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Differences Between Classical and Operant Conditioning Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning

Classical and operant conditioning are two types of learning processes. Classical conditioning involves learning associations between stimuli, where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a response. Operant conditioning involves learning associations between behaviors and their consequences, where behaviors are modified based on reinforcement or punishment that follows the behavior. Both processes can be involved in some learning situations.

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Syed Ali Huzaifah Bukhari
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112 views

Differences Between Classical and Operant Conditioning Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning

Classical and operant conditioning are two types of learning processes. Classical conditioning involves learning associations between stimuli, where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a response. Operant conditioning involves learning associations between behaviors and their consequences, where behaviors are modified based on reinforcement or punishment that follows the behavior. Both processes can be involved in some learning situations.

Uploaded by

Syed Ali Huzaifah Bukhari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LP 5C examples of CC 1

12/28/18

Differences Between
Classical and Operant Conditioning
Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning
In classical conditioning, the organism In operant conditioning, the organism
learns an association between two learns an association between behavior
stimuli—the UCS and NS (eg. food and and its consequences. Behavior
tone)—that occurs before the natural changes because of the consequence
response (eg. salivation). that occur after it.

UCS  UCR
NS

CS  CR
LP 5C examples of CC 2
12/28/18

Classical conditioning usually deals Operant conditioning usually deals with


with reflexive or involuntary responses voluntary behaviors such as active
such as physiological or emotional behaviors that operate on the
responses. environment.

Although classical and operant conditioning are different processes, many


learning situations involve both.
LP 5C examples of CC 3
12/28/18

Classical Conditioning
Before Conditioning: “examples” Terminology
Food drooling UCS  UCR

Metronome  no Neutral stimulus (NS)  no


response response

During Conditioning: “examples” Terminology


Food + metronome UCS + NS  UCR
 drooling

After Conditioning: “examples” Terminology


bell  drooling CS  CR
LP 5C examples of CC 4
12/28/18

Operant Conditioning

Operant conditioning is the basic learning process that involves changing the
probability that a response will be repeated by manipulating the consequences
(reinforcements or punishments) of that response.

Reinforcements

A consequence that follows a behavior that makes


that behavior more likely to occur in the future.

Behaviors that are reinforced are more likely to


occur.

Punishments

A consequence that follows a behavior that makes


that behavior less likely to occur in the future.

Behaviors that are punished are less likely to


occur.
LP 5C examples of CC 5
12/28/18

Reinforcements and punishments are defined by the effect they produce.


• Money is not a reinforcement if it doesn’t increase behavior.
• Spankings are not punishments if they don’t modify behavior (in some cases
they are reinforcements because they increase the likelihood of behavior).
LP 5C examples of CC 6
12/28/18

Check your understanding of the usual differences between classical conditioning and
operant conditioning by indicating the type of conditioning process involved in each of the
following examples. In the space on the left, place a
• C if the example involves classical conditioning,
• O if it involves operant conditioning, or
• B if it involves both.
• N if not sure

1. Whenever Marcia takes her dog out for a walk, she wears the same old blue
windbreaker. Eventually, she notices that her dog becomes very excited whenever she
puts on this windbreaker.

2. The Creatures are a successful rock band with three hit albums to their credit. They
begin their U. S. tour featuring many new, unreleased songs, all of which draw silence
from their concert fans. The same fans cheer wildly when The Creatures play any of their
old hits. Gradually, the band reduces the number of new songs it plays and starts playing
more of the old standbys.

3. When Cindy and Mel first fell in love, they listened constantly to The Creatures’ hit song
Transatlantic Obsession. Although several years have passed, whenever they hear this
song, they experience a warm, romantic feeling.

4. For nearly 20 years Ralph has worked as a machinist in the same factory. His new
foreman is never satisfied with his work and criticizes him constantly. After a few weeks
of heavy criticism, he experiences anxiety whenever he arrives at work. He starts calling
in sick more and more frequently to evade this anxiety.

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