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Introduction To Hydraulic Logic Systems in A Controls Course

This document discusses PLC programming and ladder logic diagrams. It covers symbols used in ladder diagrams like normally open and closed contacts and coil outputs. It explains how ladder diagrams represent electrical circuits and shows examples of designing ladder diagrams for applications like controlling a bell or pneumatic system. The goal is for students to understand basic ladder diagram design and writing programs to control processes using PLCs.

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Murali Krishnan Selvaraja
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126 views

Introduction To Hydraulic Logic Systems in A Controls Course

This document discusses PLC programming and ladder logic diagrams. It covers symbols used in ladder diagrams like normally open and closed contacts and coil outputs. It explains how ladder diagrams represent electrical circuits and shows examples of designing ladder diagrams for applications like controlling a bell or pneumatic system. The goal is for students to understand basic ladder diagram design and writing programs to control processes using PLCs.

Uploaded by

Murali Krishnan Selvaraja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hydraulics & Pneumatics

Chapter 4: Programmable Logic


Controller
(PLC Programming)
by
Dr. Mohd Fadzil Faisae
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
[email protected]
Lesson Outcome

• By the end of this lecture, student should


be able to:
– Identify the symbols in PLC ladder diagram
and it’s function.
– Explain basic process of writing ladder
diagram.
Content

• Symbols in PLC Ladder Diagram


• Fundamental of Ladder Diagram
• Ladder Diagram for Multiple Actuators
Fundamentals of Programming

Ladder Logic
◦ Symbolic representation of electrical
circuit
◦ Symbols in ladder logic is divided into
contacts (input) and coils (output)
Ladder Logic (example)
Contacts

Most input to PLC are either on (true)


or off (false)
Input – sensors and switches
Common symbols
◦ Normally open--------
◦ Normally closed------
Coils

Coils are output symbols


Real output device – motor, light, pump,
counter, timer, relay
PLC examine contact (input) in ladder and
turn the coil (output) on or off
Coil symbol -------
Ladder Diagram Design

Problem: Draw a ladder diagram for a bell


circuit. When a switch is pressed, the bell
will ring
Ladder Diagram Design

• Modify the diagram, so that when the


switch is pressed once and released, the
bell is ringing continuously
Ladder Diagram Design

• Add another button to stop bell ringing


Exercise!

• A drill press machine only works if


there is a part present and the
operator has one hand on each start
switches (2 start switches)
PLC programming

• Example: Design a PLC ladder


diagram for pneumatic system with
the following sequence:
A+ B+ B- A-
Using a single solenoid valve
General Steps
1. Identify sequence of movement
2. Group the sequence : 1 group contains 1 relay
3. Identify limit switch status

a b
1 0
A+ B+ B- A-
k1 k2 a0
Start b1
4. Identify relation
Group 1 Group 2
k1  start.a0 k2  k1.b1
A  k1 B-  k2
B+  k1.a1 A-  k2.b0
Turn of k2
k1  start.a0
A  k1
B+  k1.a1
k2  k1.b1
B-  k2
A-  k2.b0
Don’t forget to OFF k2
Summary

• In this lesson, we have learn


– The basic symbols and function in PLC ladder
diagram.
– How to design a ladder diagram for
pneumatic application

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