Bataan Montessori School, Inc.

Maluya Cor. A Banzon St., Central, Balanga City, Bataan 2100

Contemporary Issues Report

Group ___

S.Y. 2018 – 2019

Mark Jefferson A. David

Jeanne Alleah D. Laylo

Karl Christian V. Pineda

Teacher Val
 Chapter 13: Philippine Education

I. Introduction

Education is certainly a powerful too. It can help anyone liberate

themselves from social, economic, and political injustice. It can bring
change cognitive, effective, and psychomotor skills of students, which will
lead them to become informed citizens equipped with tools for survival.

However, education is still a dream for a great number of the population

in the Philippines. Article XIV Section 1 of the 1987 Constitution indicates
that, “The State shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality
education at all levels, and shall take appropriate steps to make such
education accessible to all.”

The aim of education is to develop the so-called twenty-first century

skills under the K-12 program. It is a challenging rough ride dude to
poverty and other problems, such as the low passing rate of board exam
takers for teachers, government allotment for education, and teacher’s
salaries, as well as insufficient professional trainings.

II. Philippine Education

A.) Background and History

1.) Pre-Spanish Period
 Informal & Unstructured
 Parents were the ones providing knowledge
 Passed through oral & vocational training
2.) Spanish Period
 Schools were mainly for Spanish youth
 Filipino children attended parochial schools
 Indoctrination on Christianity, with mostly the religious teaching
the students
 Education Decree of 1863 – obliged children aged 7 to 12 to attend
school under the supervision of the local government.

3.) American Period

 Teachers were initially American soldiers
 On January 20, 1899, the Schurman Commission – was created
and a free public school system was implemented
 English became the medium of language and trained teachers were
sent to the Philippines.
 On January 21, 1901, Act No. 74 – paved the way for a centralized
public school system.
 Aim of education was to train the Filipinos in a democratic way of
life, and teach them citizenship, moral character, the fundamentals
of vocational education, and preparation for self-government.

4.) Japanese Period

 Order No. 2 – stated the basic principles of education under the
Japanese period.
 Use of English was abolished, replaced by Nihongo
 Emphasis on vocational education and dignity if manual labor

5.) Commonwealth Period

 The enactment of a constitution by the Constitutional Convention
in 1935 stated a new system of education – The govt. was tasked to
establish and maintain a complete and adequate system of public
education, also to provide free and public primary instruction
 Child must be 7 years old to study for the first level in a school.
There were 7 years to complete elementary, 4 years to complete
high school and at least 4 years for an academic degree
 Schools were run either by the government or by private
institutions.
B.) Purpose of Education
1.) Knowledge Acquisition
- To provide the foundation for structured learning
- Given experiences using varied learning tools, materials & methods

2.) Skills Development

- To discover student’s skills, potentials, and talents
- The school serves as a place to discover and hone a student’s skills and
talents

3.) Values Formation

-The Ultimate Goal of Education
- Formed by learning the values rooted or taught in subjects and set of
values the school promotes

4.) Socialization
- Provide an extension of family environment (second home)
- Formed by interacting and making relations w/ other people

5.) Life Preparation

- To become independent and competent for future jobs
- Prepares students to handle responsibilities

C.) Access and Budget on Education

- The capital of the country depends on the quality of its citizens who are
products of their education. The Philippines needs to provide positive
change in society and the economy.

- Article XIV Section 1 – the 1987 Constitution guarantees the protection

and promotion of the right of all citizens to qualify education at all levels.
It also stated that the state will take appropriate steps to make education
accessible to all. But despite of the increase in the budget allotment for
education, the country still faces difficulties in making education
accessible to all.
 - Consistent growth in the enrolment of students for both private and
public schools has led the government to allot a higher budget each year
for education. The increase in budget of the DepEd for years is for the
introduction and implementation of the K to 12 program.

III. Issues and Challenges

A.) Implementation of the K-12 Program

Under K to 12 Program

Grade Level Age Duration

Kindergarten 5 1 year

Elementary 6 years

Junior High school 4 years

Senior High School 16 2 years

The rationale of the K-12 program is to basically align the curriculum

of the Philippines with those of other countries all over the world so we can
compete globally.

 Salient Features of the K-12 Program

1.) Strengthen early childhood education through universal kindergarten
2.) Make the curriculum relevant to learners by contextualization
3.) Ensure integrated and seamless learning through spiral progression
4.) Build proficiency through language by using mother tongue
5.) Gear up the future of the Senior High School
6.) Nurture the holistically developed Filipino through college and
livelihood readiness
 Senior High School Program
- The Senior High School program is the last two years of the K-12
Program.
- Has eight learning areas that are part of the core curriculum
- Similar to the general education program in college
- 8 Learning areas
 Language, Mathematics, Science, Communication, Philosophy,
Humanities, Social Science, and Physical Education and Health.
- SHS Tracks/Strands
 STEM, HUMSS, ABM, GAS (Academic Track)

The K-12 Program and the Quality of Education

- Former President Benigno S. Aquino III said that “Fixing the country’s
long-term problem could be solved by fixing the education problem.
- The additional 2 years will make the education in the country competitive
in terms of the number of years. Will make Filipino college graduates
more employable.

 Challenges of the K-12 Program and Why People Oppose it

1.) Financially Difficult
2.) College Diploma is still the priority of most families
3.) Graduates of K-12 are not yet employable in terms of age
4.) Problem on Government budget
5.) The alignment of curricular offerings
6.) Proper training of teachers in Junior and Senior High School
7.) Quality textbooks for basic education
8.) Lack of facilities

B.) Professionalization of the Teaching Profession

Teacher Education is one of the most popular courses among college
students. The LET result for the last two years are good examples of how the
education system, particularly in the training of would-be teachers, needs to
be overhauled.
- 1994 Republic Act No. 7836 -
Aims to strengthen the regulation and supervision of the practice of teaching
in the Philippines.
C.) Teacher Salary and Compensation
The Philippines as a developing country is known for cheap labor and
low wage.

- XIV Section 5 paragraph 5 of the 1987 –

“The State shall assign the highest budgetary priority to education and
ensure that teaching will attract and retain its rightful share of the best
available talents through adequate remuneration and other means of job
satisfaction and fulfillment.”

- RA 4670 –
The Magna Carta for Public School Teachers which aims to protect and
improve the socioeconomic condition of public school teachers.

 Some Benefits of Teachers

Public school teachers receive benefits, which make their overall
income as teachers competitive or even higher than those received by private
school teachers
1.) Personal Economic Relief Allowance (PERA)
-PHP 2000/Month
2.) Uniform and clothing allowance
3.) Enhanced Performance-Based Bonus (PBB)
-One to Two months’ equivalent basic salary. The benefit is based on the
performance achievement of the agency and the local government unit
which was implemented in 2017
4.) Mid-Year Bonus
-Teachers who performed four months with satisfactory service receive one-
month basic salary.
5.) Year-End Bonus
-Given every November, equivalent to one-month basic salary
6.) Productivity Enhancement Incentive (PEI)
-equivalent to PHP 5000 given to public school teachers in order to improve
productivity
D.) Ranking of Philippine Schools
University rankings are done based on several indicators used by a
particular agency. By ranking universities, we are able to benchmark the
quality of education that we offer.

Rank 70 – University of the Philippines

Rank 99 – Ateneo De Manila University
Rank 143 – De La Salle University
Rank 157 – University of Santo Tomas