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Ix. Answers To Study Questions

The document discusses applications of ion exchange and the principle of adsorption. It provides examples of how ion exchange is used to analyze ions and separate inorganic ions. Adsorption is used in gas masks, sugar clarification, chromatography, catalysis, and water softening. The amount of resin directly impacts ion exchange capacity and speed of exchange. Batch-wise ion exchange involves agitating the resin and water, while fixed-bed uses a column and allows for concurrent or countercurrent regeneration.

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135 views

Ix. Answers To Study Questions

The document discusses applications of ion exchange and the principle of adsorption. It provides examples of how ion exchange is used to analyze ions and separate inorganic ions. Adsorption is used in gas masks, sugar clarification, chromatography, catalysis, and water softening. The amount of resin directly impacts ion exchange capacity and speed of exchange. Batch-wise ion exchange involves agitating the resin and water, while fixed-bed uses a column and allows for concurrent or countercurrent regeneration.

Uploaded by

yessa gamueda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IX.

ANSWERS TO STUDY QUESTIONS

1. What are other applications of ion-exchange aside from what was illustrated in the

experiment? Cite examples and explain.

Ion-exchange has been used for the analyses of anions and cations. It has been

successfully applied to the analysis of raw materials, bulk active ingredients, counter

ions, impurities, and degradation products, excipients, diluents and at different stages of

the production process as well as for the analysis of production equipment cleaning

solutions, waste streams, container compatibility and other applications. It has wide

applicability which includes high throughput application formats, average cost, powerful

resolving ability, large sample handling capacity and ease of scale-up as well as

automation.

 ANALYSIS OF ANIONS AND CATIONS

 Analysis of Amino Acid Mixtures - Columns of cation-exchange resin are

used, and the solutions are maintained sufficiently acid so that the amino acids

are at least partly in their cationic forms.

 Analysis Of The Products Of Nucleic Acid Hydrolysis - the products of

hydrolysis of nucleic acids are analysed where information about the

molecules are gained.

 SEPARATION OF INORGANIC IONS

Inorganic ions can be separated by ion-exchange chromatography. The lanthanoids, or

rare earth elements, are separated on columns of cation-exchange resin. Solutions of

citrates, lactates, or other salts whose anions form negatively charged complexes with the
lanthanoid ions are used to wash the ions from the column. The metal ions themselves are

held by the resin; the complexes are not.

 TREATMENT OF WATER

Treatment of water is one of the major industrial applications of Ion Exchange. Where

hard water is softened by exchanging the positive ions: calcium and magnesium, with

sodium ions.

2. Cite and discuss practical applications of the principle of adsorption in a chemical

company or industry.

 USE OF GAS MASKS:

All gas masks are devices containing suitable adsorbent so that the poisonous gases

present in the atmosphere are preferentially adsorbed and the air for breathing is purified.

 SUGAR CLARIFICATION:

Sugar is decolorized by treating sugar solution with charcoal powder. The latter adsorbs

the undesirable colors present.

 CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS:

The selective adsorbent of certain substances from a solution by a particular solid

adsorbent has helped to develop technique for the separation of the components of the

mixture. This technique is called chromatographic analysis.

 CATALYSIS:

The action of certain solids as catalysts is best explained in terms of adsorption. The

theory is called adsorption theory. According to this theory, the gaseous reactants are
adsorbed on the surface of the solid catalyst. As a result, the concentration of the

reactants increases on the surface and hence the rate of reaction increases.

 HARD WATER SOFTENING:

The use of ion exchangers for softening of hard water is based upon the principle of

competing adsorption just as in chromatography.

 REMOVING OF MOISTURE FROM AIR:

Such instruments which may be harmed by contact with the moist air are kept out of

contact with moisture using silica gel.

3. What is the relationship of the amount of resin and the ion exchange in the experiment?

The amount of resin is directly proportional to speed of exchange. By increasing the amount

of resin, the sites available for exchange is higher, thus, an opportunity for exchange is also

higher. Such is expressed through the ion exchange capacity of resins.

4. Compare the batch-wise ion-exchange and ion-exchange using a fixed bed. What

conclusions can you draw from the experiment?

BATCH-WISE ION EXCHANGE

In a batch-wise ion exchange, the wastewater is placed in an agitated tank and added with the

ion exchange resins. After equilibrium has been reached the resin is filtered and the water is

discharged. The resin in not typically regenerated in a batch-wise operation.

ION-EXCHANGE USING A FIXED BED


In a fixed bed operation, a single phase is passing through a column. Such example is the

passing of wastewater over a bed of activated carbon or ion exchange resigns. The terms

“concurrent” and “countercurrent” are used to indicate the direction of the regenerating

solution with respect to that of the water.


LIST OF APPARATUS

Ion Exchange Column – is an apparatus filled with

a fixed bed of resins where ion exchange takes

place.

Spectrophotomer -
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Ion Exchange – is a process that utilizes the concept of Double Displacement, to remove

unwanted ions from a certain material. Ion exchange takes place in a resin with an ion that will

easily displace upon contact with the unwanted ion.

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