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Technology Include: Wires

i. Wireless communication involves the transfer of information over a distance without wires. It includes technologies like radio, cellular phones, wireless networking, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi. ii. Wi-Fi allows devices to connect to the internet via radio waves. It provides wireless internet access at speeds comparable to wired networks. Various Wi-Fi standards have been developed with higher speeds. iii. There is ongoing debate about the safety of Wi-Fi radiation and its effects on human health. While some studies found radiation levels well below safety limits, others argue long-term effects are still unknown. More research is needed to determine if Wi-Fi poses any health risks.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
45 views

Technology Include: Wires

i. Wireless communication involves the transfer of information over a distance without wires. It includes technologies like radio, cellular phones, wireless networking, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi. ii. Wi-Fi allows devices to connect to the internet via radio waves. It provides wireless internet access at speeds comparable to wired networks. Various Wi-Fi standards have been developed with higher speeds. iii. There is ongoing debate about the safety of Wi-Fi radiation and its effects on human health. While some studies found radiation levels well below safety limits, others argue long-term effects are still unknown. More research is needed to determine if Wi-Fi poses any health risks.

Uploaded by

antucili
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Wireless communication is the transfer of information over a distance without the use of

electrical conductors or "wires".[1] The distances involved may be short (a few meters as in
television remote control) or long (thousands or millions of kilometers for radio
communications). When the context is clear, the term is often shortened to "wireless". Wireless
communication is generally considered to be a branch of telecommunications.
It encompasses various types of fixed, mobile, and portable two way radios, cellular telephones,
personal digital assistants (PDAs), and wireless networking. Other examples of wireless
technology include GPS units, garage door openers and or garage doors, wireless computer mice,
keyboards and headsets, satellite television and cordless telephones.
Wireless networking can prove to be very useful in public places – libraries,
guest houses, hotels, cafeterias, and schools are all places where one might find
wireless access to the Internet.

A kind of network which has interconnections between nodes without using a wire is called
a wireless network.
In this methodology the network is established with the help of electromagnetic waves
such as radio waves, LAN connections etc.

Wireless network is the wireless connections only, due to which the


integrated network has became a reality, by allowing the changes to the data in the
network.

The prime focus of the connection is the network and the user aspect.
Wireless network has been a great help to the user by freeing the cord connectivity thus

converting it to wireless connections like mobile networks, radio networks,


telecommunications, wireless LAN’s etc.
So it ultimately provides us with the convenience of connectivity any time any where.

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi (for wireless fidelity) is a wireless LAN technology that enables laptop PC’s,
PDA’s, and other devices to connect easily to the internet. Technically known as
IEEE 802.11 a,b,g,n, Wi-Fi is less expensive and nearing the speeds of standard
Ethernet and other common wire-based LAN technologies. Several Wi-Fi hot spots
have been popular over the past few years. Some businesses charge customers a
monthly fee for service, while others have begun offering it for free in an effort to
increase the sales of their goods.

The 802.11 standard first appeared in the 1990’s and was developed by the
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. It has now emerged and expanded
to be one of the leading technologies in the wireless world.

802.11
Using either FHSS (frequency hopping spread spectrum) or DSSS (direct sequence
spread spectrum) this provides a 1 to 2 Mbps transmission rate on the 2.4GHz band.

802.11a
Using the OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) this provides up to
54Mbps and runs on the 5GHz band.
802.11b
This is also known as Wi-Fi or High Rate 802.11, uses DSSS and applies to wireless
LANs. It is most commonly used for private use, at home. It provides an 11 Mbps
transmission rate and has a fallback rate of 5.5, 2 and 1 Mbps.

802.11g
This provides a 20+ Mbps transmission rate, applies to LANs and runs on the
2.4GHz band.

The image below demonstrates the wireless data infrastructure as an extension of


the Internet.

i. Bluetooth is a simple type of wireless networking that allows the formation of


a small network.

ii. Bluetooth falls under personal area networking since it is has a very short
range – 30 to 300 feet.

iii. The main features of Bluetooth are that unlike Infra Red, the signal is not
affected by walls

iv. it uses radio technology, it is not very expensive, and has little power
consumption.

Analysis
Advantages
• The WLAN Internet connectivity is great for any company whose site is not conducive to
LAN wiring because of building or budget limitations, such as older buildings, leased space,
or temporary sites.
• While the initial investment required for WLAN hardware can be higher than the cost of
traditional wired LAN hardware, overall installation expenses and life-cycle costs can be
significantly lower. Long-term cost benefits are greatest in dynamic environments requiring
frequent moves and changes.
• The WLAN concept ensures the Internet customer, web-served mobile communication
and field service productivity, the benefits of wireless communications sooner, and harddollar
savings quicker than from any other commercial equipment available today. WLAN
can provide network hardware for in-building and building-to-building data networks, as well
as mobile communication equipment for information capture and display.
• WLAN mobility, i.e., a student attending class on a campus accesses the Internet,
accesses information, information exchanges, and learning.
• Senior executive officers, managers can present their briefings using WLAN without
carrying the data files, charts, and any storage equipment.
• Trade show and branch office workers minimize setup requirements with central
database thereby increasing productivity.
• Most WLAN equipment is plug-and-play. This will help to reduce the total cost to
include vendor technical installation, equipment maintenance and to eliminate equipment
redundancy in case of system crash.
• WLAN technology allows the network to go where regular wire cannot go.
• The WLAN was clearly better then wired in setup/teardown time and effort.
Disadvantages
• Due to the limited bandwidth, the WLAN technology cannot support Video
Teleconference (VTC). However, experts believe that WLAN will support VTC
within the next five years.
• Due to the security reason, using the WLAN equipment as a contingency model
is not recommended.
• The WLAN operated within typical wired LAN parameters provides less downtime and
an increased invisibility to the customer.
• The WLAN technology also have obvious potentials in customer mobility and
configuration changes significantly worse then wired in the risk of jamming, in the
potential for interference, and in the detection of customer location.
• The WLAN is not capable to download and upload large data files.
• The WLAN is significantly worse then wired in the risk of jamming, potential for
inference, and in the detection of RF signal.
• Products from different WLAN manufacturers are often incompatible with each other.
• Interference from friendly network will likely effect WLAN operation as the popularity
of this industry increases.
• The WLAN equipment is not capable of sending and receiving data successfully during
field exercises in case of heavy fog or dust storm.
• The WLAN equipment have difficulties at time in sending and receiving data when a
flying object passes over a WLAN field exercise.
• If too many people or businesses in the same area have WLAN, then the band of air that
they transmit signals on can become overloaded. Problems with signal interference are
already happening and there are no doubts that the airwaves will become overloaded (Dunne,
2001).
• Most office environment and modern homes are constructed of materials that are
relatively “translucent” to radio waves at 2.4 GHz so the range will not be greatly limited,
however they do tend to present very reflective and refractive environments and the ultimate
limitations will probably be caused by severe “multipath” problems.
• The problem has been the lack of interoperability among WLAN products from different
manufacturers. The classic Ethernet 802.11 standard was ignored in developing current
WLAN products (Seymour 2000).
• The WLAN weakness is susceptibility to many forms of external interface and the cost of
transmitting stations. In addition, United States, international authorities and treaties strictly
regulate most of the bands that can support high-speed communication. Use of these bands
requires an expensive license (Burd, 1998).

Some fears and concerns have arisen in people's heads whether WI-FI is safe or not when is used in
connection for a human being's health. Also these thoughts are stirred up by a recent BBC programme
Panorama. At the same time some scientists have declared that they could not find any evidence
proving that WI-FI causes any harm or damage to health. Well, we can now investigate this tricky topic
in order to find out these proven and those unproven arguments.

Some experiments were undertaken to clear up this situation. Experiment with pupils` reading was
performed in one of British schools. The BBC programme Panorama maintains that readings were 600
times below the government's safety limits due to WI-FI radiation. Also the BBC declares that a
wireless networks radiation is three times higher than that of a mobile one. From the other side,
authorities from scientific society say that the radiation from the laptops is very small. However, better
not to encourage children use laptops in their laps when they go online for a long period of time. There
is a hot scientific debate with arguments. But, as you know right though thrives on conflict. Now we
see that though there is a small radiation from laptops. Then the investigation goes further and
Panorama visited one school in Norwich. The experimentation conducted in that school revealed the
difference between the WI-FI and mobile radiation. That means that WI-FI signal is three times higher
than the beam of mobile radiation.

Let us identify what WI-FI actually means. WI-FI is such a system that uses radio waves of a very low
intensity. In comparison with the just common microwave oven that every family has in their houses,
the WI-FI radiation intensity is 100,000 times less than that of an oven. Furthermore, if you sit in front
of your lap top and receive network by wireless connection for a year then you will have received the
same amount of radio waves as that of talking on mobile phone for 20 minutes. So, there is no any
evidence what type of radiation has more influence over people's health and life. But, we understand
that the radiation does exist and we are curious to discover the way to calculate it.

This is rather a new area for scientists` investigation. That is why research in this particular direction is
still proceeding. Taking into account that radio waves or WI-FI have been part of our lives for more
than a century then we should already have found some notes or records with regard to any cases of
harm, damage or any other negative effects that WI - FI can provoke. Here are some examples that
have been represented to the public. The first person who suggested that low-level radiation has an
effect on chromosomes or genetic material was a Professor Olle Johansson from the Karolinska
Institute in Sweden. However, Professor Will J Stewart from the Royal Academy of Engineering added
that science explored that mobile phones` influence over health was negligible and thus assured that
people should be calm. Regarding WI-FI, they work on another radio frequencies but the power is very
low.

In conclusion, UK Telecom can suggest that opinions are divided into two opposite sides. One side is
pro, another is contra. The truth is somewhere in the middle. But, alongside with this delicate issue
there are many advantages of using WiMAX connection. This of course is another story and will need
to be discussed some other time.

MLL is the UK Telecom supplier of network by wireless. Our company specialises in delivery of
various types of networks such as wire, wireless, hybrid networks, end-to-end etc. Network provided
by MLL means security, rapidness and quality. If you want to check the status of your links, you are
welcomed. The powerful wireless networks covers up to 21 miles

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