TÉCNICO UNIVERSITARIO EN TRADUCCIÓN

Español e Inglés

Irregular Verbs
Present Past P. Participle Traducción

abide abode abiden sufrir, soportar, cumplir

(abáid) (abóud) (abíden) I cannot abide by her constant unpunctuality.

arise arose arisen levantarse, surgir

(aráis) (aróus) (arísen) Problems always arise during such protests for human rights.

awake awoke awoken despertarse, despertar

(awéik) (awóuk) (awóuken) I awoke in the middle of the night when I heard the noise.

bear bore born aguantar, soportar, parir

(béar) (bor) (born) I can’t bear this suspense anymore! Tell me your secret!

beat beat beaten golpear, derrotar, batir

(bíit) (bíit) (bíiten) Do you think you can beat Juan at chess?

become became become convertirse en, llegar a ser, volverse, ponerse

(bikám) (bikéim) (bikám) My son wants to become a doctor when he grows up.

begin began begun empezar

(biguín) (bigáan) (bigán) The alphabet begins with the letter “a”.

bend bent bent doblar, torcer, inclinarse

(bend) (bent) (bent) The river bends just beyond that tree.

bet bet bet apostar

(bet) (bet) (bet) I’ll bet she’s going to want to buy that pair of shoes.

bid bid bid ofrecer, pujar, licitar

(bid) (bid) (bid) What would you bid for this nice antique clock?

bind bound bound atar, unir, encuadernar

(báind) (báund) (báund) You can use this ribbon to bind the package.

bite bit bitten morder, picar

(báit) (bit) (bíten) When Carlos is nervous, he bites his pencil.

bleed bled bled sangrar

(blíid) (bled) (bled) The boxer had a black eye and his nose was bleeding.

blow blew blown soplar

(blóu) (blú) (blown) The terrible windstorm blew all the trees down.

break broke broken romper

(bréik) (bróuk) (bróuken) Don’t say that to her. It’ll break her heart.

breed bred bred criar, engendrar

(bríid) (bred) (bred) He has a ranch in Mexico where he breeds horses.

bring brought brought traer

(bring) (brot) (brot) Astronauts brought back rocks from the moon.

broadcast broadcast* broadcast* transmitir

(brodkást) (brodkást) (brodkást) The soccer game will be broadcast live this afternoon.

build built built construir

(bild) (bilt) (bilt) The government plans to build new schools next year.

burn burnt* burnt* quemar

(bern) (bernt) (bernt) Susan burnt all the letters her boyfriend had written her.

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burst burst burst explotar, reventar
(berst) (berst) (berst) After hearing the sad news, she burst into tears.

buy bought bought comprar

(bái) (bot) (bot) The old lady was feeling lonely, so she bought a dog.

cast cast cast lanzar, echar, emitir

(kast) (kast) (kast) The tall building casts a shadow over the park.

catch caught caught atrapar, asir, tomar

(kach) (kot) (kot) The thief was caught in the act.

choose chose chosen elegir

(chúus) (chóus) (chóusen) Mr. Perez was chosen as executive director of the company.

clap clapt* clapt* aplaudir

(klap) (klapt) (klapt) After the lecture, the audience started clapping.

cling clung clung agarrarse, adherirse, aferrarse

(kling) (klang) (klang) We sometimes clink to silly superstitions.

clothe clad* clad* vestir, revestir, cubrir

(klóud) (klad) (klad) She was clad in an elegant silk dress.

come came come venir

(kam) (kéim) (kam) Tina usually comes to work by bus.

cost cost cost costar

(kost) (kost) (kost) His fiancée’s diamond ring cost a fortune.

creep crept crept gatear, arrastrarse

(kríip) (krept) (krept) The camper crept into his tent as the sun had set.

cut cut cut cortar

(kat) (kat) (kat) The hairdresser has cut Juanita’s hair quite short.

deal dealt dealt tratar con, repartir, dar

(díil) (delt) (delt) Fred started the game by dealing two cards to each player.

dig dug dug cavar

(dig) (dag) (dag) They’re digging for gold in this area.

dive dove* dived zambullirse, sumergirse, bucear

(dáiv) (dóuv) (dáivt) These folks dive for pearls as a means of living.

do did done hacer

(du) (did) (dan) The doctors did everything they could to save the patient.

draw drew drawn dibujar, extraer, sacar

(dróo) (dru) (dróon) Sara drew two thousand quetzals from her bank account.

dream dreamt* dreamt* soñar

(dríim) (dremt) (dremt) I dreamt about you last night.

drink drank drunk beber

(drink) (draank) (drank) Tracy drank way too much yesterday.

drive drove driven conducir, ir en coche, llevar en coche

(dráiv) (dróuv) (dríven) Could you drive me to the airport next Thursday?

dwell dwelt dwelt habitar, morar

(duél) (duélt) (duélt) They used to dwell in a small house on the other side of the mountain.

eat ate eaten comer

(íit) (éit) (íiten) Laura is a vegetarian so she doesn’t eat meat.

fall fell fallen caer, caerse

(fol) (fel) (fólen) With the coming of autumn, leaves are starting to fall.

feed fed fed alimentar/se, dar de comer

(fíid) (fed) (fed) The baby is too young to feed himself.

feel felt felt sentir/se, palpar, tocar

(fíil) (felt) (felt) Please feel Rick’s forehead to see if he has a fever.

fight fought fought pelear, combatir

(fáit) (fot) (fot) Steps should be taken to fight poverty.

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find found found encontrar
(fáund) (fáund) (fáund) Have they found a cure for that form of cancer yet?

fit fit* fit* encajar, quedar bien, instalar

(fit) (fit) (fit) Will this jacket fit you or should I bring out a smaller one?

flee fled fled huir, huir de

(flíi) (fled) (fled) Many Guatemalans fled to the U.S. when the war started.

fling flung flung echar, arrojar

(fling) (flang) (flang) The kids flung themselves on the bed to watch T.V.

fly flew flown volar

(flái) (flu) (flóun) A bird scared me when it flew through the window.

forbid forbade forbidden prohibir

(forbíd) (forbéid) (forbíden) The doctor forbade my uncle to eat salt.

forecast forecast* forecast* pronosticar, preveer

(forkást) (forkást) (forkást) Experts are forecasting an upturn in the economy.

foresee foresaw foreseen preveer

(forsíi) (forsó) (forsíin) They foresaw some difficulties arising in the future and prepared wisely.

foretell foretold foretold predecir

(fortél) (fortóuld) (fortóuld) Who can foretell what the future will bring?

forget forgot forgotten olvidar

(forguét) (forgót) (forgóten) Liza forgot her umbrella on the bus.

forgive forgave forgiven perdonar

(forguív) (forguéiv) (forguíven) His boss forgave Marco for arriving late.

forsake forsook forsaken abandonar, desamparar

(forséik) (forsúuk) (forséiken) Paula adopted a stray dog whose owner had forsaken it.

freeze froze frozen congelar

(fríiss) (fróuss) (fróussen) Prices have been frozen owing to the new economic measures.

get got got/gotten conseguir, recibir, ponerse, llegar

(get) (got) (goten) I got a cold when I spent the week in Xela.

give gave given dar

(guív) (guéiv) (guíven) The Jacksons have always given food and clothing to the poor.

go went gone ir
(góu) (went) (góon) Do you know you can go to Chimaltenango through Jocotenango?

grind ground ground moler

(gráind) (gráund) (gráund) The cook ground some meat in order to make hamburgers.

grow grew grown crecer, cultivar

(gróu) (gru) (gróun) When I was young, we lived next to an orchard where they grew apples.

handwrite handwrote handwritten escribir a mano

(jand-ráit) (jand-róut) (jand-ríten) Yesterday I handwrote my speech because my printer wasn’t working.

hang hung hung colgar

(jáang) (jang) (jang) Welcome! Let’s hang your coats right here, next to the door.

have had had tener

(jáav) (jáad) (jáad) Jason has had a well-paying job since 2004.

hear heard heard oír

(jíier) (jerd) (jerd) Have you heard the latest news on T.V.?

hide hid hidden esconder/se

(jáid) (jid) (jíden) The burglar was hiding from the police in the basement.

hit hit hit golpear, pegar

(jit) (jit) (jit) That old man hit the thief on the head with his walking stick.

hold held held sostener, celebrar, esperar

(jóuld) (jeld) (jeld) A soccer game is held here almost every weekend.

hurt hurt hurt herir, lastimar, doler

(jert) (jert) (jert) Karen’s lies hurt Steve so much that he’s breaking the engagement.

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inlay inlaid inlaid incrustar
(inléi) (inléid) (inléid) The lid of the jewelry box was inlaid with gold.

input input* input* entrar, introducir

(ínput) (ínput) (ínput) Who input this text yesterday?

keep kept kept mantener, guardar, continuar, criar

(kíip) (kept) (kept) The lady kept her jewels in a safe.

kneel knelt* knelt* arrodillarse, estar de rodillas

(níil) (nelt) (nelt) Many people kneel to pray.

knit knit* knit* tejer, tricotar

(nit) (nit) (nit) My grandmother loves knitting woolen scarves.

know knew known saber, conocer

(nóu) (niú) (nóun) I know very well what you mean.

lay laid laid poner, colocar

(léi) (léid) (léid) Hens lay eggs.

lead led led guiar, llevar, conducir

(líid) (led) (led) Eating junk food can lead to serious health problems.

lean leant* leant* apoyarse, inclinarse

(líin) (lent) (lent) The boss leant back in his chair and listened to his employee.

leap leapt* leapt* saltar

(líip) (lept) (lept) Share prices have leapt from $200 to $350 today.

learn learnt* learnt* aprender, enterarse

(lern) (lernt) (lernt) Today my six-year-old has learnt the alphabet at school.

leave left left irse, dejar, marcharse

(líiv) (left) (left) It was very warm so I left the windows open.

lend lent lent prestar

(lend) (lent) (lent) Lend me your pen, please.

let let let dejar, permitir

(let) (let) (let) Just let me finish this and I’ll help you. No problem.

lie lay lain yacer, echarse, quedar

(lái) (léi) (léin) London lies in the south of England.

light lit* lit* encender

(láit) (lit) (lit) At nightfall, the campers lit a fire and sat around it.

lose lost lost perder

(lúus) (lost) (lost) If you keep telling lies, you’ll lose all your friends.

make made made hacer

(méik) (méid) (méid) Make your bed before you go to school, Ted.

mean meant meant significar, querer decir, tener la intención de

(míin) (ment) (ment) I’m sorry I spilt that on you. I didn’t mean to.

meet met met encontrarse con, conocer

(míit) (met) (met) Let’s meet for a drink on Sunday.

melt melted molten* derretir

(melt) (mélted) (móulten) To prepare the recipe, I melted some butter in a pan.

mislead misled misled engañar, despistar, llevar por mal camino

(mislíid) (misléd) (misléd) The accused misled the jury during the trial.

mistake mistook mistaken confundir, interpretar mal

(mistéik) (mistúuk) (mistéiken) Alice has mistaken the dog’s welcoming bark as a threat.

misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood entender mal

(misanderstánd) (misanderstúud) (misanderstúud) Don’t misunderstand Sarah. She is grateful for your assistance.

mow mowed mown segar, cortar

(móu) (móud) (móun) May I borrow your mower? I need to mow my lawn.

overhear overheard overheard oír por casualidad, oír sin intención de ello
(ouverjíier) (ouverjérd) (ouverjérd) Let’s speak quietly so as not to be overheard.

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overtake overtook overtaken sobrepasar
(ouvertéik) (ouvertúuk) (ouvertéiken) You mustn’t overtake vehicles on a curve because it’s dangerous.

pay paid paid pagar

(péi) (péid) (péid) I think the Smiths paid too much for their house.

prove proved proven* probar, resultar

(prúuv) (prúuvt) (prúuven) In most courts, people are innocent until proven guilty.

put put put poner

(put) (put) (put) Have you already put sugar in my coffee?

quit quit quit abandonar, rendirse, dejar, renunciar

(kuít) (kuít) (kuít) Betty is on a diet so she had to quit junk food.

read read read leer

(ríiid) (red) (red) Have you read any of his novels?

rid rid* rid* librar, desembarazar

(rid) (rid) (rid) Alex ridded himself of guilt by telling the truth.

ride rode ridden andar en, pasear en, montar

(ráid) (róud) (ríden) My sister has ridden horses since she was seven.

ring rang rung sonar, llamar por teléfono

(ring) (raang) (rang) Your aunt rang while you were taking a shower.

rise rose risen levantarse, subir

(ráis) (róus) (rísen) When the judge walked into the courtroom, everyone rose.

run ran run correr

(ran) (raan) (ran) She ran to the station, but missed the train.

saw sawed sawn* serrar, serruchar

(so) (sod) (sóon) Our gardener has sawn a large branch from this tree.

say said said decir

(séi) (sed) (sed) “Good morning, madam!” said the janitor.

see saw seen ver

(síi) (so) (síin) The murderer was seen running form the scene of the crime.

seek sought sought buscar

(síik) (sot) (sot) As Peter was in an accident, he sought legal advice.

sell sold sold vender

(sel) (sóuld) (sóuld) This novel has sold so well that it has been reprented many times.

send sent sent enviar

(send) (sent) (sent) Alison hasn’t sent any emails yet.

set set set poner, ambientar

(set) (set) (set) The movie was set in San Francisco in the early ‘60s.

sew sewed sewn* coser

(sóu) (sóud) (sóun) The seams in Dad’s suit were sewn by a tailor.

shake shook shaken sacudir, agitar, hacer temblar

(shéik) (shúuk) (shéiken) I asked my uncle to lend me his car but he shook his head to say “no.”

shave shaved shaven* afeitarse, rasurar

(shéiv) (shéivt) (shéiven) He has shaven his head because it seems to be the new “in” thing to do.

shear shore* shorn* esquilar, cortar

(shíir) (shor) (shorn) I’ll take my poodle to the vet tomorrow so they’ll shear her.

shed shed shed derramar, mudar, echar

(shed) (shed) (shed) Snakes shed their skin from time to time.

shine shone shone brillar, lustrar

(sháin) (shóun) (shóun) At nightfall, the campers shone their flashlights around the dark forest.

shoot shot shot disparar, matar a tiros

(shúut) (shot) (shot) It’s forbidden to shoot animals in these woods.

show showed shown mostrar, exhibir

(shóu) (shóud) (shóun) Oliver has shown his oil painting at any art gallery in Zone 1.

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shrink shrank shrunk encoger/se, reducir/se
(shrink) (shraank) (shrank) If you wash a woolen sweater with hot wáter, it will shrink.

shut shut shut cerrar

(shat) (shat) (shat) The coffee shop on the corner shuts at midnight.

sing sang sung cantar

(sing) (saang) (sang) At sunrise, birds sing outside my bedroom window.

sink sank sunk hundir/se

(sink) (saank) (sank) She sank into her favorite armchair to read his letter to her.

sit sat sat sentar/se

(sit) (sat) (sat) I sat the family at their favorite table by the window.

slay slew slain matar

(sléi) (slúu) (sléin) The prince slew the dragon with a sword.

sleep slept slept dormir

(slíip) (slept) (slept) I feel tired; I haven’t slept very well for the last three nights.

slide slid slid deslizar/se, resbalarse

(sláid) (slid) (slid) The little snake had slid along the sand before it hid behind a rock.

sling slung slung tirar, arrojar

(sling) (slang) (slang) They slung their jackets into the back of the van and left.

slink slunk slunk moverse sigilosamente, escabullirse

(slink) (slank) (slank) The concert was so bad that the band had tos link by a back door.

slit slit slit rajar, cortar

(slit) (slit) (slit) Mr. Brown slit open an envelope and took out a letter.

smell smelt* smelt* oler

(smel) (smelt) (smelt) His breath smelt of alcohol and couldn’t walk properly.

sneak snuck* snuck* entrar/salir/poner a hurtadillas

(sníik) (snak) (snak) My little sister snuck into my bedroom while I was away.

sow sowed sown sembrar

(sóu) (sóud) (sóun) This soil is good for sowing those plants.

speak spoke spoken hablar

(spíik) (spóuk) (spóuken) The man who spoke to me had a foreign accent.

speed sped* sped* acelerar, ir a toda velocidad

(spíid) (sped) (sped) According to the doctor, this medicine will speed Jeraldo’s recovery.

spell spelt* spelt* deletrear

(spél) (spélt) (spélt) Excuse me. How do you spell your last name?

spend spent spent gastar, pasar

(spend) (spent) (spent) We’re going to spend our vacation in Xocomil.

spill spilt* spilt* derramar, volcar

(spil) (spilt) (spilt) It’s of no use crying over spilt milk.

spin spun spun girar, dar vueltas, hilar, tejer

(spin) (span) (span) A spider spun a web in the corner of the room.

spit spat spat escupir

(spit) (spat) (spat) The man cleared his throat and spa ton the ground.

split split splite partir, rajar, dividir

(split) (split) (split) They share an apartment and Split the rent and all the bills.

spoil spoilt* spoilt* estropear, echar a perder, arruinar

(spóil) (spóilt) (spóilt) They spoil their child by giving her whatever she wants.

spread spread spread extender, desplegar, esparcir

(spred) (spred) (spred) That terrible disease is spreading very quickly.

spring sprang sprung saltar

(spring) (spraang) (sprang) Tears sprang from her eyes when she heard the terrible news.

stand stood stood estar de pie, pararse, soportar

(stáand) (stúud) (stúud) Don’t just stand there. Help me!

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steal stole stolen robar
(stíil) (stóul) (stóulen) Someone stole my wallet on the bus.

stick stuck stuck pegar, clavar, atascarse, asomar

(stik) (stak) (stak) I need some glue to stick this photo into the photo álbum.

sting stung stung picar, arder

(sting) (stang) (stang) Though it will sting, you have to wash that cut with soap and wáter.

stink stank stunk apestar, oler mal

(stink) (stáank) (stank) Polluted water stinks.

stride strode* stridden andar con pasos largos

(stráid) (stróud) (stríden) Our boss was so furious that he strode in the office shouting.

strike struck struck/stricken golpear, dar (la hora)

(stráik) (strak) (stríken) The clock has just struck midnight.

string strung strung encordar, ensartar, atar

(string) (strang) (strang) we have strung lights up in the Christmas tree.

strive strove striven luchar, esforzarse

(stráiv) (stróuv) (stríven) New programs strive to be the first to break the news.

swear swore sworn jurar, decir palabrotas, maldecir

(suéer) (suóor) (suóorn) Ralph swore that he would keep his promise.

sweat sweat* sweat* sudar

(suét) (suét) (suét) I have sweated a lot over this project.

sweep swept* swept* barrer, azotar

(suíip) (suépt) (suépt) Strong winds sweep the cliffs of Dover.

swell swelled swollen hincharse, crecer, aumentar

(suél) (suéld) (suólen) The curtains swelled in the breeze.

swim swam swum nadar

(suím) (suáam) (suám) The sailor jumped from the boat and swam to shore.

swing swung swung balancear, mecer, colgar

(suíng) (suáng) (suáng) The door swung open and the big man walked into the room.

take took taken tomar, llevar

(téik) (túuk) (téiken) The child was taken to see his mother at the hospital.

teach taught taught enseñar

(tíich) (tot) (tot) She has taught English for many years.

tear tore torn desgarrar, romper, arrancar

(téar) (tóor) (tóorn) I accidently tore the fabric of my pants.

tell told told decir, contar

(tel) (tóuld) (tóuld) Have I told you that Harold is getting married?

think thought thought pensar

(zink) (zot) (zot) What do you think of this book? Do you like it?

thrive throve* thriven* prosperar, crecer mucho, desarrollarse

(zráiv) (zróuv) (zríven) Flowers thrive in this rich volcanic soil.

throw threw thrown tirar, arrojar

(zróu) (zrú) (zróun) The lady threw litter on the street.

thrust thrust thrust empujar con fuerza, clavar

(zrast) (zrast) (zrast) My classmate thrust a book at me.

tread trod trodden pisar, andar

(tred) (trod) (tróden) Many people had trodden this path before.

undergo underwent undergone sufrir, ser sometido a, recibir

(andergóu) (anderwént) (anderwént) Jaime is undergoing psychotherapy.

understand understood understood entender

(anderstáand) (anderstúud) (anderstúud) His girlfriend understood what he was trying tos ay.

undertake undertook undertaken emprender, acometer

(andertéik) (andertúuk) (andertéiken) Our boss undertook a very ambitious project.

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upset upset upset enfadar, trastornar
(apsét) (apsét) (apsét) Vivian got there two hours late and upset all our plans.

wake woke woken despertar

(uéik) (uóuk) (uóuken) We were woken by a loud noise.

wear wore worn usar, vestir, gastar

(uéer) (uóor) (uórn) The rug is starting to wear.

weave wove woven tejer

(uíiv) (uóuv) (uóuven) My sister-in-law weaves shawls with a loom.

wed wed* wed* casarse, contraer matrimonio

(uéd) (uéd) (uéd) By next Spring, the royal couple will have wedded.

weep wept wept llorar

(uíip) (uépt) (uépt) Everyone wept at the funeral.

wet wet* wet* mojar

(wét) (wét) (wét) The hairdresser wetted the comb slightly to arrange her hair.

win won won ganar

(wín) (wán) (wán) Eugene O’Neill won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1936.

wind wound wound dar cuerda, serpentear, envolver, enrollar

(wáind) (wáund) (wáund) The river wound its way between the hills.

withdraw withdrew withdrawn retirar, sacar

(widróo) (widrú) (widróon) The participant who cheated was withdrawn from the contest.

withhold withheld withheld retener, ocultar, no revelar

(widjóuld) (widjéld) (widjéld) I will withhold your fees until the work is done.

withstand withstood withstood resistir, aguantar, oponerse

(widstáand) (widstúud) (widstúud) She withstood the temptation to go to the party.

wring wrung wrung torcer, retorcer, estrujar, escurrir

(ring) (rang) (rang) You looked so mad that I thought you were going to wring his neck.

write wrote written escribir, componer

(ráit) (róut) (ríten) Bach wrote hundreds of songs during his lifetime.