GABIONS GRAVITY RETAINING WALL CALCULATIONS

PROJECT NAME: PROJECT #:

LOCATION: SECTION:

ENGINEER: REPORT #:

NOTES: DRAWING #:

DATE: 6/6/2019

Descriptions symbols Input Units Notes

Values

Backfill slope angle above wall β 15.000 º <Ф

Angle of internal friction Φ 28.000 º
Wall friction reduction by geotextile fr 20.000 % Back of wall
Angle of wall friction δ 22.400 º Φ(100-fr)/100
Inclination angle to vertical plane ω 10.000 º for wall with straight back (no offsets)
Back of wall angle to horizontal α 100.000 º 90+ω
Cohesion c 0 KN/m3 Ignore cohesion
Surcharge q 19.000 KN/m3
Soil density γs 19.000 KN/m3
Rock density γr 20.000 KN/m3
Void in gabion v 20.000 %
Gabion density γg 16.000 KN/m3 γr(100-v)/100
Actual height of wall H 8.000 m (hCosω) Corrected for inclination
Embedment d 1.000 m 0 ft to ignore passive thrust
Width of base B 4 m
Allowable soil bearing capacity qa 120.000 KN/m3 determined by Geotechnical Engineer
 Row # Width Height offset Area X Moment Y Moment
(m) (m) (from toe) (m) (m²) (m) (m³) (m) (m³)
15 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
14 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
13 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
12 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
11 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
10 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
9 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
8 1.0 1.0 3.50 1.000 4.000 4.000 7.500 7.500
7 1.5 1.0 3.00 1.500 3.750 5.625 6.500 9.750
6 2.0 1.0 2.50 2.000 3.500 7.000 5.500 11.000
5 2.5 1.0 2.00 2.500 3.250 8.125 4.500 11.250
4 3.0 1.0 1.50 3.000 3.000 9.000 3.500 10.500
3 3.5 1.0 1.00 3.500 2.750 9.625 2.500 8.750
2 4.0 1.0 0.50 4.000 2.500 10.000 1.500 6.000
1 4.5 1.0 0.00 4.500 2.250 10.125 0.500 2.250
h= 8.0 22.000 2.886 63.500 3.045 67.000

1 COULOMB'S THEORY

BACK

Active earth pressure Ka = Sin²(α+Φ)

coefficient Sin² α Sin(α-δ) 1+ Sin(Φ+δ) Sin(Φ-β) ²
Sin(α-δ) Sin(α+β)

0.620961
0.970 0.977 1+ 0.771 0.225 ²
0.977 0.906

1.971

0.621
1.971

0.315

Active soil thrust Ps = 0.5Kaγs H²

= 191.549 KN/m-run

Active surcharge thrust Pq = Sinα KaqH

Sin(α+β)

= 0.985 47.887
0.906

= 52.035 KN/m-run

Horizontal active soil thrust Phs = PsCos(δ- ω)

= 187.080 KN/m-run

Horizontal active surcharge Phq = PqCos(δ- ω)

thrust
= 50.821 KN/m-run

Vertical active soil thrust Pvs = PsSin(δ- ω)

= 41.132 KN/m-run

Vertical active surcharge Pvq = PqSin(δ- ω)

thrust
= 11.174 KN/m-run
 FRONT

Inclination angle to vertical ωp = 0.000

Front face angle to horizontal αp = 90-ωp
= 90.000
Backfill slope βp = 0.000
Angle of wall friction δp = 0.000

Passive earth pressure Kp = Sin²(α-Φ)

coefficient Sin² α Sin(α+δ) 1- Sin(Φ+δ) Sin(Φ+β) ²
Sin(α+δ) Sin(α+β)

0.904508
1.000 1.000 1- 0.469 0.469 ²
0.985 0.985

0.274
0.905
0.274

3.303

Passive soil thrust Pp = 0.5Kpγs d²

= 31.380 KN/m-run

2 Check Overturning:

Vertical distance to Phs Yhs = H/3-BSinω

= 1.972 m

Vertical distance to Phq Yhq = H/2-BSinω

= 3.305 m

Overturning moment ∑Mo = YhsPhs + YhqPhq

= 536.921 KNm/m-run

Weight of Gabion Wg = ∑A γg

= 352.000 KN/m

Horizontal distance to W g Xg = Ysinω + XCosω

= 3.371 m

Horizontal distance to Pvs Xvs = B/Cosω + (H/3-BSinω)Tanω

4.409 m

Horizontal distance to Pvq Xvq = B/Cosω + (H/2-BSinω)Tanω

4.645 m

Vertical distance to Pp YPp = d/3

= 0.333 m

Resisting moment ∑Mr = W g Xg + Pvs Xvs + Pvq Xvq + PpYPp

= 1461.823 KNm/m-run

Overturning factor of safety SFo = ∑Mr

∑Mo
2.723 ≥ 2.000 OK
3 Check Sliding

Total Normal forces ∑W = Wg Cosω + PsSinδ + PqSinδ - PpSinω

= 434.026 KN/m

Frictional force Ff = ∑W TanΦ

= 230.776 KN/m

Total Resisting Forces ∑Fr = Ff + CosωPp

= 261.679 KN/m

Total Driving Forces at base ∑Fd = PsCosδ + PqCosδ - W gSinω

164.080

Siding factor of safety SFs = ∑Fr

∑Fd

1.595 ≥ 1.500 OK

4 Check the Eccentricity of Resultant Force

(Resultant is in middle one third)

Eccentricity e = 0.5 B - ( ∑Mr - Mo)

∑W

= 2.000 - 2.131

= -B/6 ≤ e ≤ +B/6

-1.250 ≤ -0.131 ≤ 1.250

O.K O.K

5 Check Bearing

Applied bearing pressure P = ∑W (1± 6e/B)

B

= 108.506 (1 ± -0.196 )

Left = 109.310 KN/m2 ≤ 120.000 OK

Right = 109.703 KN/m2 ≤ 120.000 OK

Additional calculations may have to be performed including and not limiting to global stability analysis (by
(Geotechnical Engineer), seismic forces (by Seismic Engineer) and hydraulic forces (by Hydraulic Engineer).
Please check local, State and Federal requirements. The calculator assumes drained uniformed retained and foundation
soil properties. The calculations should be reviewed, checked and certified by a Professional Engineer. To the best of our
knowledge, the calculator and information was prepared accurately. Terra Aqua is not responsible for the reliability and
validity of the geotechnical parameters assumed in the calculations. The calculator is intended to provided design
design assistance to the engineer for the purpose of designing with Terra Aqua products.