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CBSE Class 10 Physics Electricity Notes

The document summarizes key concepts about electricity including: 1) Electric current is the flow of charge through a conductor and is measured in amperes. 2) Batteries provide the voltage to drive current flow and resistors impede current flow based on their material and dimensions. 3) Ohm's law states the current through a resistor is directly proportional to the applied voltage.

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673 views3 pages

CBSE Class 10 Physics Electricity Notes

The document summarizes key concepts about electricity including: 1) Electric current is the flow of charge through a conductor and is measured in amperes. 2) Batteries provide the voltage to drive current flow and resistors impede current flow based on their material and dimensions. 3) Ohm's law states the current through a resistor is directly proportional to the applied voltage.

Uploaded by

Manendra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class X: Physics
Chapter 3: Electricity
Chapter Notes
Key Learnings:

1. Electric current is the rate of flow of charge.

2. Battery provides the driving force required to move the charges along the
wire from one terminal to another.

3. The constant voltage difference between the two terminals of the wire
maintains the constant electric current through the wire.

4. Electric current is measured in terms of amperes where


1 ampere = 1 coulomb / second

5. Voltage is measured in terms of volt where


1 volt = 1 joule /coulomb

6. Resistance is a property that resists the flow of electrons in a conductor. It

controls the magnitude of the current. The SI unit of resistance is ohm (Ω).

7. Resistivity is defined as the resistance offered by a cube of the material of


side 1 m when the current flows perpendicular to the opposite faces of the
cube.

8. Ohm’s law: The potential difference across the ends of a resistor is directly
proportional to the current through it, provided its temperature remains the
same.

9. The resistance of a conductor depends directly on its length, inversely on


its area of cross – section, and also on the material of the conductor.

10. In Series combination of resistors:


- The current flowing through each resistor is the same
- The potential difference across the ends of the series combination is
distributed across the resistors
- The equivalent resistance is greater than the greatest resistance in the
combination.

11. In Parallel combination of resistors:


- The potential difference across each resistor is same and is equal to
the potential difference across the combination.

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- The main current divides itself and a different current flow through
each resistor.
- The equivalent resistance is lesser than the least of all the resistances.

12. The effect of heating current due to which heat is produced in a wire
when current is passed through it is called heating effect of current.

13. Electric power is the rate at which electrical energy is produced or


consumed in an electric circuit.

14. The unit of power is watt (W). One watt of power is consumed when 1 A
of current flows at a potential difference of 1 V.

15. The commercial unit of electric energy is kilowatt hour (kW h), commonly
known a ‘unit’.

Top Formulae:

1. The current I through the cross – section of a conductor is

Q
I
t

Where Q is net charge flowing across the cross – section of a conductor in

time t.

2. Potential difference (V) between two points = work done (W)/ Charge (Q)

V = W/ Q

3. Ohm’s law: V = I R

4. The equivalent resistance in series circuit is the sum of the individual


resistances -
R = R 1 + R2 + R3

5. The equivalent resistance of a parallel circuit containing resistances R1, R2,


1 1 1 1
R3 is given as   
Req R1 R2 R3

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6. The electric power P is given by

P = VI

Or P = I2R = V²/ R

7. The electrical energy dissipated in a resistor is given by W  V  I  t

8. Joule’s law of heating; H = I2Rt

9. 1 kW h = 3, 600, 000 J = 3.6 x 106 J

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