Symptoms:  Abdominal pain

What is cancer?
 The presence of unusual lump in
a disease caused by an the body
uncontrolled division of  Changes in a mole on the skin,
abnormal cells in a part of the such as size, color or shape
thickness
body
 A persistent cough or hoarseness
Cancer Sign and  A change in bowel habits, such
as unusual diarrhea or
Symptoms constipation
Cancer symptoms are changes in  Difficulty in swallowing or
the body caused by the presence of continuing indigestion
 Any abnormal bleeding, including
cancer. They are usually caused by
bleeding from the vagina, or
the effect of a cancer on the part of blood in urine or faeces
the body where it is growing,  A persistent sore or ulcer
although the disease can cause  Difficulty passing urine
more general symptoms such as  Unexplained weight loss
weight loss or tiredness. There are  Unexplained pain
more than 100 different types of  Unexplained tiredness or fatigue
cancer with a wide range of  Skin changes such as an
different signs and symptoms which unexplained rash or unusual
texture
can manifest in different ways.
 Unexplained night sweats
  Germ cell tumor: Cancers derived called ductal carcinoma of the
from pluripotent cells, most often breast. Here, the adjective ductal
List of cancer types: presenting in the testicle or the refers to the appearance of the
ovary (seminoma and cancer under the microscope, which
 Carcinoma: Cancers derived from
dysgerminoma, respectively). suggests that it has originated in the
epithelial cells. This group
 Blastoma: Cancers derived from milk ducts.[citation needed]
includes many of the most
immature "precursor" cells or
common cancers, particularly in
embryonic tissue. Blastomas are
older adults. Nearly all cancers
more common in children than in
developing in the breast, prostate,
older adults.
lung, pancreas, and colon are
Cancers are usually named using -
carcinomas.
carcinoma, -sarcoma or -blastoma
 Sarcoma: Cancers arising from
as a suffix, with the Latin or Greek
connective tissue (i.e. bone,
word for the organ or tissue of origin
cartilage, fat, nerve), each of
as the root. For example, cancers of
which develop from cells
the liver parenchyma arising from
originating in mesenchymal cells
malignant epithelial cells is called
outside the bone marrow.
hepatocarcinoma, while a
 Lymphoma and leukemia: These
malignancy arising from primitive
two classes of cancer arise from
liver precursor cells is called a
cells that make blood. Leukemia
hepatoblastoma, and a cancer
is the most common type of
arising from fat cells is called a
cancer in children accounting for
liposarcoma. For some common
about 30%.[2] However, far more
cancers, the English organ name is
adults develop lymphoma and
used. For example, the most
leukemia.
common type of breast cancer is
 Cancer is a disease caused by potentially avoidable by reducing
Causes of Cancer genetic changes leading to exposure to known factors.[7][8]
For the cellular mechanisms of uncontrolled cell growth and tumor Common environmental factors that
cancer development, see formation. The basic cause of contribute to cancer death include
Carcinogenesis and sporadic (non-familial) cancers is exposure to different chemical and
Oncogenomics. DNA damage[1] and genomic physical agents (tobacco use
instability.[2] A minority of cancers accounts for 25–30% of cancer
are due to inherited genetic deaths), environmental pollutants,
mutations.[3] Most cancers are diet and obesity (30–35%),
related to environmental, lifestyle, infections (15–20%), and radiation
or behavioral exposures.[4] Cancer is (both ionizing and non-ionizing, up
generally not contagious in humans, to 10%).[9] These factors act, at least
though it can be caused by partly, by altering the function of
oncoviruses and cancer bacteria. genes within cells.[10] Typically many
The term "environmental", as used such genetic changes are required
by cancer researchers, refers to before cancer develops.[10] Aging
everything outside the body that has been repeatedly and
interacts with humans.[5] The consistently regarded as an
environment is not limited to the important aspect to consider when
biophysical environment (e.g. evaluating the risk factors for the
exposure to factors such as air development of particular cancers.
pollution or sunlight), but also Many molecular and cellular
includes lifestyle and behavioral changes involved in the
Cancer requires multiple mutations to factors.[6] Over one third of cancer development of cancer accumulate
progress. deaths worldwide (and about 75- during the aging process and
80% in the United States) are eventually manifest as cancer.
Preventions of Cancer cancer deaths could be prevented
by avoiding risk factors including:
Cancer prevention is the practice tobacco, overweight / obesity, an
of taking active measures to insufficient diet, physical inactivity,
decrease the incidence of cancer alcohol, sexually transmitted
and mortality.[1][2] The practice of infections, and air pollution.[5][6] Not
prevention is dependent upon both all environmental causes are
individual efforts to improve lifestyle controllable, such as naturally
and seek preventative screening, occurring background radiation, and
and socioeconomic or public policy other cases of cancer are caused
related to cancer prevention.[3] through hereditary genetic
Globalized cancer prevention is disorders. Current gene editing
regarded as a critical objective due techniques under development may
to its applicability to large serve as preventative measures in
populations, reducing long term the future.[7] Future preventative
effects of cancer by promoting screening measures can be
proactive health practices and additionally improved by minimizing
behaviors, and its perceived cost- invasiveness and increasing
effectiveness and viability for all specificity by taking individual
socioeconomic classes.[2] biologic make up into account, also
The majority of cancer cases are known as "population-based
due to environmental risk factors, personalized cancer screening."[2]
and many, but not all, of these
environmental factors are
controllable lifestyle choices.[4]
Greater than a reported 75% of