 2 - Perpendicular wind internal - Basic wind velocity
25.0 m/s Part 2 - Perpendicular wind external - Basic wind velocity
18.6 m/s Part 3 - Perpendicular wind internal - Basic wind velocity
24.8 m/s Part 3 - Perpendicular wind external - Basic wind velocity

Basic velocity pressure

Cl NA 2.18 Unit weight of air ρ = 1.226 kg/mᶟ

Eq 4.10 Basic velocity pressure qb = 0.5 x ρ x vb2

2
260 N/m² Part 1 - Perpendicular wind internal - Basic velocity pressure
248 N/m² Part 1 - Perpendicular wind external - Basic velocity pressure
208 N/m² Part 2 - Perpendicular wind internal - Basic velocity pressure
382 N/m² Part 2 - Perpendicular wind external - Basic velocity pressure
211 N/m² Part 3 - Perpendicular wind internal - Basic velocity pressure
378 N/m² Part 3 - Perpendicular wind external - Basic velocity pressure
Cl NA 2.11 Terrain category = Country

Reference height for wind = 6.80 m

Eq A.15 Displacement Height hdis = 0.00 m

Distance upwind to shoreline = 15.00 km

Exposure factor

Exposure factor ce(z) = 1.85

Exposure correction factor ce,T(z) = 0.75

Orography factor

Assuming orography is not significant

Peak velocity pressure

Eq NA. 3b Peak velocity pressure qp = ce(z) x ce,T x qb

= 1.9 x 0.75

361 N/m² Part 1 - Perpendicular wind internal - Pear velocity pressure

345 N/m² Part 1 - Perpendicular wind external - Pear velocity pressure
288 N/m² Part 2 - Perpendicular wind internal - Pear velocity pressure
530 N/m² Part 2 - Perpendicular wind external - Pear velocity pressure
293 N/m² Part 3 - Perpendicular wind internal - Pear velocity pressure
524 N/m² Part 3 - Perpendicular wind external - Pear velocity pressure

Pressure coefficients cp,net

EC1-1-4 § 7.4.1 The solicity ratio φ is taken as:

φ = 1.00

The legth to heigh ratios (l/h) are calculated as follows:

External Internal End 1 End 2

Part 1 15.25 15.25 With return corners With return corners
Part 2 19.52 19.52 With return corners With return corners
Part 3 0.00 0.00 With return corners Without return corners

EC1-1-4 § From linear interpolation at EN 1991-4 Table 7.9 the following coefficients are
Table 7.9 obtained:

External Wind

End 1 End 2
A B C D D C B A
Part 1 2.10 1.80 1.40 1.20 1.20 1.40 1.80 2.10
Part 2 2.10 1.80 1.40 1.20 1.20 1.40 1.80 2.10
Part 3 2.10 1.80 1.40 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.40 2.30
 Internal Wind

End 1 End 2
A B C D D C B A
Part 1 2.10 1.80 1.40 1.20 1.20 1.40 1.80 2.10
Part 2 2.10 1.80 1.40 1.20 1.20 1.40 1.80 2.10
Part 3 2.10 1.80 1.40 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.40 2.30

EC1-1-4 § Each of the wall segments are divided in segments as follows

Figure 7.19
Extenal Wind

End 1 End 2
A B C D D C B A
Part 1 0.4 m 2.4 m 4.8 m 1.6 m 1.6 m 4.8 m 2.4 m 0.4 m
Part 2 0.4 m 2.4 m 4.8 m 4.1 m 4.1 m 4.8 m 2.4 m 0.4 m
Part 3 0.4 m -0.4 m 0.0 m 0.0 m 0.0 m 0.0 m -0.4 m 0.4 m
END 1

END 2

END 1

END 2
END 1

END 2
A B B A A B C C B A A B B A

Internal Wind

End 1 End 2
A B C D D C B A
Part 1 0.4 m 2.4 m 4.8 m 1.6 m 1.6 m 4.8 m 2.4 m 0.4 m
Part 2 0.4 m 2.4 m 4.8 m 4.1 m 4.1 m 4.8 m 2.4 m 0.4 m
Part 3 0.4 m -0.4 m 0.0 m 0.0 m 0.0 m 0.0 m -0.4 m 0.4 m

EC1-1-4 § 5.2 Wind pressure on surfaces cp,net

External Wind

End 1 End 2
A B C D D C B A
Part 1 724 Pa 620 Pa 482 Pa 413 Pa 413 Pa 482 Pa 620 Pa 724 Pa

Part 2 1113 Pa 954 Pa 742 Pa 636 Pa 636 Pa 742 Pa 954 Pa 1113 Pa

Part 3 1101 Pa 944 Pa 0 Pa 0 Pa 0 Pa 0 Pa 734 Pa 1206 Pa

Internal Wind

End 1 End 2
A B C D D C B A
Part 1 758 Pa 650 Pa 506 Pa 433 Pa 433 Pa 506 Pa 650 Pa 758 Pa

Part 2 606 Pa 519 Pa 404 Pa 346 Pa 346 Pa 404 Pa 519 Pa 606 Pa

Part 3 615 Pa 527 Pa 0 Pa 0 Pa 0 Pa 0 Pa 410 Pa 674 Pa

EC1-1-4 § 6 Structural Factor cscd

Size factor cs

C Zone

19.5 m Part 1 - external wind - b+h with height z - hdis = 1.20 m

19.5 m Part 1 - Internal wind - b+h with hight z - hdis = 1.20 m
24.6 m Part 2 - external wind - b+h with hight z - hdis = 1.20 m
24.6 m Part 2 - Internal wind - b+h with hight z - hdis = 1.20 m
1.2 m Part 3 - external wind - b+h with hight z - hdis = 1.20 m
1.2 m Part 3 - Intenral wind - b+h with hight z - hdis = 1.20 m

NA to EC1-1-4 § From linear interpolation between the values of NA to BS EN 1991-1-4

Table NA.3 Table NA.3 the following size factors are obtained:

0.84 Part 1 - External wind - cs factor

0.84 Part 1 - Internal wind - cs factor
0.83 Part 2 - External wind - cs factor
0.83 Part 2 - Internal wind - cs factor
1.00 Part 2 - External wind - cs factor
1.00 Part 3 - Internal wind - cs factor

NA to EC1-1-4 § Dynamic factor cd

Figure NA.9
In absence of more accurate data the damping of the structure is taken as
δ = 0.05. This value is a bit lower that the low boundary for the timber bridges.

The dynamic factor, obtained from NA to BS EN 1991-1-4 Figure NA.9 is

1.03 Part 1 - External wind - cd factor for h/b = l/b = 0.07

1.03 Part 1 - Internal wind - cd factor for h/b = l/b = 0.07
1.03 Part 2 - External wind - cd factor for h/b = l/b = 0.05
1.03 Part 2 - Internal wind - cd factor for h/b = l/b = 0.05
1.06 Part 2 - External wind - cd factor for h/b = l/b = #DIV/0!
1.03 Part 3 - Internal wind - cd factor for h/b = l/b = #DIV/0!

The final structural factor is calculated as follows:

0.87 Part 1 - External wind - cscd factor

0.86 Part 1 - Internal wind - cscd factor
0.85 Part 2 - External wind - cscd factor
0.85 Part 2 - Internal wind - cscd factor
1.06 Part 2 - External wind - cscd factor
1.03 Part 3 - Internal wind - cscd factor
EC1-1-4 § 5.3(3) Wind pressure on surfaces modified by the structural factor

External Wind

End 1 End 2
A B C D D C B A
Part 1 628 Pa 538 Pa 418 Pa 359 Pa 359 Pa 418 Pa 538 Pa 628 Pa

Part 2 947 Pa 812 Pa 632 Pa 541 Pa 541 Pa 632 Pa 812 Pa 947 Pa

Part 3 1161 Pa 995 Pa 0 Pa 0 Pa 0 Pa 0 Pa 774 Pa 1272 Pa

Internal Wind

End 1 End 2
A B C D D C B A
Part 1 654 Pa 561 Pa 436 Pa 374 Pa 374 Pa 436 Pa 561 Pa 654 Pa

Part 2 515 Pa 442 Pa 344 Pa 294 Pa 294 Pa 344 Pa 442 Pa 515 Pa

Part 3 633 Pa 543 Pa 0 Pa 0 Pa 0 Pa 0 Pa 422 Pa 694 Pa

EC1-1-4 § 5.3(3) Wind forces on surfaces (given per meter length)

External Wind

End 1 End 2
A B C D D C B A
Part 1 0.8 kN/m 0.6 kN/m 0.5 kN/m 0.4 kN/m 0.4 kN/m 0.5 kN/m 0.6 kN/m 0.8 kN/m

Part 2 1.1 kN/m 1.0 kN/m 0.8 kN/m 0.6 kN/m 0.6 kN/m 0.8 kN/m 1.0 kN/m 1.1 kN/m

Part 3 1.4 kN/m 1.2 kN/m 0.0 kN/m 0.0 kN/m 0.0 kN/m 0.0 kN/m 0.9 kN/m 1.5 kN/m

Internal Wind

End 1 End 2
A B C D D C B A
Part 1 0.8 kN/m 0.7 kN/m 0.5 kN/m 0.4 kN/m 0.4 kN/m 0.5 kN/m 0.7 kN/m 0.8 kN/m

Part 2 0.6 kN/m 0.5 kN/m 0.4 kN/m 0.4 kN/m 0.4 kN/m 0.4 kN/m 0.5 kN/m 0.6 kN/m

Part 3 0.8 kN/m 0.7 kN/m 0.0 kN/m 0.0 kN/m 0.0 kN/m 0.0 kN/m 0.5 kN/m 0.8 kN/m

Moments to the base

1.70 m Distance from the center of wind load to the foundation level
for external wind

3.50 m Distance from the center of wind load to the foundation level
for external wind

External Wind

End 1 End 2
A B C D D C B A
Part 1 1.3 kNm/m 1.1 kNm/m 0.9 kNm/m 0.7 kNm/m 0.7 kNm/m 0.9 kNm/m 1.1 kNm/m 1.3 kNm/m

Part 2 1.9 kNm/m 1.7 kNm/m 1.3 kNm/m 1.1 kNm/m 1.1 kNm/m 1.3 kNm/m 1.7 kNm/m 1.9 kNm/m

Part 3 2.4 kNm/m 2.0 kNm/m 0.0 kNm/m 0.0 kNm/m 0.0 kNm/m 0.0 kNm/m 1.6 kNm/m 2.6 kNm/m
Internal Wind

End 1 End 2
A B C D D C B A
Part 1 2.7 kNm/m 2.4 kNm/m 1.8 kNm/m 1.6 kNm/m 1.6 kNm/m 1.8 kNm/m 2.4 kNm/m 2.7 kNm/m

Part 2 2.2 kNm/m 1.9 kNm/m 1.4 kNm/m 1.2 kNm/m 1.2 kNm/m 1.4 kNm/m 1.9 kNm/m 2.2 kNm/m

Part 3 2.7 kNm/m 2.3 kNm/m 0.0 kNm/m 0.0 kNm/m 0.0 kNm/m 0.0 kNm/m 1.8 kNm/m 2.9 kNm/m
Client C T
Highways Agency Sheet No of

Project Job No
Contract R165
Date 06/10
Subject Calc by ET
Welding Check
Check by
Source/ref
Bearing Stiffner @ Column 2

5 y 6

571 150
4.2

4 15
x x
3
4.2 4.2 34.3
4.2
12.5
1 2
About x-x

Section b d A y Ay bd3/12 A(Yx-y)2

1 4.2 150 630 75 47250 1.18E+06 9.22E+06
2 4.2 150 630 75 47250 1.18E+06 9.22E+06
3 2284 4.2 9592.8 186 1788098 1.41E+04 8.84E+05
4 2284 4.2 9592.8 206 1972280 1.41E+04 8.84E+05
5 4.2 150 630 317 199710 1.18E+06 9.22E+06
6 4.2 150 630 317 199710 1.18E+06 9.22E+06
21705.6 4254298 4.75E+06 3.87E+07

Yx = 196 mm
Ixx = 4.34E+07 mm4

About y-y

Section b d A y Ay bd3/12 A(Yx-y)2

1 150 4.2 630 556 350532 9.26E+02 1.34E+05
2 150 4.2 630 586 368928 9.26E+02 1.34E+05
3 4.2 2284 9592.8 571 5477489 4.17E+09 0.00E+00
4 4.2 2284 9592.8 571 5477489 4.17E+09 0.00E+00
5 150 4.2 630 556 350532 9.26E+02 1.34E+05
6 150 4.2 630 586 368928 9.26E+02 1.34E+05
21705.6 1.2E+07 8.34E+09 5.37E+05

Yy = 571 mm
Iyy = 8.34E+09 mm4
Client C T
Highways Agency Sheet No of

Project Job No
Contract R165
Date 06/10
Subject Calc by ET
Welding Check
Check by

stress du to Mx-x
y

sPT

11.7
x x

stress du to My-y

571

3/ 14.6.3.11.3 -Weld Subject t forces in both transverse and longitudinal directions

1 x [ PL2+PT2/K2 ] 0.5 ≤ sw
g 3 gm gf3
0.5

where
1 x [ PL2+PT2/K2 ] 0.5 = [ sL2+sPT2/K2 ] 0.5
g
sy= 345 N/mm2
sPT = P / A + Mx * / Zxx + My / Zyy R max = 1072 kN
sPL = Err:509 N/mm2
sPT = 55 N/mm2 ex = 24 mm Longitudinal and
ey = 12 mm transverse e from
temperature calcs

k = (3/(1+2.Cos2q))0.5 but not greater than 1.4

q = angle between resultant transverse force and throat = 45 degrees

\K= 1.225

[ sL2+sPT2/K2 ]0.5 = ### N/mm2

sw = 1/2(sy + 455)

sw = 400 N/mm2

sw / 30.5 gm gf3 = 175 N/mm2### ### N/mm2 \ its ok

UF= ###
Client C T
Highways Agency Sheet No of

Project Job No
Contract R159- Bent 14/9
Date 11/10
Subject Calc by ET
Welding Check
Check by
Source/ref
Bearing Stiffener Welding @ Column 2

240 150 y 150 240

9 10 5 6 140
7.1

4 15
x x
3
7.1 22.9
7.1
7.1 7.1
7 8 1 2
About x-x 20 20

Section b d A y Ay bd3/12 A(Yx-y)2

1 7.1 140 994 70 69580 1.62E+06 1.15E+07
2 7.1 140 994 70 69580 1.62E+06 1.15E+07
3 960 7.1 6816 166 1134523 2.86E+04 8.32E+05
4 960 7.1 6816 189 1285157 2.86E+04 8.32E+05
5 7.1 140 994 285 283290 1.62E+06 1.15E+07
6 7.1 140 994 285 283290 1.62E+06 1.15E+07
7 7.1 140 994 70 69580 1.62E+06 1.15E+07
8 7.1 140 994 70 69580 1.62E+06 1.15E+07
9 7.1 140 994 285 283290 1.62E+06 1.15E+07
10 7.1 140 994 285 283290 1.62E+06 1.15E+07
21584 3831160 1.30E+07 9.36E+07

Yx = 178 mm
Ixx = 1.07E+08 mm4

About y-y

Section b d A y Ay bd3/12 A(Yx-y)2

1 140 7.1 994 526 523291 4.18E+03 1.85E+07
2 140 7.1 994 554 550229 4.18E+03 2.66E+07
3 7.1 960 6816 390 2658240 5.23E+08 0.00E+00
4 7.1 960 6816 390 2658240 5.23E+08 0.00E+00
5 140 7.1 994 526 523291 4.18E+03 1.85E+07
6 140 7.1 994 554 550229 4.18E+03 2.66E+07
7 140 7.1 994 226 225091 4.18E+03 2.66E+07
8 140 7.1 994 254 252029 4.18E+03 1.85E+07
9 140 7.1 994 226 225091 4.18E+03 2.66E+07
10 140 7.1 994 254 252029 4.18E+03 1.85E+07
21584 8417760 1.05E+09 1.80E+08

Yy = 390 mm
Iyy = 1.23E+09 mm4
Client C T
Highways Agency Sheet No of

Project Job No
Contract R159- Bent 14/9
Date 11/10
Subject Calc by ET
Welding Check
Check by

stress du to Mx-x
y

sPT

14.6
x x

stress du to My-y

390

3/ 14.6.3.11.3 -Weld Subject t forces in both transverse and longitudinal directions

1 x [ PL2+PT2/K2 ] 0.5 ≤ sw
g 3 gm gf3
0.5

where
1 x [ PL2+PT2/K2 ] 0.5 = [ sL2+sPT2/K2 ] 0.5
g
sy= 345 N/mm2
sPT = P / A + Mx * / Zxx + My / Zyy R max = 3012 kN
sPL = Err:509 N/mm2
sPT = 167 N/mm2 ex = 24 mm Longitudinal and
ey = 12 mm transverse e from
temperature calcs

k = (3/(1+2.Cos2q))0.5 but not greater than 1.4

q = angle between resultant transverse force and throat = 45 degrees

\K= 1.225

[ sL2+sPT2/K2 ]0.5 = Err:509 N/mm2

sw = 1/2(sy + 455)

sw = 400 N/mm2

sw / 30.5 gm gf3 = 175 N/mm2### ### N/mm2 \ its ok

UF= ###