A CONCISE CHILDREN'S Bi) e cere ok Al-Arabee Ben RazzouqA[EVSYIPMSeOVGRN Re Sergi Rorq et (eed corer uecniy PNT een ale) Lie Sect cue eee cu Pn Cm aus eieecemSum U Te CMC eCMuS uC Rue Cer neue aimed at children of age ten years and over and presents Pee U Sacer ii tee ey PeeRCO CeCe WRC eer oe CURR emilee cy run eC MCR an Wem uur Pe Crum Cun aura uae) PUCCIO LoL) COC Cue) eC aL COT ON RE Ue Ue UR CCU here to present these teachings and concepts in their true TeeUc Rca aioe BO CU eR OCU ek) as some of the well-known Prophets and Messengers of Allah, may Allah’s peace be upon them all, the significance of certain important Islamic occasions, the benefits of the observance of certain practices and a short biography of the ret CR ee Re Cad GUO RC ue Sen ue eae eee rit Bt AC CU Ruled of all Ee RCC UR UCR UR Le Rae Oca i mec Cum eC a PO Cun eu i uaa BN: 2960-29302 nr Oe Te Le WM 9960! PenNUSA CONCISE CHILDREN'S AN BY GLU PUL The present reference work is a humble attempt to place before the English-speaking Muslim children a number of basic Islamic teachings and concepts.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED @ +55 qb Gis ‘No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording or by any information storage and retrival system, without the permission of the publisher. Supervised by: Abdul Malik Mujahid © Maktaba Dar-us-Salam, 2007 Razzoug , Al-Arabee 257p | 21x28.7em ISBN: 9960-9930-2-7 210.32 de LD. no. 1428/2974 king Fahd National Library Catalog-in-Publication Data ‘A Concise Children’s Encyclopedia of Islam. ‘Al-Arabee Razzoug - Riyadh, 2007 = Islam - Encyclopedial-Title 1428/2974 ISBN: 9960-9930-2-7 Darussalam Contects HEAD OFFICE P.O. Box: 22743, Riyadh 11416 K.S.A.Tel: 0096 -1-4039962/4043432 Fax: 4021659 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Website: www.dar-us-salam.com K.S.A. 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NeVOGA alan SS 217A Oamaneara Utama, £270 Poking say Solange Darl Ercan: Maley “Tel: 00603 7710 9750 Fax: 7710 0749) xmas danusealm@streamyscom FRANCE, * Ealitions & Librairie Essalam 1135, Bo de Menimontant- 75011 Paris, ‘Tel: 0033-01- 43 38 19 56/ 44 83 Faxc003301-4387 4434 Esa esatarmaessalam com. SINGAPORE "= Muslim Converts Association of Singapore 32 Onan Road The Galaxy Singapore: 424864 ‘= Darul Kitab 6, Nimal Road. Colombo-4 ‘Tol: 0094 115 358712 Fax: 115-358713 = Islamic Books International 54, Tandal Streat (North) Dengri, Mumbai 4000 09, ‘Tol: 0091-22-2373 4180, Fax: 0001-22-2973 0689 E-mail: sales@iri-net SOUTH AFRICA = Islamic Da'wah Movement (IOM) 148009 Qualbert 4078 Durban,South Africa ‘Tel: 0027-31-04-6889 Fax: 0027-21-205-1202 E-mail: [email protected]ON OnORON A= © aa 12 13, 14, 15 16 7 18 19 20 241 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Page Introduction sl Useestial erhest pt ens ‘AamAlfeel Abu Bakr As-Siddeeg (4) ——-----_ Adam (gee) Ad-Dajjaal _ Oo "1 Adhaan Ie a IS AblulKitaab Ahl-us-Sunnah wal-Jamaa'ah 18 Akhiaaq - 19 Alaamaat-us-Saa'ah As-Sughraa (Minor Signs of the Day of Judgement) 21 Alaamaat-us-Saa‘ah Al-Kubrraa (Major Signs of the Day of Judgement) _ 25 Al-Hawdh a 28 AlHijrah a) ‘Ali ibn Abee Taalib («25 ) 31 Al-tsraa and Al-Mi‘raaj 33 Al-Jumu‘ah 35 Al-Khulafaa‘ Ar-Raashidoon 37 Allah (4g) 38 Al-Madeenah = — - 40 Al-Malaa‘ikah 43 Al-Masjid Al-Haraam 44 Al-Masjid An-Nabawee — 47 Al-Qadar = ee. Al-Qur'an 51 "Aqeeqah 53 Arafaat 54 Ash-Shafaa’ah 56 ‘Ashuraa 58 Asmaa'ullah Al-Husnaa (Allah‘s Beautiful Names) 60 As-Sahaabah et fs e £ Sl 8 3) r cs cy fe33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 As-Salaam As-Siraat At-Tabi‘oon —__ At-Taqweem Al-Islaamee Avail] IAI aae Seana ae eneeee anne NEE SSE ERS EEDEEEEEEREENS Ayyub ( 68)) Bait-ul-Maqdis I i etieeteeitemneereaeennmnenneeeeeereeiniinienetetiiinceees, Birr-ul-Waalidain OU re ES, Du'aa Eid Eemaan unl Hadeeth Hadeeth Qudsee _ Hap Hijab Hud ieee Iblees Iraaheem (sce) Whraam thsaan Iqaamah _ ‘Isaa ($2!) Islam Ismaa‘eel (sx) ) Istina’ Vtikaaf Jahannam Page ee.) et 65 6664 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 7 78 79 80 81 82 83 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 Janaazah Jannah Jibreel ( $5\) Jinn Kebea rrr nrrr! Kufr Lailat-ul-Qadr Lot (321) Makkah Maryam (Alaih-assalaam) Masjid oe a Mina Muhammad ( ‘2 ) Musa (382) Muzdalifah Nabee — Nifaaq Nuh ()) Omar ibn Al-Khattaab (<5) : Othman ibn Affan (<5) Qiblah Rak‘ah Ramadhan Rasool Ribaa Rukoo’ Sadaqah Sa'ee Salaat Salih (3&2) Sawm Page 121 124 126 127 128 130 132 134, 138 141 143, 145 147 151 156 187 158 160 163 165 168 170 171 173 174 176 17 179 181 187 19095 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 12 13, 14 115 116 17 18 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 Shahaadah tg Sharee‘ah 195 fake Shirk tg Siyyaam-ut-Tatawwu) 0 Sujood OC 203 Sulaiman ( #5) - 204 Sunnah eee a eeeeenenee cannes 208 Tafseer anny 210 Tahaarah nd 1 Tahajjud 213 Takneer 215 Talbiyyah 216 Taqwaa 217 Taraaweeh 218 Tasbeeh 219 Tawaat - 220 Tawbah 222 Tawheed Be 224 Tayammum re 225 Udh-hiyyah 2286 Umrah tg Ummahaat-ul-Mu'mineen 230 P23 Wudhuy sn Yawm Al-Qiyyaamah Yunus (seg) SYismuet ( ppg Yt Zakaat 245 Zakaat-ul-Fite 2 Zamzam tg Bibliography lton ____ Introduction aes In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful All praise is due to Almighty Allah. We praise Him and seek His help and forgiveness. We seek refuge in Allah from the evil of our own selves and from our sinful deeds. Whomever Allah guides, there is none to misguide him; and whomever He leads astray, none can guide him. | bear witness that there is no god worthy of worship except Allah, and | bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger. May Allah bestow His peace and blessings upon Prophet Muhammad, upon his good and pure family, as well as upon all the noble companions and those who follow them in righteousness until the Day of Judgement. The present reference work is a humble attempt to place before the English-speaking Muslim children a number of basic Islamic teachings and concepts. Itis primarily aimed at children of age ten years and over and presents topics in an easy-to-use alphabetical format. It also covers a wide range of topics and features cross-references which draw attention to related subjects. Given the fact that some of these Islamic teachings and concepts have been forgotten by many Muslims, and given the fact that some of them have been given wrong definitions or interpretations by some non-Muslims, either deliberately or out of ignorance, an effort has been made here to present these teachings and concepts in their true light and clear picture. The definitions not only cover a wide range of concepts such as tawheed, tawbah, shirk, Eemaan and /hsaan, but also include some of the well-known Prophets and Messengers of Allah, may Allah's peace be upon them all, the significance of certain important occasions such as Ashuraa and Eed, the benefits of the observance of certain practices and a short biography of the four rightly-quided caliphs who helped shape the destiny of the new faith. Even though the present reference guide is designed specifically for Muslim children, readers and students of all ages and different faiths who wish to learn more about the world's fastest-growing religion will certainly find it enlightening and highly informative. Nees ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ISLAM 1 een te eelThe explanations this reference tool provides are for the most part based on the Qur'an and the authentic Sunnah of the Prophet, sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam. When the reference is to the surah of the Qur'an, the name of the surah is mentioned, followed by its number and then by the number of the verse. Thus, (Surat Maryam, 19:11) means the eleventh verse of the nineteenth surah of the Qur'an, which is Surat Maryam. When the reference is to the hadeeth, this is in many cases followed by the narrator/s who reported it, sometimes followed by the category of the hadeeth if not reported by Al-Bukhaaree and Muslim. In the compilation of the present work, a number of books and web sites have been consulted. Part of it was also the product of translation of a number of texts provided by Brother Abdul Malik Mujahid, Director of Darussalam. A list of the books consulted appears at the end of the encyclopedia. Special thanks go to a number of people who helped produce the book in its present format, particularly graphics designer Brother Zulfiqar who conscientiously provided all the illustrations and Brother Muhammad Nazeer for patiently revising the text with the utmost patience. We pray to Allah the Almighty to make this humble effort successful. We also pray to Him to accept it as an effort done for His sake alone and to make it of real benefit to all those who read it, for it is ultimately Allah's acceptance alone that really counts, and success is only by His Will. “Lonly intend reform as much as | am able; and my success [in the task] can only come from Allah. In Him | trust, and unto Him | return.” (Surat Hud, 11:88) “Our Lord! In You only do we trust; unto You do we turn in repentance; and to You is our final return.” (Surat Al-Mumtahinah, 60:4) Al-Arabee Ben Razzouq Jumaadaa ath-Thaaniyah, 1428 AH July 2007__ Useful Definitions The following are transliterations of some Arabic expressions that appear throughout the encyclopedia, followed by their meanings in English Subhaanahu wa ta'aalaa: “4 Gorified and Exalted be He. This expression is generally said after mentioning the name of Allah the Almighty. Another common expression is ‘Azza wa Jalla. Sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam: May Allah's peace and blessings be upon him. This expression is commonly said whenever the Prophet Muhammad's name is mentioned. Peace be upon him. This formula is usually said after the name of a prophet or an angel, such as Musa (Moses) or Jibreel, respectively. It is also said after the names of certain pious men mentioned in the Qur'an, such as Al-Khidhr, whose story appears in Surat Al-Kahf, 18:65-82. Alaih-assalaam: fJtix Peace be upon her. This is said after the names of certain pious women mentioned in the Qur'an, such as Maryam, the mother of Prophet Isaa, alaih-issalaam. Radhiy Allaahu ‘anhu: <2 May Allah be pleased with him. This is generally used for a male companion of the Prophet (2) such as Abu Hurairah and Ibn Abbaas. Radhiy-Allaahu ‘anhaa: (=, May Allah be pleased with her. This is usually used for a female companion of the Prophet (2) such as his wives Khadeejah and A‘ishah. o 2 to = S a 2 ry 7 3Shaikh-ul-Islam: This title of honour precedes the name of certain learned scholars of Islam particularly those who had attained by their fatwas certain fame or the approval of a large number of Muslim jurists. Ibn Taymiyyah is an ‘example of such learned scholars. Ibn: son of. This is a title of respect, an example of which is Omar ibn Al-Khattab, which means Omar, son of Al-Khattab. Bint: daughter of. This is a title of respect, an example of which is Hafsah bint Omar, which means Hafsah, daughter of Omar. Abu: father of. This is a title of respect, an example of which is the Prophet's companion Abu Hurairah (25). Umm: mother of. This is a title of respect, an example of which is the Prophet's wife Umm Salamah (i).“‘Aam Al-feel ‘Aam A-feel (The Year of the Elephant) is the year in which Prophet Muhammad (2) was born. Before Islam, the Arabs had no calendar of their own, and so they would name a year after an important incident that occurred during that year, before it or after it. The year in which the Prophet Muhammad (3 ) was born is known as the 'Year of the Elephant’ because it was the year in which Abrahah Al-Ashram, the Christian ruler of the Abyssinian Kingdom of Yemen, marched upon Makkah with a large army consisting of a huge elephant, with the intention of | destroying the Ka'bah so that the Arabs would do pilgrimage to a temple he had built | in Yemen instead. The guardians of the Ka'bah offered no defence whatsoever, as the army was too strong for them However, Allah (4s) saved His Sacred | House and caused Abrahah's evil plan to end in vain. He sent down on him and his army birds carrying stones of baked clay in their beaks and claws with which they pelted them until they were all destroyed. The Qur'an tells the story of the ‘Companions of the Elephant’ in Surat Al-Feel, thus: "Have you not seen how your Lord dealt with the companions of the elephant? Did He not make their plot go astray? And He sent against them birds in flocks, striking them with stones of baked clay; and He made them like eaten straw." (Surat Al-Feel, 105) Abrahah's army was suddenly overtaken by flocks of birds, striking them with small stones slightly bigger than lentil seeds. When these stones fell on the soldiers, it would dissolve their flesh and burst it into pieces. They all perished in this way. Abrahah fled while his flesh was bursting into pieces but he died on the way back to Yemen. Nemkenen ananassae ea 5 EB a A s_ Abu Bakr As-Siddeeq (3) Abu Bakr (2 ) was one of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs. He was two years younger than the Prophet (32) and was one of the wealthiest merchants of Makkah who came from a noble family. He was renowned for his good and upright nature. His honesty and truthfulness won him the friendship of young Muhammad (8) and this companionship, which started in early boyhood, proved lifelong. Abu Bakr (:25 ) was the first adult male to accept Islam, and this he did without hesitation. Once the Prophet (2 ) said, “I called people to Islam, and everybody thought over it, at least for a while. But this was not the case with Abu Bakr; the moment | put Islam before him, he accepted it without any hesitation.” Abu Bakr ( 2s ) was very kind-hearted; when he saw someone in difficulty, he would do whatever he possibly could to help him. No sacrifice was too great in his eyes for the sake of = the new faith. When the heartless Quraish masters tortured their slaves to give up Islam, they would make them lie > naked, on burning sand, like they did Sts with Bilal ibn Rabaah ( és ). Then they would put big rocks on their chests. Abu Bakr (2) used his wealth to buy many such helpless Muslim slaves from their ruthless masters and set them free for the sake of Allah. When the Prophet ( 28 ) asked people to help the expedition of Tabuk with whatever they could, Abu Bakr ( «2 ) beat all past charitable records by taking all his money and household articles and heaping them at the Prophet's feet. The Prophet ( 28 ) called himAs-Siddeeq (the truthful) because when he undertook the night journey to the highest heaven with Angel Jibreel (si) and his enemies jeered at him, Abu Bakr (4) simply replied when asked about the credibility of this incident, "I would believe anything that the Messenger of Allah (2%) says." It was Abu Bakr ( % ) who made all the arrangements for the historic journey to Madeenah in which he accompanied the Prophet (28). Of all the companions, Abu Bakr (#5) had the honour of being with the Prophet ( 2 ) during the most critical days of his life. He also took part inall the battles that the Prophet ( “ ) fought. Alll his life, he fought boldly under his banner, and under his supervision the collection of the Quranic revelations was recorded in the Qur'an. When the Prophet (#8) could no longer lead prayers during his last illness, he appointed him for the task. After the Prophet's death, Muslims elected him the first khaleefah (caliph). His unshakable faith helped Islam keep its foundation intact. He had to fight against those who left Islam and started fighting against Muslims, such as the powerful tribe of Banu Bakr. He also declared war on those who refused to pay the obligatory poor-rate, Zakaat, made an Cre eieewetonaance Abu Bakr As-Siddeeq (.