VERB USE IN DIFFERENT DOMAINS

Cognitive Domain

Level Description Action Verbs Describing Learning

Outcomes
Evaluation Requires the formation of Appraise Judge
judgments and decisions about the Compare Justify
value of methods, ideas, people, Contrast Support
products. Must be able to state the Criticize Validate
bases for judgments (e.g., external Defend
criteria or principles used to reach
conclusions.)

Sample question: Evaluate the

quality or worth of a value as
applied to pharmacy.

Synthesis Requires production of something Categorize Devise

unique or original. At this level, Compile Formulate
one is expected to solve unfamiliar Compose Predict
problems in unique way, or Create Produce
combine parts to form a unique or Design
novel solution.

Sample question: Integrate data

from several sources (e.g., various
readings and observations at the
service site).

Analysis Identification of logical errors (e.g., Break down Infer

point out contradictions, erroneous Deduce Outline
inference) or differentiate among Diagram Point out
facts, opinions, assumptions, Differentiate Relate
hypotheses, conclusions. One is Distinguish Separate out
expected to draw relations among Illustrate Subdivide
ideas and to compare and contrast.

Sample question: Deduce a client’s

beliefs regarding preventive health
actions.

Use previously acquired Change Organize

Application information in a setting other than Compute Prepare
the one in which it was Demonstrate Relate
learned. Because problems at this Develop Solve
level are presented in a different Modify Transfer
and applied way, one cannot rely Operate Use
on content or context to solve the
problem.

Sample question: Organize your

observations at a site to
demonstrate a particular value.

Comprehension Some degree of understanding is Convert Extend

required in order to change the Defend Generalize
 VERB USE IN DIFFERENT DOMAINS

form of communication, translate, Discriminate Infer

restate what has been read or heard, Distinguish Paraphrase
see connections or relationships Estimate Predict
among parts of a communication Explain Summarize
(interpretation), draw conclusions,
see consequences from information
(inference).

Sample Question: Explain

pharmaceutical care.

knowledge Remember or recall information Define Name

such as facts, terminology, Describe Outline
problem-solving strategies, rules Identify Recall
Label Recite
Sample question: Define List Select
pharmaceutical care. Match State

Affective Domain

Action Verbs Describing

Level Description Learning Outcomes
Characteri-zation All behavior displayed is consistent with one’s value Avoid
system. Values are integrated into a pervasive philosophy Display Exhibit
that never allows expressions that are out of character Internalize Manage Require
with those values. Evaluation at this level involves the Resist Resolve
extent to which one has developed a consistent philosophy Revise
of life (e.g., exhibits respect for the worth and dignity of
human beings in all situations).
Organization Commitment to a set of values. This level involves 1) Abstract Formulate
forming a reason why one values certain things and not Balance Select
others, and 2) making appropriate choices between things Compare Systemize
that are and are not valued. One is expected to organize Decide Theorize
likes and preferences into a value system and then to Define
decide which ones will be dominant.
Valuing Display behavior consistent with a single belief or attitude Act Express
in situations where one is neither forced or asked to Argue Help
comply. One is expected to demonstrate a preference or Convince Organize
display a high degree of certainty and conviction. Debate Prefer
Display
Responding One is required to comply with given expectations by Applaud Participate
attending or reacting to certain stimuli. One is expected to Comply Play
obey, participate, or respond willingly when asked or Discuss Practice
directed to do something. Follow Volunteer
Obey
Receiving One is expect to be aware of or to passively attend to Attend Listen
certain stimuli or phenomena. Simply listening and being Be aware Look
attentive are the expectations. Control Notice
Discern Share
Hear
 VERB USE IN DIFFERENT DOMAINS

Psychomotor Domain
This domain is given primarily for information. Other courses within the curriculum stress this various levels of
psychomotor performance (e.g., Clinical Skills Laboratory, Pharmacy Practice I).

Psychomotor behaviors are performed actions that are neuromuscular in nature and demand certain levels of
physical dexterity.

Level Description Action Verbs Describing Learning Outcomes

Naturali-zation High level of proficiency is necessary. The behavior is Automatically Spontaneously
performed with the least expenditure of energy, becomes Effortlessly With ease
routine, automatic, and spontaneous. Naturally With perfection
Professionally With poise
Routinely
Articulation Requires the display of coordination of a series of related Confidence Smoothness
acts by establishing the appropriate sequence and Coordination Speed
performing the acts accurately, with control as well as with Harmony Stability
speed and timing. Integration Timing
Proportion
Precision Requires performance of some action independent of either Accurately Proficiently
written instructions or a visual model. One is expected to Errorlessly With balance
reproduce an action with control and to reduce errors to a Independently With control
minimum.
Manipulation Align Place
Performance of an action with written or verbal directions Balance Repeat
but without a visual model or direct observation. The action Follow Rest (on)
may be performed crudely or without neuromuscular Grasp Step (here)
coordination at this stage. Notice that the action verbs are Hold
the same as those for the imitation stage. The difference is
that these actions are performed with the aid of written and
verbal instruction, not visual demonstration.

Imitation The learner observes and then imitates an action. These Align Place
behaviors may be crude and imperfect. The expectation Balance Repeat
that the individual is able to watch and then repeat an Follow Rest (on)
action. Grasp Step (here)
Hold