Mathematics Complex Numbers

Complex Numbers
Multiple Correct Answer Type
1. If z1 = 15 and z2 − 3 − 4i = 5, then

(A) z1 − z2 = 5 (B) z1 − z2 = 10
min min

(C) z1 − z2 = 20 (D) z1 − z2 = 25
max max
Key. A,D

Sol.
Min. value of z1 − z2 = 5
Max. value of z1 − z2 = 25

2.
If are two non-zero complex numbers such that , then

A)
is purely imaginary

B)
is purely imaginary

C)

D)
are the vertices of a right angled triangle which is right angled at origin

Key. A,B,C,D

Sol.

is purely imaginary

is purely imaginary

thus form a right triangle

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Mathematics Complex Numbers

3.
If and are complex numbers such that and
then the pair of complex numbers and satisfies

A) B) C) D)

Key. A,B,C

Sol.

And

Now from (1) and (2),

Also

[From (1) and (4)]

And [From (1) and (4)]

Further [From (2) & (4)]

Also and

4.
If points A and B are represented by the non-zero complex numbers and on the Argand
plane such that and 0 is the origin, then

A) orthocentre of lies at O B)
circumcentre of is

C) D) is isosceles


Key. A,B,C

Sol.

is purely imaginary

Also from (1)

is a right angled triangle, we get right angle at O.

So, circumcentre

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Mathematics Complex Numbers

5. The adjacent vertices of a regular polygon of n sides are whose centre is at origin given by
(1 + )( )
2,1 , 1 + 2, −1 .Then the value of n is
a) 8 b) 4 c) 12 d) 6
Key. A
Sol. ( ) ( )
Let z = 1 + 2 + i, z = 1 + 2 − i .For adjacent vertices

π
z = zcis
2π
⇒ cis
2π 1 + i
=
( 2 −1 ) = 1 + i tan 8 = cis 2π
n n 1− i ( 2 − 1) 1 − i tan π
8
8

⇒ n = 8

1
6. If α is a variable complex number such that α > 1and z = α + lies on a conic then
α
2α
a) Eccentricity of the conic is 2

1+ α
b) Distance between foci is 4

c) Length of latusrectum is
(
2 α −1
2
)
2
α +1
2
⎛ 1 ⎞
d) Distance between directrices is ⎜ α + ⎟⎟
⎜ α
⎝ ⎠
Key. A,B,D
1 cis ( −θ )
Sol. Let α = r > 1 and α = rcisθ then z = x + iy = α + = rcisθ +
α r
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
⇒ x = ⎜ r + ⎟ cos θ and y = ⎜ r − ⎟ sin θ
⎝ r⎠ ⎝ r⎠
x2 y2
Eliminating θ gives 2
+ 2
= 1
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
⎜r + ⎟ ⎜r − ⎟
⎝ r⎠ ⎝ r⎠
1 1
Which is an ellipse . a = r + , b = r − ( r = α > 1 ⇒ a > b)
r r
b2 2
∴ e 1 − 2 = ,distance between foci =2ae=4
a 1
r+
r
2a
distance between directrices =
e

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Mathematics Complex Numbers

7. The equations of two lines making on angle 450 with a given line az + az + b = 0 (where ‘a’ is a
complex number and b is real) and passing through a given point C (c)(c is a complex number),
is/are

A) z+c z −c B) z −c z −c
+i = 0 +i = 0
a a a a

C) z −c z −c D) z+c z −c
−i = 0 −i = 0
a a a a

Key. B,C
z1 − z2 a
Sol. Let z1 , z2 be two points on the given line then = − − (1)
z1 − z2 a
z1 − z2 z −c
Also = ±i − ( 2 )
z1 − z2 z −c
z −c z −c
From (1) and (2) ±i =0
a a

8. 6π 6π
If z = 1 + cos + i sin then
5 5

A) 3π B) 2π C) 3π D) 2π
z = 2cos z = 2 cos arg z = arg z = −
5 5 5 5

Key. B,D
3π
⎛ 3π 3π ⎞
Sol. z = 2 cos ⎜ cos + i sin ⎟
⎝5 5 5 ⎠
2π ⎛ 2π 2π ⎞
= 2 cos ⎜ cos − i sin ⎟
5 ⎝ 5 5 ⎠

9. Let z , z , z ,........, z are the complex numbers such that z = z = ........... = z =1. If
1 2 3 n 1 2 n

⎛ n ⎞⎛ n 1 ⎞
z = ⎜ ∑ zk ⎟ ⎜ ∑ ⎟ then
⎝ k =1 ⎠ ⎝ k =1 zk ⎠

A) z is purely imaginary
B) z is real

C) 0 < z ≤ n2

D) z is a complex number of the form a + ib

Key. B,C
⎛1 1 1⎞
Sol. z = ( z1 + z2 + ... + zn ) ⎜ + + ... + ⎟
⎝ z1 z2 zn ⎠

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Mathematics Complex Numbers
2
⇒ z1 + z2 + ....... + zn → which is real
2 2 2 2
≤ z1 + z2 + z3 + ... + zn = n2

10. If a,b,c are non – zero complex numbers of equal moduli and satisfy az 2 + bz + c = 0 then
A) 5 −1 B)
min z = min z = 0
2

C) min z does not D) 5 +1
max z =
exist 2

Key. A,D
Sol. a = b = c = r
2
c = −az 2 + bz ≤ r z + r z

⇒ z + z − 1 ≥ 0 − (1)
2

and az 2 = − (bz + c )
2
a z =≤ r z + r
− ( 2)
2
z − z − 1 ≤ 0
Solve (1) and (2)

11. Let x , x are the roots of the quadratic equation x 2 + ax + b = 0 where a,b are complex
2 1

numbers and y1 , y2 are the roots of the quadratic equation y 2 + a y + b = 0 . If x1 = x2 = 1

then

A) y1 = 1 B) y2 = 1

C) y1 ≠ y2 D) y1 = y2 = 2

Key. A,B
Sol. x2 + ax + b = 0 ⇒ a ≤ 2 and b = 1
2 2
− a ± a −4 b − a ±i 4− a
y= =
2 2
y = 1

12. If the equation z3 + (3 + i ) z 2 − 3z − ( m + i ) = 0 where m ∈ R , has atleast one real root

then ‘m’ can have the value equal to
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 5

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Mathematics Complex Numbers
Key. A,D
Sol. Let α is a real root then
a 3 + (3 + i ) α2 − 3α = m + i
⇒ α3 + 3α2 − 3α − m = 0 & α 2 − 1 = 0
⇒ α = 1 or − 1
⇒ m = 1or 5

13. { }
If z − 3 = min z − 1 , z − 5 then Re ( z ) =____
5 7
a) 2 b) c) d) 4
2 2
Key. A,D
Sol. If z − 1 ≤ z − 5
r 2 r
Then z 2 − z − z + 1 ≤ z − 5z + 5z + 25 & z − 3 = z − 1
r r r
(
⇒ 4 2 + z ≤ 24 ) ⇒ zz − 3z = 3z + 9
r r r
z + z ≤ 6 = zz − z − z + 1
r
Re ( z ) ≤ 3 ( )
⇒ z z + z = 8
r
z+ z = 4
Re ( z ) = 2

2z − i
14. If z = x + iy then the equation = m represents a circles when m can be
z +1
1
a) b) 1
2
c) 2 d) 3 < m < 2 3
Key. A,B,D
−i m
Sol. = z +1
z
2 2
m ≠ 2

15. Let a, b, c be distinct complex numbers with a = b = c = 1 and z , z be the roots of the
1 2
equation a z 2 + b z + c = 0 with z1 = 1. Let P and Q represent the complex numbers z1 and z2
in the argand plane with POQ = θ , 00 < θ < 1800 (where O being the origin) then

2π 2π
A) b2 = a c ; θ = B) θ= ; PQ = 3
3 3

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Mathematics Complex Numbers

π
C) PQ = 2 3 ; b 2 = a c D) θ = ; b2 = a c
3

Key. A,B

Sol.

Now, then

16. The complex slope µ of a line containing the points z1 and z2 in the complex plane is defined
z1 − z2
as . If µ1 , µ2 are the complex slopes of two lines L1 and L2, then
z1 − z2
a) L1 and L2 are perpendicular if µ1 + µ2 = 0 b) L1 and L2 are parallel ifµ1 + µ2 = 0
c) L1 and L2 are perpendicular if µ1µ2 = -1 d) L1 and L2 are parallel if µ1 = µ2
Key: A,D
Hint We observe that if z o is a non – zero complex number and c is a real number , then the
− zo
equation z o z + zo z + c = 0 represents a straight line with complex slope
zo
Let L1 :α z + α z + c = 0 and L2 : β z + β z + d = 0 where α = ( a, b ) and β = ( p, q ) are
non –zero complex numbers. Then their cartesian equations are
c d
ax + by + = 0 and px + qy + = 0
2 2
∴ L1 ⊥ L2 ⇔ ap + bq = 0 ⇔ α β + αβ = 0
α β α −β
⇔ + = 0 ⇔ µ1 + µ2 = 0 where µ1 = − and µ2 = are the complex slopes of L1
α β α β
and L2 respectively.
L1 P L2 ⇔ aq − bp = 0 ⇔ α β − αβ = 0
α β
⇔ = ⇔ µ1 = µ2 .
α β
17. Let z1, z2, z3 in G.P. be roots of the equation z3 – bz2 + 3z – 1 = 0 then
(A) z2 = 1 (B) z2 = 2 (C) b = 3 (D) b can be -3
Key: A,C
Sol. z22 = z1z3
⇒ z23 = 1
z2 = 1, ω, ω2
1 - b + 3 - 1 = 0 ⇒ b = 3

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Mathematics Complex Numbers
18. Let z1 , z2 , z3 be the vertices of a triangle ABC. Then which of the following statements is

correct?

1 1 1 z +z +z
(A) If + + = 0 , where z = 1 2 3 , then ABC is an equilateral
z − z1 z − z2 z − z3 3
triangle.

1 1 1
(B) If ABC is an equilateral triangle then + + = 0 , where
z − z1 z − z2 z − z3
z1 + z2 + z3
z=
3
1 11
(C) If z1 z2 z3 =0, then the triangle ABC is equilateral
z2 z3 z1

(D) If z1 = z2 = z3 and z1 + z2 + z3 = 0 , then the triangle ABC is equilateral.

Key: A,B,C,D
Hint A necessary and sufficient condition for a triangle having vertices z1, z2 and z3 to form an
equilateral triangle is z12 + z22 + z32 = z1 z2 + z1 z3 + z2 z3 .
(A) and (B) will follow by performing some algebraic jugglery on the known condition given
above.
1 1 1
To prove (D) note that z1 + z2 + z3 = 0 can be changed to + + = 0
z1 z2 z3
(Q z1 = z2 = z3 )
2 2 2
19. If z1 and z 2 are two complex numbers such that z1 + z2 = z1 + z2 then
z1 z1
(A) is purely real (B) is purely imaginary
z2 z2
⎛ z1 ⎞
(C) z1z2 + z1z2 = 0 (D) arg ⎜ ⎟=0
⎝ z2 ⎠
Key: B,C
2
Hint: z1 + z2
= ( z1 + z2 )( z1 + z2 )
= z1z1 + z2 z2 + z1z2 + z1z2
2 2
= z1 + z2 + z1z2 + z1z2
We have z1z2 + z1z2 = 0

z1 ⎛z ⎞
⇒ z1z2 = − z1z2 ⇒ = −⎜ 1 ⎟
z2 ⎝ z2 ⎠

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Mathematics Complex Numbers
z1
So, is purely imaginary.
z2
a + ib
20. Suppose three real numbers a, b, c are in G.P let z = then
c − ib
ib ia ia
(A) Z = (B) Z = (C) Z = (D) z = 0
c b c
Key: A, B
Hint: Let r be common ratio of G.P. a, b, c we have
a 1
+i +i i
z= b = r =
c r − 1 r
−1
b
ib ia
z = or
c b
21. ( 1 ) ( 2 ) and C ( z3 ) are three points in argand plane where z1 + z2 = z1 − z2
If A z ,B z

and (1 − i ) z + iz = z + z − z , then
1 3 1 3 1
⎛ z +z ⎞
(A) A,B and C lie on a fixed circle with centre ⎜ 2 3
⎜ 2 ⎟⎟

⎝ ⎠
(B) A, B, C form right angle triangle
(C) A, B, C from an equilateral triangle
(D) A, B, C form an obtuse angle triangle
Key: A, B
z z
1 =π
Hint:
z 1 3 1 1 (
3 1 )
arg 1 = ±π and z + i z − z = z + z − z iff arg
z −z 2
2 3 1
⎛ z +z ⎞
So centre of circle = ⎜ 2 3 and ABC is right angle triangle.
⎜ 2 ⎟⎟

⎝ ⎠
22.
The complex numbers satisfying the equation

is /are

A) B) C) D)

Key. A,C

Sol.

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Mathematics Complex Numbers

23. If z1 = 15 and z2 − 3 − 4i = 5, then

(A) z1 − z2 = 5 (B) z1 − z2 = 10
min min

(C) z1 − z2 = 20 (D) z1 − z2 = 25
max max
Key. A,D

Sol.
Min. value of z1 − z2 = 5
Max. value of z1 − z2 = 25

3iz2 3 z + 7 z2
24. If is purely real, then find 5 1 .
5 z1 3z1 − 7 z2
Key. 5
3iz2
Sol. Let = K (real)
5 z1
z2 5 K
=
z1 3i
z 35 K
3+ 7 2 3+ 7
z1 3i
5 =5
z2 35 K
3−7 3−
z1 3i
35K + 9i
5 = 5
35K − 9i

25. Let z1 and z2 be two distinct complex numbers and let w = (1 – t)z1 + tz2 for some real numbers
t with 0 < t < 1. If Arg (z) denotes the principal argument of a non–zero complex number z,
then

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Mathematics Complex Numbers
(A) |w – z1| + |w – z2| = |z1 – z2| (B) Arg (w – z1) = Arg (w – z2)
w − z1 w − z1
(C) =0 (D) Arg (w – z1) = Arg (z2 – z1)
z 2 − z1 z2 − z1
Key. A,C,D
(1 − t)z1 + tz 2
Sol. As, w = , lies on the line segment joining z 1 and z 2
(1 − t) + t

26. Let z2 be reflection of z1 in az + az + b = 0. then

(A) Re {a (z1 + z2 )} = − b / 2
(B) Re {a( z1 + z2 )} = –2b
(C) arg(z2 – z0) = –arg(z1 – z0), where az0 + az 0 + b = 0

⎛ z1 − z 2 ⎞ a
(D) ⎜ ⎟ − = 0
z −
⎝ 1 2⎠ a
z
Key. D
⎛z +z ⎞ ⎛z +z ⎞
Sol. a ⎜ 1 2 ⎟ + a ⎜ 1 2 ⎟ + b = 0
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⇒ a (z1 + z2 ) + a (z1 + z 2 ) + 2b = 0

⇒ Re a ( z1 + z2 ) = -b

z1 − z 2 a
− = 0
z1 − z2 a
z1
z0 θ
-θ
z2

27. Let z1 and z2 are non − zero (given) complex numbers and k be any positive real number.
Consider the system of equations 3z − z1 − 2z 2 = z1 − z 2 and
⎛ z1 − z 2 ⎞ π
arg ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = ± . Then
⎝ z − kz1 − (1 − k ) z 2 ⎠ 2
⎛2 ⎞
(A) The system of equations has no solution if k ∈ ⎜ , ∞ ⎟
⎝3 ⎠
⎛ 2⎞
(B) The system of equations have more than one solutions if k ∈ ⎜ 0, ⎟
⎝ 3⎠
⎛ 2⎞
(C) The system of equations have no solution or if k ∈ ⎜ 0, ⎟
⎝ 3⎠
⎛2 ⎞
(D) The system of equations have more than one solution if k ∈ ⎜ , ∞ ⎟
⎝3 ⎠
Key. A,B
z1 + 2z 2 1
Sol. z− = z1 − z 2
3 3

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Mathematics Complex Numbers

⎛ z1 − z 2 ⎞ π
And Arg ⎜ ⎟=±
⎜ z − ( kz1 + (1 − k ) z 2 ) ⎟ 2
⎝ ⎠
π z1 + 2z 2
Angle between the line segment joining z1 and z2; z and kz1 + (1−k) z2 is is a
2 3
(
point on segment AB such that AC : CS = 2:1 and D kz1 + (1 − k ) z 2 is a point on segment )
AB such that AD:DB = 1 − k : k ⇒ BD = k ( z1 − z 2 )








2 2
(a) for nosol BD > BB1 ⇒ k z1 − z 2 > z1 − z 2 ⇒ k >
3 3
(b) for more than one sol. 0 < BD < BB1
2
⇒ 0 < k z1 − z 2 < z1 − z 2
3
0 < k < 2 / 3 .

∑ ∑ (α α )
3
28. If α1 , α 2 , α3 − − − − − −α30 are 30th roots of unity then i j =
1≤i < j ≤30
30
a) ∑α
i =1
i b) 101/ 30 c) 1 d) 0

Key. A,D

(α 3
+ α 2 + − − − + α 30
3 3
)(α 6
+ α 2 + − − − + α 30
6 6
)
∑ ∑
1 1
Sol. αi α j
3 3
=
1≤i < j ≤30 2
3⎛ 2π ⎞
α1 + α 2 + − − − + α 30 = 1 + (α ) + α 2 ( ) + − − − − − + (α 29 ) ⎜ α = cis
3 3 3 3 3
⎟
⎝ 30 ⎠

1 − (α 3 )
30

= = 0
1−α 3
Similarly α1 + α 2 + − − − − +α30 = 0
6 6 6

29. If z1 , z2 , z3 are vertices of a triangle then all complex numbers z which make the triangle in to
a parallelogram are given by
a) − ( z1 + z2 + z3 ) b) z1 + z2 − z3 c) z2 + z3 − z1 d) z3 + z1 − z2
Key. B,C,D
Sol. Conceptual
30. The adjacent vertices of a regular polygon of n sides are whose centre is at origin given by
(1 + )( )
2,1 , 1 + 2, −1 .Then the value of n is

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Mathematics Complex Numbers
a) 8 b) 4 c) 12 d) 6
Key. A

( ) ( )
Sol. Let z = 1 + 2 + i, z = 1 + 2 − i .For adjacent vertices

π
z = zcis
2π
⇒ cis
2π
=
( 1+ i 2 −1 ) = 1 + i tan 8 = cis 2π
n n 1− i ( 2 − 1) 1 − i tan π 8
8
⇒ n = 8
1
31. If α is a variable complex number such that α > 1and z = α + lies on a conic then
α
2α
a) Eccentricity of the conic is 2
b) Distance between foci is 4
1+ α

c) Length of latusrectum is
(
2 α −1
2
) d) Distance between directrices is
2
α +1
2
⎛ 1 ⎞
⎜⎜ α + ⎟⎟
⎝ α ⎠
Key. A,B,D

1 cis ( −θ )
Sol. Let α = r > 1 and α = rcisθ then z = x + iy = α + = rcisθ +
α r
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
⇒ x = ⎜ r + ⎟ cos θ and y = ⎜ r − ⎟ sin θ
⎝ r⎠ ⎝ r⎠
x2 y2
Eliminating θ gives 2
+ 2
= 1
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
⎜r + ⎟ ⎜r − ⎟
⎝ r⎠ ⎝ r⎠
1 1
Which is an ellipse . a = r + , b = r − ( r = α > 1 ⇒ a > b)
r r
b2 2
∴ e 1 − = ,distance between foci =2ae=4
a 2
1
r+
r
2a
distance between directrices=
e
32. If Z ≠ 0 is a complex number then Z , iZ , − Z , −iZ are the vertices of a
A) square B) rectangle C) rhombus D) parallelogram
Key. A,B,C,D
Sol. Conceptual
33. Let Z1 = x1 + iy1 , Z2 = x2 + iy2 be complex numbers in fourth quadrant of argand plane and
Z1 = Z2 = 1 , Re(Z1Z2 ) = 0 . The complex numbers Z3 = x1 + ix2 , Z 4 = y1 + iy2 ,
Z5 = x1 + iy2 , Z6 = x2 + iy1 will always satisfy

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Mathematics Complex Numbers
A) Z 4 = 1 B) arg( Z3 Z 4 ) = −π / 2
Z5 Z6
( ) is purely imaginary
2
C) + is purely real D) Z 52 + Z 6
cos(arg Z1 ) sin(arg Z1 )
Key. A,B,C,D

Sol. Z1 = eiθ1 , Z2 = eiθ2 , Re ( Z1Z2 ) = 0 ⇒ θ1 + θ2 = −π / 2

Z3 = e−iθ1 , Z 4 = −ieiθ1 , Z5 = cos θ1 (1 − i ), Z 6 = sin θ1 (−1 + i)

34. Let Z satisfies Z + 2(1 + i ) = 2 then
A) max ( Z ) = 4 2 B) If arg( Z ) is least Z = 6
C) max(arg Z ) = 13π /12 D) max(arg Z ) − min(arg Z ) = π / 3
Key. B,D

Sol. max ( Z ) = OP = 2 2 + 2 = 3 2
For Q arg Z is max

For R arg Z is min.

OR = OC 2 − CR2 = 6 = 150
max(arg Z ) = ∠XOQ = −(1350 − 300 ) = −1050
min(arg Z ) = ∠XOR = −(1350 + 300 ) = −1650

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Mathematics Complex Numbers

15