4/12/2015

By Dr . Hussein Mahmoud

DESIGN OF COMBINED
FOOTING

12-Apr-15 1

Using: Col. 1 Col. 2

plan

12-Apr-15 2

1
 ‫‪4/12/2015‬‬

‫‪Using:‬‬
‫الشكل مستطيل أو شبه منحرف‬
‫عمود‬
‫جار‬

‫‪P1 < P2‬‬ ‫‪P1 > P2‬‬

‫‪12-Apr-15‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪Using:‬‬ ‫ال يشترط أن يكون العمودان على محور واحد‬

‫قاعدة إقتصادية‬

‫فكرة الحل‪:‬‬
‫نجعل مركز المحصلة فى منتصف‬ ‫قاعدة غير إقتصادية‬
‫القاعدة المجمعة حتى تكون اإلجھادات‬
‫أسفل القاعدة منتظمة‬
‫‪12-Apr-15‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
 4/12/2015

a) RECTANGULAR FOOTING:

Property
Line

P1 < P2

12-Apr-15 5

Data: S

Column Load (left side) P1 (kN) C1

Column Load (right side) P2 (kN) plan

Columns dimensions a1, b1, a2, b2 (m)

Spacing bet. Columns S (m) (C.L to C.L)

Max. clearance C1 or C2 (m)

Soil B.C. qna (kN /m2)

RC allowable stress fcu, fy (N/mm2)

12-Apr-15 6

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 4/12/2015

Design Procedures:  
1) RC footing dim.

R = P1 + P2
take moment about P1 P2 * S
P2 * S = R * Y Y 
R
L/2 = Y + (a1/2) + C1 ….. get L

A RC  R / q na ARC = L * B ----- get B

actual stress on soil
R
fn  ≤ qna w = fn * B (t/m’)
L*B
get C2 = L - (C1 + a1/2 + S + a2/2)

12-Apr-15 7

2) Draw S.F.D & B.M.D for long direction

Q1 = w * C1
Q2 = w * (C1+a1) – P1 1 2 3 4

Q4 = - w * C2
Q3 = -w * (C2+a2) + P2
point of zero shear at distance
x  P1 / w
C12
M1  w *
2
((C  a 1 ) 2 a
M2  w * 1  P1 * 1
2 2
C 22 (C  a 2 ) 2 a
M4  w * M3  w * 2  P2 * 2
2 2 2
2
X a
get Mmax at zero shear M max  w *  P1 * ( X  C1  1 )
2 2
12-Apr-15 8

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 4/12/2015

12-Apr-15 9

3) Depth
Q sh * 1 . 5
d sh  ----- get dI
B * q cu
Qsh at distance d from col. face -----
Qsh = Qmax – w * d
Mu = 1.5 * Mmax
Mu
d m  C1 ----- get dII
fcu * B

from dI , dII ----- get d & t = d + 5cm

12-Apr-15 10

5
 4/12/2015

Check Punching Shear

Pu1 - f nu * (a1  d) * (b1  d)
q up 
2(a1  b1  2d) * d
≤ qcup
P - f * (a 2  d) * (b2  d)
q up  u2 nu
2(a 2  b 2  2d) * d

‫فى حالة عمود جار‬

Pu1 - f nu * (a1  d/2) * (b1  d) ≤ qcup

q up 
(2a1  b1  2d) * d

Pu1 = 1.5P1 & Pu2 = 1.5P2

fnu = 1.5fn

12-Apr-15 11

4) Reinforcement
M utop
A S top 
j d fy
M
A S bottom  ubottom take √ Φ √ mm / B
j d fy

As min  0.0015* B * t
Check Dev. Length

f cu
f bu  0.30
c
φ α β η (f y / γ s )  X
Ld 
4 f bu

12-Apr-15 12

6
 4/12/2015

5) Transverse Direction
For Col. 1

width = a1 + 2d or
B1’ = a1 + d + C1
C3
wu1 = Pu1 / B M u1  w u1 * C 3 * * 0 . 85
2
M u1
A S1 
j d fy
…….. take
k √ Φ √ mm / B1’
As min  0.0015* B1' * t

Ld ≤ C3

12-Apr-15 13

For Col. 2

width = a2 + 2d or
B2’ = a2 + d + C2

wu2 = Pu2 / B C4
M u2  w u2 * C 4 * * 0 . 85
2
M u2
A S2 
j d fy ……. take √ Φ √ mm / B2’

As min  0.0015* B2' * t

Ld ≤ C4

12-Apr-15 14

7
 4/12/2015

RFT Details

5Φ12 mm /m

5Φ12 mm /m
As1

As2
A

A
12-Apr-15 15

8
 Foundation Engineering ( 5701332-3)

Example for Combined Rect. Footing:

 Data:
P1 = 1000 kN,
P2 = 1500 kN,
a1 = 40 cm,
b1 = 60 cm,
a2 = 60 cm,
b2 = 60cm,
S = 5.0 m,
C1 = 0.5 m,
qna= 200 kN/m2,
fcu = 25 N/mm2,
fy = 360 N/mm2,
qcu = 0.65 N/mm2,
qcup = 1.12 N/mm2,
qbu = 1.22 N/mm2,
C = 4,
j = 0.807

 Design Procedures:
1) RC footing dim.
R = 1000 + 1500 = 2500
1500 * 5 = 2500 * Y Y=3m
L/2 = 3 + (0.4/2) + 0.5 = 3.7 m …. L = 7.4 m
A RC  2500/200  12.5m 2
12.5 = 7.4 * B ---- Take B=1.7 m

By Dr. Hussein Mahmoud 1

Foundation Engineering ( 5701332-3)

2500
fn   199 kN/m 2
≤ qna= 200 kN/m2
7.4 * 1.7
w = 199 * 1.7 = 338 kN/m’
2) Draw S.F.D & B.M.D for long dir.
C2 = 7.4 – (0.5+0.2+5+0.3) = 1.4 m
Q1 = 338 * 0.5 = 169 kN
Q2 = 338 * (0.5+0.4) – 1000 = -696 kN
Q4 = -338 * 1.4 = -473 kN
Q3 = -338 * (1.4+0.6) + 1500 = 824 kN
point of zero shear at distance x  1000 / 338  2.96 m
(0.5) 2
M1  338 *  42 m.kN
2
( 0 .9 ) 2
M 2  338 *  1000 * 0.2  63 m.kN
2
(1.4) 2
M 4  338 *  331 m.kN
2
(1.4  0.6) 2
M 3  338 *  1500 * 0.3  226 m.kN
2
(2.96) 2
M max  338 *  1000 * (2.96  0.5  0.2)  780 m.kN
2
3) Depth
Qsh = 824 – 338 * d
1.5(824 - 338 * d)
d ----- d = 0.77 m Take d= 0.8m
1.7 * 0.65 *1000
1000-199*(0.4 0.8) * (0.6 0.8)
fp   160 kN/m2 = 0.16 N/mm2 < qcup (ok)
2(0.4 0.6  2*0.8) *0.8
1500-199*(0.6 0.8) *(0.6 0.8)
fp   248 kN/m2 = 0.25 N/mm2 < qcup (ok)
2(0.6 0.6  2*0.8) *0.8
780 * 10 6
dm  4 = 542 mm = 0.55 m
25 * 1700
Take d = 0.80 m & t = 0.85 m
4) Reinforcement
780 * 10 6
A s top  = 3356 mm2 take 12 Φ 19mm/1.7 m
0.807 * 360 * 8 00

By Dr. Hussein Mahmoud 2

Foundation Engineering ( 5701332-3)

331 * 10 6
A s bottom  = 1424 mm2
0.807 * 360 * 8 00 take 11 Φ 16mm/1.7 m
2
Asmin = 0.0015 * 1700 * 850 = 2167 mm
φ α β η (f y / γ s ) 19 *1* 0.75 *1 (360 / 1.15 )
Ld    914mm
4 f bu 4 *1.22
< x  2960 mm

5) Transverse Direction
For Col. 1 For Col. 2

width B1’ = 0.4 + 2*0.8 = 2m width B2’= 0.6 + 2*0.8 = 2.2m or

B1’ = 0.4 + .8 + 1.0 = 2.2 m B2’= 0.6 + 0.8 + 1.4 = 2.8m
Take B1’ = 2m Take B2’ = 2.2m
w1 = 1000 / 1.7 = 588 kN/m’ w2 = 1500 / 1.7 = 882 kN /m’
C3 = (1.7 - 0.6)/2 = 0.55 m C4 = (1.7 - 0.6)/2 = 0.55 m
M1 = 588 *(0.55)2*0.85/2 M1 = 882 *(0.55)2*0.85/2
= 76 m. kN = 113 m.kN
76 *106 113 *106
A s1  = 327 mm2 As 2  = 486 mm2
0.807 * 360 * 800 0.807 * 360 * 800
Asmin = 0.0015*2000* 850 = 2550
Asmin = 0.0015*2200* 850 = 2805 mm2
mm2
take 13 Φ 16 mm / 2.0m take 14 Φ 16 mm / 2.2m

16 * 0.75 * 0.75 *1 (360 / 1.15 )

Ld 
4 *1.22 Ld = 577 mm < (550+800) mm
= 577 mm < (550+800) mm

By Dr. Hussein Mahmoud 3

24/06/1436

By Dr . Hussein Mahmoud

DESIGN OF STRAP FOOTING

Property
Line

1
24/06/1436

Data:

Column load (left side) P1 (kN)

Column load (right side) P2 (kN)

Columns dimensions         a1 , b1 , a2 , b2 (m)

Spacing bet. Columns (C.L to C.L)     S (m)

Soil B.C qna ((kN //m2)

RC allowable stress  fcu, fy (N/mm2)

Design Procedures:
1) RC footings dim.

P * 1.2 L1  A 1 .…... get L1

A1 
q na

e = (L1/2) – (a1/2) S' = S - e

take moment about P2
P1 * S = R1 * S'
R1 = P1 * S / S'

Y = 0 R2 = P1 + P2 - R1

Check R1 > P1 & R2 < P2

2
24/06/1436

R1
A1  B1 = A1 / L1 …... get B1
q na

R2
A2  B2  L 2  A 2 .….. get L2 , B2
q na

w1 = R1 / L1 (kN/m’) w2 = R2 / L2 (kN/m’)
P1 P2
Statical
System

2) Draw S.F.D & B.M.D

Qa = w1 * a1 – P1 Qb = R1 – P1
Qe = – w2 * C Qd = P2 – w2 * (C+a2) C = (L2– a2)/2
Qc = P2 – R2 = Qb (as a check)
point of zero shear at distance X  P1 / w1 (inside the footing)

get Ma ---- Me &

Mmax at zero shear
h

3
24/06/1436

3) Design of Strap beam
Mu
dC Choose bstrap = bcol + 10cm
fcu * bstrap
where Mu = 1.5 1 5 Mmax
get dstrap & t = d + 5cm
Mu
A s top 
j * fy * d
take √ Φ √ mm
Md or Me *1.5
As bottom 
j * fy *d
Check shear
1.5Qsh
fsh   qcu where Qsh = max. of Q
bstrap * d
In case fsh > qcu … use stirrups & bent bars
7

Strap RFT Details

4
24/06/1436

4) Design of Footings
For Col. 1

C1 = (B1 – bstrap) / 2

fn1 = R1/(L1xB1) (kN/m2)

2
C
Mmax1  fn1 * 1 * L1
2
1.5M max1 1.5fn1 * (C1 - d)
d m1  C d sh1 
fcu * L1 q cu
get d1 bigger of dm1 & dsh1
1.5M max1
A s1 
j * fy * d 1
A s min  0.0015 * L1 * t
9

For Col. 2
C2 = (L2– a2)/2 or = (B1–bstrap)/2

fn2 = R2/(L2xB2) (kN/m2)

get Mmax2 from B.M.D …... bigger
of Me & Md
1.5M max 2
d m2  C
fcu * L 2
1 5f 2 * (C2 - d)
1.5fn
dsh2  get d2 bigger of dm2 & dsh2
qcu
1.5M max2 A s min  0 .0015 * L 2 * t
A s2 
j * fy * d 2
10