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Problem Set 2 - Phys 7810 - Spring 2011: y iωt−ikz

The document is a problem set for a graduate level physics course on nonlinear optics. It contains 5 problems: [1] Deriving the nonlinear wave equation and discussing approximations; [2] Calculating second harmonic generation from parameters in a seminal 1961 paper; [3] Plotting phase matching angles for second harmonic generation in beta-barium borate; [4] Calculating power conversion efficiency for second harmonic generation in a beta-barium borate crystal; [5] An optional numerical project solving the full nonlinear wave equation.

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Roy Vesey
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28 views

Problem Set 2 - Phys 7810 - Spring 2011: y iωt−ikz

The document is a problem set for a graduate level physics course on nonlinear optics. It contains 5 problems: [1] Deriving the nonlinear wave equation and discussing approximations; [2] Calculating second harmonic generation from parameters in a seminal 1961 paper; [3] Plotting phase matching angles for second harmonic generation in beta-barium borate; [4] Calculating power conversion efficiency for second harmonic generation in a beta-barium borate crystal; [5] An optional numerical project solving the full nonlinear wave equation.

Uploaded by

Roy Vesey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problem Set 2 – Phys 7810 – Spring 2011

Due date: Th 27 January

1. Slowly varying envelope approximation: Starting with Maxwell’s equations (uniform dielectric
medium, no currents, no free charges) derive the nonlinear wave equation with the slowly varying
envelope approximation. Carry out the derivation which we only sketched in class in all its beauty.
And, very importantly, sketch and discuss the meaning, and range of validity of the approximations
made.
For simplicity, and slightly different from the approach in class, use a field of the form E(r, t) =
e~y · E(z)eiωt−ikz . ω and k fulfill the dispersion relation ω = kc/n.
2. First second-harmonic generation: The story goes that the editorial office has removed the specs in
the photograph the authors send in of their claimed first second-harmonic observation - and with
them the evidence of the first ever observation of SHG: Franken et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 7, 118
(1961). Calculate with the parameters give in the paper and the values below the intensity you
expect the authors would have observed and compare with their estimate as given in the paper.
Use: quartz d11 = 0.37 pm/V, n0 (694 nm) = 1.54084, n0 (347 nm) = 1.5660, ne (694 nm) = 1.5496,
ne (347 nm) = 1.5760. Assume all other nonlinear coefficients to be 0 due to Kleinman symmetry.
First draw the two possible configurations he describes in his paper and calculate the coherence
length lc for the interaction. Use this to estimate what focus size (1/e2 intensity) he has focused
his laser beam to achieve the ”interaction volume” he specifies.
Calculate the conversion ratio for the peak intensity of his beam and use this to estimate the
maximum amount of SH power you would expect. How does your result compare with Franken’s
estimate of SH photons produced?
3. Phase matched SHG: β-barium-borate (β-BaB2 O2 , BBO) is a commonly used nonlinear optical
material. A typical task you may face is to frequency double a laser beam.
Here is a data sheet with many relevant optical constants for that material provided by a company:
http: //www.inrad.com/pdf/Inrad datasheet%20BBO%20Crystal.pdf
Familiarize yourself with the data provided.
Then calculate and plot the graph describing the crystal orientation (phase matched angle) versus
laser wavelength for type-I and type-II phase matched SHG.
4. Power conversion efficiency: We have derived the expression to describe the intensity for phase
matched SHG as a function of nonlinear optical crystal parameter and laser parameter in the
infinite plane wave approximation. This expression is also approximately valid for a Gaussian input
beam. Consider SHG in BBO cut for phase matching with a length of 5 mm and effective nonlinear
susceptibility of χ(2) = 4.14 pm/V. If the fundamental laser pulses have 10 nJ pulse energy, 100
fs duration, and a Gaussian beam profile with diameter of 0.2 mm, what is the energy conversion
efficiency.

5. Optional project on nonlinear wave equation: The nonlinear wave equation can be solved numerically
without making any of the assumptions we made it class. Try to solve for the second-harmonic
intensity as a function of crystal thickness under phase-matched or non-phase matched conditions
using, e.g., BBO and for a plane wave excitation and compare with the result using the common
approximations.

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