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Alignment of Drive Systems

1) Proper alignment of drive system components ensures smooth and efficient power transmission while misalignment can cause excessive vibration, noise, and premature component failure. 2) There are three main types of shaft misalignment: offset, angular, and mixed. Misalignment is measured in thousandths of an inch. 3) Flexible couplings can accommodate some misalignment but relying on them for excessive misalignment can still lead to premature bearing and component failure from forces generated.

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71 views

Alignment of Drive Systems

1) Proper alignment of drive system components ensures smooth and efficient power transmission while misalignment can cause excessive vibration, noise, and premature component failure. 2) There are three main types of shaft misalignment: offset, angular, and mixed. Misalignment is measured in thousandths of an inch. 3) Flexible couplings can accommodate some misalignment but relying on them for excessive misalignment can still lead to premature bearing and component failure from forces generated.

Uploaded by

ismail çakmak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Failure Rate of Drive Systems

Academic Year 2018/2019

Report 1

Theme: Alignment of Drive Systems


Alignment of Drive Systems
Proper motor shaft alignment increases the operating life span of rotating machinery. To achieve
this goal, components that are the most likely to fail must be made to operate within their
acceptable design limits.

While misalignment has no measurable effect on motor efficiency, correct shaft alignment
ensures the smooth, efficient transmission of power from the motor to the driven equipment.
Incorrect alignment occurs when the centerlines of the motor and the driven equipment shafts are
not in line with each other. Misalignment produces excessive vibration, noise, coupling- and
bearing-temperature increases, and premature failure of bearings, couplings or shafts.

Types of Misalignment
1: Offset, or Parallel the shafts are parallel to each other, but are not co-planar, or in the
same plane. This can be both vertical and horizontal.
•Offset or Parallel Misalignment is measured in thousandths of an inch (0.000”), also called
mils.

2: Angular the shafts are not in the same plane, which causes a difference in measurement
between measurements made 180 degrees opposite on the coupling faces.
•Angular Misalignment is measured in thousandths of an inch (0.000”), or mils, per inch of
coupling diameter.
3: Mixed the shafts in the corner are not in the same plane. In this way, a measurement
difference occurs.

Couplings
Larger motors are usually directly coupled to their loads with rigid or flexible couplings. Rigid
couplings do not compensate for motor-to-driven-equipment misalignment, while flexible
couplings tolerate small amounts of misalignment. Flexible couplings also can reduce
vibration transmitted from one piece of equipment to another, and some can insulate the
driven-equipment shaft against stray electrical currents. It is a mistake to rely on coupling
flexibility for excessive misalignment. This is because flexing of the coupling and of the shaft
will exert forces on the motor and driven-equipment bearings. These forces may result in
premature bearing, seal or coupling failure, shaft breaking or cracking, and excessive radial
and axial vibrations. Secondary effects include loosening of foundation bolts, and loose or
broken coupling bolts.

Methods of Alignment
Ruler: With the ruler alignment method, the machine is aligned. The machine is aligned with
the ruler. The most accurate result is obtained by millimeter measurements.
Mechanical Sensor: With mechanical sensor method, the machine is aligned. But this
method is better than the ruler method. Measurements are made using the sensor.
Laser: Laser alignment method is one of the healthiest methods used. The laser is sent to
the center of the opposite block. It is also visible from the measuring machine. In this way,
the most accurate result is achieved by performing millimetric measurements. The center of
the laser is controlled through the machine. Then the desired values are taken. In this way,
high efficiency is obtained from the alignment method.
Effect of Misalignment
Poor alignment or misalignment is the name given if the centrelines of two shafts don’t run in
the same axis.

Poor alignment means:


 Premature bearing, seal, shaft and coupling failures
 High Bearing and coupling temperatures
 Excessive vibration
 Looseness of foundation bolts
 The breaking (or cracking) of shafts at, or close to the inboard
 High power consumption

Only 7% of measured machines within acceptable tolerances


A survey conducted by one of the world's leading rotating equipment service organizations
shows that less than
10% of the 160 machines randomly chosen for measurement were found to be aligned within
acceptable limits.
Laboratory Test
Alignment with laser was used in laboratory test. First, the laser is fixed with chains. The
laser is then fixed to the center. The device was centrally controlled. The best result was
achieved.
Then, the machine was aligned by placing the plate under the machine. Then, the machine
was aligned by placing the plate under the machine. At the same time the machine is rotated
with bolts of the machine. The machine level is controlled by controlling the device.

As a result, we have obtained the methods of machine alignment. Thus, we have obtained
the advantages of machine alignment.

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