© October 2015 | IJIRT | Volume 2 Issue 1 | ISSN: 2349-6002

EFFECT OF FUEL INJECTION PRESSURE ON

PERFORMANCE CI ENGINE USING SIMAROUBA
AS BIODIESEL
Amit. Khyadi1, P.L. Puthani2, B. R. Hosamani3
1
P.G student, Thermal Power Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering.
3
Associate Professor, Department of Automobile Engineering.
B.L.D.E.A’s PGHCET VIJAYAPUR 586103, Karnataka. India

Abstract-- Due to increase in population and lavish life of proportionate to this demand. India depends mainly on
the people, there is increased in number of automobiles imported fuels due to lack of fossil fuel reserves and it
throughout the world, has resulted in increase in demand for has a great impact on economy. Energy is one of the
fossil fuels. That causes fast depletion of fossil fuels. Use of
most important input parameter to the growth of all
the fossil fuels emits harmful gases to the atmosphere and
sectors including agriculture, industrialization and
creates environmental degradation. So to prolong the use of
petroleum fuels there is an urgent need for the researchers service based transport sector. Energy is in the sense a
and technocrats to find an alternate source of energy which backbone to sustainable and economic development of
can be directly used in existing internal combustion engines. national and global issues. Economic, environmental
The alternate energy which can be used in diesel engines is and energy security issues resulting from excessive
biodiesel. Biodiesel are derived from vegetable oils. The reliance on petroleum are forcing to develop an
vegetable oils considered are from tree oils. An effort is alternate fuel.
made to study the suitability of vegetable oil as alternative
fuel for diesel engine operation. Properties of these biodiesel Diesel is a one of the fossil fuel and has an
nearly match the diesel. Simarouba oil methyl ester has been essential function in industrial economy of the
tested in 4 stroke single cylinder diesel engine coupled with
countries, which is getting depleted at the frequent and
eddy current dynamometer. Test has been carried for
quicker rate. Majorly the world’s energy demands are
different fuel injection pressure such as 190, 205 and 220bar
respectively. BSFC, BTE, emissions like CO, HC, NOx and supplied though petrochemical sources, coal and
smoke density are measured. Tests are conducted on the natural gases, with the exception of hydroelectric and
engine at different injection pressure and different loads. nuclear energy. Economic growth is always
Blend B20 at 205bar injection pressure gave better results accompanied by consolidated increase in the
than other blends. Biodiesel blends have higher BSFC, and transportation sector which is receiving substantial
lower brake thermal efficiency than pure diesel. In all growth due to the population explosion and high living
biodiesel blends reduction is observed in CO, HC and smoke strategy of humans.
density are lesser, but has maximum NOx emission are
increased. From investigation it is concluded that biodiesel Internal combustion engines are the prime movers
can be used safely as an alternative fuel to substitute diesel (power resources) for transport vehicles for marine
without any modification to the diesel engine.
ships, construction equipments and agriculture
Index terms-- Emissions, Injection pressure, Performance
machineries which often uses diesel as main
Simarouba oil methyl ester, combustible fuel. Engine consume large amount of
fuel to produce power and emits the hazardous and
I. INTRODUCTION poisonous or harmful major exhaust emissions, which
include CO, HC, NOx, particulate matter (PM) and
India is one of the fastest developing countries with a CO2. Diesel engines are the major cause of NOx and
stable economic growth, which multiplies the demand PM emissions which are the major environmental
in many fields. Fuel consumption is directly concerns. For industrial sector the reduction of NOx
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and particulate emission is the important task. The excessive use of petrochemical based industry and
fossil fuel demand is gradually increasing due to the automobile application.
of 5.2 kW at 1500rpm, having 87.55 mm bore and
110mm stroke, injection pressure of 200bar at
II. OBJECTIVES 230bTDC injection time. It consist of test bed, a diesel

In this paper, Simarouba biodiesel is used in

interaction with the diesel fuel. In this paper, the engine, eddy current dynamometer, an AVL444
importance of (IP) injection pressure has given to the make(5 gas analyzer), AVL 437 smoke meter, a
best performance and lower emission from the diesel computer with a engine soft software, pressure sensor
engines. However the main objectives are highlighted to measure cylinder pressure, TDC sensor records
as follow. pressure for every 2 degrees of rotation of crank with
1. Investigating the properties of the biodiesel as well curve P-Ө plotted.
as blends of biodiesel with diesel.
2. To study the effect of fuel injection pressure on the III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
performance of CI engine using biodiesel (Simarouba)
oil as fuel. 1.1.1 Properties of fuel
3. To study Smoke and various emission
characteristics The color of biodiesel is green. The characteristics of
4. Evaluating the optimum injection pressure which biodiesel are nearly matches to mineral diesel and
gives maximum efficiency & minimum pollution. therefore biodiesel becomes strong candidate to
substitute the mineral diesel.
III. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
Table 1 Properties of Diesel and Simarouba blends

Blends Density in Heating value

(Kg/m3) (Kj/Kg)
B0 810 44100
Computer Diesel tank B20 824 43331
B40 838 42587
Biodiesel tank B60 852 41869
B80 866 41173
AVL 5 Control
Smoke meter unit B100 880 40500
Air box
Exhaust gas
calorimeter 1.1.2 Influence of injection pressure on brake
specific fuel consumption rated load.
AVL 5 gas
Analyser Eddy current
Engine dynamometer

Fig. 1. Line diagram of experimental

Setup

The experiments are conducted in laboratory on a fully

advanced computerized experimental engine testing
consisting of single cylinder direct injection 4 stroke
diesel engines. The arrangement of testing and its
instrumentation is shown in figure. It has rated power
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Fig 1.1.3 Influence of injection pressure on brake

thermal efficiency at rated load.

The variation of brake thermal efficiency with

injection pressure for diesel and various blends is
shown in fig 1.1.3. It is observed that BTE decrease
with increase of concentration of biodiesel in blend at
all injection pressure. For all fuels BTE increases with
increase in injection pressure up to 205bar, further
increase in injection pressure beyond 205 bar decrease
BTE, this may be due to increased BSFC and high
momentum of fuel droplets. The BTE of B20 is
0.559% lower than that of diesel at 205 bar injection
pressure. This drop is due to higher viscosity, lower
heating value and poor atomization.
Fig 1.1.2 Influence of injection pressure on brake
specific fuel consumption at rated load.
1.1.4 Influence of injection pressure on carbon
The variation of brake specific fuel consumption with monoxide at rated load.
injection pressure for diesel and various blends is The variation of carbon monoxide with injection
shown in fig 1.1.2. BSFC plays very important pressure for diesel and various blends is shown in fig
evaluation of engine performance. Figure shows for 1.1.4. Carbon monoxide formed is mainly due to
fuels BSFC decreases with increase of injection incomplete combustion of fuel, which may be due to in
pressure up to 205 bar further increase in the injection adequate time for combustion or due to shortage of air.
pressure beyond 205 bar resulted in higher BSFC, this The biodiesel itself contains 11% of oxygen which
is due to with increase in injection pressure not only help for complete combustion results in reduced CO
decrease the fuel droplet size but also increase the emissions. CO emissions decrease with injection
momentum of fuel droplets. Due to this increase in pressure up to 220 bar and recording minimum values
momentum of fuel droplet could have got impinged on for all the fuel samples tested. CO emissions of B20,
the cylinder inner wall and fuel consumption increases B40, B60, B80 and B100 are 12.12%, 4.54%, 3.03%,
to develop same power. Among all fuel blends BSFC 6.06% and 8.636% respectively lower than that of
of diesel (B0) at 205 bar pressure has lower value. diesel fuel at 220 bar injection pressure.
BSFC of B20 is best amongst all blends and nearly
matches to diesel. BSFC of B20 at 205bar is 1.61%
more than that of diesel.

1.1.3 Influence of injection pressure on brake

thermal efficiency at rated load.

Fig 1.1.4 Influence of injection pressure on carbon

monoxide at rated load.

1.1.5 Influence of injection pressure on

hydrocarbons at rated load

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Fig 1.1.6 Influence of injection pressure on oxides of

Fig 1.1.5 Influence of injection pressure on nitrogen at rated load.
hydrocarbons at rated load.
1.1.7 Influence of injection pressure on smoke
The variation of hydrocarbons with injection pressure density at rated load
for diesel and various blends is shown in fig 1.1.5. HC The variation of smoke density with injection pressure
emissions are mainly formed due to inadequate mixing for diesel and various blends is shown in fig 1.1.8. It
of fuel with air, lower combustion chamber surface can be seen that highest smoke density for blends has
temperature, fuel impingement on combustion been observed at 190 bar injection pressure. With
chamber surface and droplet size. At rated injection increase in injection pressure from 205 to 220bar for
pressure of 205 bar HC emissions of B20, B40, B60, B20 biodiesel blend at rated load the smoke density is
B80 and B100 are respectively 14.28%, 28.57%, reduced by 5.5%. It can also see that all the blends
14.28%, 7.142% and 21.42% lower than that of diesel have less density than the pure diesel (B0). The
fuel. The presence of oxygen in biodiesel helps in the presence of oxygen in the blends in addition to good
complete combustion that leads to lowering the HC atomization of fuel at higher injection pressure may be
emissions. the reason for lower smoke density at higher injection
pressure.
1.1.6 Influence of injection pressure on oxides of
nitrogen at rated load.
The variation of oxides of nitrogen with injection
pressure for diesel and various blends is shown in fig
1.1.6. High oxygen concentration and high temperature
in the fuel air mixture during combustion are reason
for NOx emission through exhaust. NOx emissions
increase with increase in percentage of biodiesel in the
blends. NOx emissions of B20, B40, B60, B80 and
B100 are respectively 5.69%, 6.24%, 6.45%, 8.23%
and 13.24% higher than that of diesel fuel at rated
injection pressure of 205bar. The NOx emissions
increase with increase in injection pressure for all fuel
blends tested.

Fig 1.1.7 Influence of injection pressure on smoke

density at rated load.

1.1.8 Effect of in cylinder combustion pressure

Fig 1.18 to Fig 1.1.10 shows the variation of P-θ
diagram of three different fuel injection pressures at
rated load for blends B0, B20, B40, B60, B80 and
B100. At injection pressure 190bar from Fig 1.1.9 the
maximum peak pressure for pure diesel (B0) is
recorded 76.25bar from 90 TDC. It is also recorded that

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maximum peak pressure for S60 is 75.92bar from 110
TDC. The lower peak pressure for biodiesel blends
compared to pure diesel and their position from TDC
is due to higher viscosity, volatility and lower calorific
value of fuel by which its combustion gets delayed. At
injection pressure 205bar from Fig 1.1.10 maximum
peak pressure for pure diesel (B0) recorded 70.35bar
from 50 TDC and compared to pure diesel biodiesel
blend B80 has higher peak pressure 74.4bar from 70
TDC. Similarly for injection pressure 220bar from Fig
1.1.11 maximum peak pressure for pure diesel (B0)
recorded 72.2bar from 90 TDC and compared to pure
diesel biodiesel blend B80 has higher peak pressure
74.4bar from 70TDC this is because as the injection
pressure increases fine atomization and sufficient
evaporation of fuel takes place in very short time.
Hence at higher injection pressure biodiesel blend has
higher peak pressure. Fig 1.1.10 P-θ diagram at Rated load for 220 bar IP

Fig 1.1.8 P-θ diagram at Rated load for 190 bar IP IV. CONCLUSIONS

From experiments it has been concluded that SOME

biodiesel can be easily blend with pure diesel and used
in engine without any modifications.
 Brake specific fuel consumption is slightly
higher than diesel i.e. 1.61% for B20 but
closer to diesel among all the blends due to
lower calorific value of biodiesel. 
 Brake thermal efficiency of SOME blend B20
i.e. 0.559% near to brake thermal efficiency
of diesel at 205bar injection pressure.
 Compared to pure diesel the biodiesel has
better emission properties. CO and HC
emission were lesser than that of pure diesel,
as SOME contains more oxygen content
which results in complete combustion.
 NOx values for all SOME blends are higher
than the values of pure diesel.
Fig 1.1.9 P-θ diagram at Rated load for 205 bar IP  Exhaust gas temperature is reduced at 220bar.

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