The volume off an individual inclined trench, cut from the horizontal surface to a

final depth H, with the bottom width b and the angles of slope of trench sides, cc, is
determined as the sum of volumes of regular geometrical figures which constitute the
trench (Fig. 5.13a):

Figure 5.13: Diagram to calculate the volume of an inclined trench

 The volume of figure A which is the mid portion of the inclined trench;
 The volumes of figures 2B which represent the spacing of trench sides;
 The volumes of figures D and 2F which constitute the end (face) portion of the
trench after cutting.

As follows from Fig. 5.13a, A is a rectangular semi-prism with the base being the
rectangle with sides’ b and H. Its height is H/tan I or H/i and its volume (m3) is:

(5.9)

Where:

i: is the angle of slope of the trench toe, degrees, and i is the trench bottom gradient.

Figure B is a pyramid with the base formed by a triangle of an area ; its height

is and its volume (m3) is:

(5.10)

* Theoretical principles for calculating the volumes of maim trenches have been
developed by Prof. E.F. Sheshko.

Figure D is a rectangular semi-prism with the base bH and height H/tan cc; its
volume (in3) is:

(5.11)

Figure F is part of a cone whose base is a quarter of a circle of radius H/tan α and
the height is H; its volume (m3) is:

(5.12)

Thus, the volume of the inclined trench (m3) is:

(5.13)
   

If an inclined trench has only a slight slope, the volumes D and 2F can be
neglected. Then we have:

(5.14)
.

If the volume of a trench is determined by considering the spacing of the end

Figure 5.14: Diagram to calculate the a volume of an inclined half-trench

The volumes: A + 2B + D + 2F. In that case we obtain:

= (5.15)
.

The construction volume (m3) of an individual inclined half-trench, Vhtr, with a

 


(5.16)

If γ >10 , the volume of a half-trench (m3) can be found from a simpler

(5.17)

Inclined trenches usually cut in hillsides and worked-off flanks of quarries. In the
latter case they called inclined access ways or simply access ways.With an intricate
surface relief of the deposit and curvilinear form of external trenches in plan, their
volumes are determined by making a number of parallel vertical cross sections in the
typical points of the longitudinal profile of a trench (Fig. 2.25). The areas of these
sections are determined by means of a planimeter, after which the volume of the
trench is found as the sum of these blocks:

  Figure 5.15: Diagram to calculate the volume of a main trench of intricate shape of these sections
are c

. ⋯ (5.18)

Where:

S1, S2 , ….Snare the cross-sectional areas of the trench, m2, and l1, l 2, . . ., lnare
the lengths of the blocks into which the trench has been divided, m. This method
gives greater accuracy with a smaller distance between parallel cross sections. With
an intricate shape of a trench in plan and sharply uneven surface relief, it is essential
to divide the length of a trench into a larger number of blocks. The construction
volumes of common and group internal trenches are determined as the sum of
volumes of the individual trenches and half-trenches. Under comparable conditions,
the volumes of common and group external trenches depend on their cross-sectional
form, type of junction points, number of benches being stripped and number of
transport exits from a trench. A group or common trench may be made in one of two
versions. In the first version (Fig. 5.16a), the exit from a trench is common for all
levels and in the second version (Fig. 5.16b), an independent exit is made from each
bench. With two benches being opened, the volume of an external trench (m3) with a
common exit is determined by the formula:

With one-sided junction of the roads of working levels:

+ (5.19)
 

And with two-sided junction:

(5.20)

Where:

bt and bs are the width of the transport berm and safety berm respectively, m.

With independent exit onto the surface from each bench, the volume of an external
trench will be smaller and can be determined for instance, as for the above conditions
of one-sided junction, by the formula:

( + (5.21)

With the use of conveyer transport, the volume (m3) of an external trench is limited
by the design position of the slope of the non-working flank of the quarry and can be
given by the formula:

(5.22)