Diesel Emissions and Their Control

List of Chapters:

Preface Chapter 4 – Diesel Fuel Injection

4.1 Introduction
Part I – Diesel Engine Basics 4.2 Purposes of the Fuel Injection System
4.3 Types of Diesel Fuel Injection Systems
Chapter 1 – The Case for the Diesel Engine
4.4 The Pump-Line-Nozzle System
1.1 Introduction
4.5 The Unit Injector System
1.2 What Is a Diesel Engine?
4.6 The Common-Rail Injection System
1.3 Types of Diesel Internal Combustion Engines
4.7 More on P-L-N Systems
1.4 Energy Conservation and the Diesel Engine
4.8 Modernizing the Diesel Fuel Injection System
1.5 What Are the Advantages of Diesel Engines?
4.9 Modernizing the Pump-Line-Nozzle System
References
4.10 Modernizing the Unit Injector System
Chapter 2 – Engine Fundamental and 4.11 Electronically Controlled Common-Rail System
Design Parameters 4.12 Components of an Electronically Controlled
Injection System
2.1 Introduction
4.13 Innovative Injection Systems
2.2 Heat Engines
4.14 Conclusion
2.3 Operation of Reciprocating Internal Combustion Diesel
Engines References
2.4 Assessment of Engine Performance
Chapter 5 – Combustion in Diesel Engines
2.5 The First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics
5.1 Introduction
2.6 Mass Conservation in Combustion Thermodynamics
5.2 Components of the Combustion Process
2.7 Stoichiometric Ratio in Diesel Combustion
5.3 Fuel and Air Distribution in the Fuel Spray of a DI Diesel
2.8 Additional Performance Parameters and Their Definition
5.4 Heat Release Rates in DI Engines
2.9 Performance Curves
5.5 Additional Details of Spray Formation
References
5.6 The Three Phases of Diesel Combustion
Chapter 3 – Air Induction for Diesel Engines References
3.1 Introduction
Chapter 6 – Emissions Formation in
3.2 Methods of Charge Air Boosting
Diesel Engines
3.3 Types of Superchargers
6.1 Emission Formation in Diesel Engines
3.4 Turbochargers
6.2 Formation of Hydrocarbons in Diesel Engines
3.5 Types of Turbochargers
6.3 Formation of Carbon Monoxide in Diesel Engines
3.6 Supercharger-Aided Turbochargers
6.4 Formation of Nitrogen Oxides in Diesel Engines
3.7 Compressor or Turbine A/R Ratio
6.5 Formation of Particulate Matter in Diesel Engines
3.8 Practical Embodiment
6.6 Smoke in Diesel Engines
3.9 Sequential Turbocharging
References
3.10 Turbocompounding
3.11 Wave Supercharging
References
Part II – Diesel Emissions Chapter 12 – Alternative Diesel Fuels
12.1 Overview of Alternative Diesel Fuels
Chapter 7 – Characterization of Emissions 12.2 Synthetic Diesel Fuel
7.1 What Are Diesel Emissions? 12.3 Biodiesel
7.2 Gaseous Emissions 12.4 Dimethyl Ether
7.3 Diesel Particulate Matter 12.5 Natural Gas
7.4 Diesel Exhaust Particle Size References
References
Part IV – Emission Control through Engine Design
Chapter 8 – Health and Environmental
Effects Chapter 13 – Steps Toward the Modern
8.1 Overview Diesel Engine
8.2 Diesel Emission Inventory 13.1 Introduction
8.3 Exposure to Diesel Exhaust 13.2 Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides
8.4 Health Effects of Gas Phase Components 13.3 Reduction of Particulate Matter
8.5 Health Effects of Diesel Particulates References
8.6 Environmental Effects of Emissions
References Chapter 14 – Emerging Technologies and the
Modern Diesel Engine
Chapter 9 – Measurement of Emissions 14.1 Introduction
9.1 Overview 14.2 A Platform for Future Heavy-Duty Diesels
9.2 Gas-Phase Measurements 14.3 Platform for Future Light-Duty Passenger Car Diesels
9.3 Particulate Matter Measurements 14.4 Platform for Future Light-Duty Truck Diesels
9.4 Measurement of Ambient Diesel Aerosol 14.5 Technology Options for Modernizing Diesels
References 14.6 Fuel Injection System Technology Options
14.7 Combustion System Technology Options
Chapter 10 – Emission Regulations 14.8 Air Charging System Technology Options
10.1 Historical Background 14.9 Air Induction System Technology Options
10.2 Types of Emission Regulations 14.10 Variable Valve Actuation Technology Options
10.3 Emission Test Cycles 14.11 Combined Charge Air and Variable Valve Actuation
10.4 Selected Diesel Emission Standards Technology Options
10.5 Selected Diesel-Related Occupational Health Regulations 14.12 New Combustion Technology Option
References 14.13 Engine Accessories and Subsystem Component Technology
Options
Part III – Diesel Fuels 14.14 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 11 – Petroleum Diesel Fuel
11.1 What Is Diesel Fuel? Chapter 15 – Water Addition to
11.2 Fuel Properties and Emissions Diesel Combustion
References 15.1 Addition of Water to Diesel Process
15.2 Fumigation of Water into Intake Air
15.3 Direct Injection of Water
15.4 Fuel Emulsions
15.5 Practical Embodiments
References
Chapter 16 – Exhaust Gas Recirculation in Chapter 19 – Diesel Catalysts
Diesel Engines 19.1 Overview
16.1 Introduction 19.2 Diesel Oxidation Catalyst
16.2 Definition 19.3 Selective Catalytic Reduction
16.3 EGR Configurations 19.4 Lean NOx Catalyst
16.4 System Components 19.5 NOx Adsorbers
16.5 EGR Cooling and EGR Coolers 19.6 Commercial Catalyst Technologies
16.6 EGR Control Strategy 19.7 Deactivation of Diesel Catalyst
16.7 Effects of EGR on Combustion Parameters and Emissions References
16.8 Effect of EGR on Diesel Engine Wear and Durability
16.9 Alternative In-Cylinder Technologies to EGR for low NOX Chapter 20 – Diesel Particulate Filters
in Diesel Engines: A Review 20.1 Introduction
16.10 Effect of Intake Charge Air Cooling 20.2 Principle of Operation
16.11 Effect of Injection Timing Retard 20.3 DPF Performance
16.12 Issues Related to EGR Control Systems 20.4 Commercial Status
16.13 Demonstration of Low NOx and PM Using EGR and a 20.5 Diesel Filter Regeneration
Passive Trap System References
References
Chapter 21 – Diesel Filter Materials
Chapter 17 – Controls for Modern 21.1 Overview
Diesel Engines
21.2 Wall-Flow Monoliths
17.1 Introduction
21.3 Ceramic Fibers and Cartridges
17.2 Background
References
17.3 Basic Operating Principles of the Control System
17.4 Variation in Closed-Loop Control Systems Chapter 22 – Diesel Filter Systems
17.5 Variation in Open-Loop Control Systems 22.1 Overview
17.6 The New Principle in Control Systems—A Model-Based 22.2 Catalyzed Diesel Filters
Approach
22.3 CRT Filter
17.7 Challenges in Engine Control Systems
22.4 Filters with Fuel Additives
17.8 Neural Networks
22.5 Electrically Regenerated Filters
17.9 Conclusion
22.6 Filters with Fuel Burners
References
22.7 Microwave-Regenerated Filters
References
Part V – Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment

Chapter 18 – Emission Control Catalysts Chapter 23 – Plasma Exhaust Treatment

23.1 Introduction
18.1 Overview
23.2 Nonthermal Plasma
18.2 Catalyst Fundamentals
23.3 Chemical Reactions
18.3 Cellular Monolith Substrates
23.4 Plasma Catalysts
18.4 Ceramic Catalyst Substrates
23.5 Particulate Matter Control by Plasma
18.5 Metallic Catalyst Substrates
23.6 Future Issues
18.6 Catalytic Coating and Materials
References
18.7 Catalytic Converters
Index
References